• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.256-269
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 KURT 화강암 시료의 포화유무에 따른 균열손상 기준과 파괴인성의 변화를 측정하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 일축압축시험을 이용한 소성체적변형률을 통해 KURT 화강암의 균열손상 기준을 도출하였다. 또한 암석의 파괴인성을 보다 신뢰성 있게 측정하기 위해 암석의 비선형적 변형에 대한 보정(Level II Method; ISRM, 1988) 을 통해 포화유무에 따른 KURT 화강암의 수정 파괴인성(corrected fracture toughness)을 측정하였다. 시험결과 건조시료의 평균 균열개시 응력(σ_ci)과 균열손상 응력(σ_cd)은 91.1 MPa과 128.7 MPa이었으며, 포화시료의 평균 균열개시 응력(σ_ci)과 균열손상 응력(σ_cd)은 58.2 MPa과 68.2 MPa이었다. 건조시료에 비해 포화시료의 균열개시 응력은 36% 감소하였으며 균열손상 응력은 건조시료 대비 47%나 감소되는 결과를 나타내었다. 균열손상 응력(σ_cd)이 상대적으로 더욱 감소하였음을 감안할 때 시료의 포화로 인해 더 낮은 응력조건에서 구조물에 대한 손상이 쉽게 발생할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. KURT 화강암의 비선형성을 고려한 수정 파괴인성은 0.811 MPa·m^0.5이었으며 포화시료의 수정 파괴인성은 0.620 MPa·m^0.5이었다. 즉 암석의 비선형성을 고려함으로써 파괴인성의 증가를 확인할 수 있었으며, 암석의 포화시 수정 파괴인성은 24% 감소하였다. 따라서 지하수 포화로 인해 암석 내 균열의 생성과 진전에 대한 저항성이 감소함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.481-484
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• 2000

Practical structures are subject not only to tension but also to shear and torsional loading. Even under uniaxial loading, when the load is not perpendicular to the crack plane, mixed mode crack can occur. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the fatigue behavior under mixed mode loading. In this study, the propagation behavior of the fatigue crack of the STS304 steels under mixed mode loading condition was investigated. The mode I and II stress intensity factors of CTS specimen were calculated using elastic finite element method with experimental results. The fatigue crack propagation under mixed mode was evaluated by the effective stress intensity factor proposed by Tanaka.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1032-1040
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• 2001

It is widely accepted that the pressure variation of interstitial fluid is one of the most important factors in bone physiology. In order to understand the role of interstitial fluid on porous bony structure, a consideration for the biomechanical interactions between fluid and solid constituents within bone is required. In this study, a poroelastic theory was applied to investigate the elastic behavior of calf vertebral trabecular bone composed of the porous solid trabeculae and the viscous bone marrow. The poroelastic behavior of trabecular bone in a uniaxial stress condition was simulated using a commercial finite difference analysis software (FLAC, Itasca Consulting Group, USA), and tested for 5 different strain rates, i.e., 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 10 per second. The material properties of the calf vertebral trabecular bone were utilized from the previous experimental study. Two asymptotic poroelastic responses, the drained and undrained deformations, were predicted. From the predicted results for the simulated five strain rates, it was found that the pore pressure generation has a linearly increasing behavior when the strain rate is the highest at 10 per second, otherwise it showed a nonlinear behavior. The pore pressure generation with respect to the strain was found to be increased as the strain rate increased. The elastic moduli predicted at each strain were 208.3, 212.2, 337.6, 593.1, and 602.2 MPa, respectively. Based on the results of the present study, it was suggested that the calf vertebral trabecular bone could be modeled as a poroelastic material and its strain rate dependent material behavior could be predicted.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2020

For form stability of membrane structures, membrane material is required to be in tension. Therefore, in planning and maintenance management, the engineer should consider enough about introduction of stress during construction and re-introduction of stress after completion. Clamping part is an important portion with the function for introducing tension into membrane materials, and the function to transmit stress to boundary structures, such as steel frames. Then, the purpose of this research is to clarify stress condition and stress transfer mechanism including clamping part of membrane structures, and to grasp the changing tendency of membrane structures with the passage of time. In this research, following previous one, we perform well-balanced evaluation by conducting tensile fractured tests of clamping part's specimens, and by measuring individually the amount of displacement of not only overall specimen's length but membrane material and clamping part. Thereby, we consider the influence the difference in the hardness of edge rope and the difference in the direction of thread affect modification and fracture load.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.810-818
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• 1991

Fracture responses of Al2O3 tubes were investigated for various loading paths under combined tension/torsion. The fracture criterion did not depend on loading paths. Fracture angles agreed well with the maximum tensile stress criterion. As the loading condition approaches a shear dominant state, the tensile principal stress at fracture increases compared to the uniaxial fracture strength. By using the Weibull modulus obtained from tension and torsion tests, the Weibull statistical fracture strengths were compared with experimental data. This comparison suggests that fracture may occur at the surface of the specimen when tensile stress is dominant, but within the volume of the specimen when shear stress is dominant. The Weibull fracture strength increased as the loading conition approached a shear dominant state, but underestimated compared to experimental data. Finally, a new fracture criterion was proposed by including the effect of compressive principal stress. The proposed criterion agreed well with experimental data of Al2O3 tubes not only at combined tension/torsion but also at balanced biaxial tension.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2020

The effects of hydrogen precipitation on the mechanical properties of Zircaloy-4 and Zirlo alloys were examined with uniaxial tensile tests at room temperature and at 400 ℃ and accompanying microstructural changes in the Zircaloy-4 and Zirlo alloy specimens were discussed. The elastic moduli of Zircaloy-4 and Zirlo alloys decreased with increasing hydrogen concentrations. Yield strengths of both materials tended to decrease gradually. The reductions of yield stress seems to be caused by the dissipation of yield point phenomena shown in stress-strain curves. Ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of Zircaloy-4 and Zirlo slightly increased at low hydrogen contents, and then decreased when the concentrations exceeded 500 and 700 wppm, respectively. Uniform elongations were stable until 600 wppm and drops to 0% around 1400 wppm at room temperature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권6권
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• pp.751-763
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• 2017

This article deals with the buckling behaviour of multilayered magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compressive (in-plane) loads. The constitutive equations of MEE material are used to derive a finite element (FE) formulation involving the coupling between electric, magnetic and elastic fields. The displacement field corresponding to first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) has been employed. The in-plane stress distribution within the MEE plate existing due to the enacted force is considered to be equivalent to the applied in-plane compressive load in the pre-buckling range. The same stress distribution is used to derive the potential energy functional. The non-dimensional critical buckling load is accomplished from the solution of allied linear eigenvalue problem. Influence of stacking sequence, span to thickness ratio, aspect ratio, load factor and boundary condition on critical buckling load and their corresponding mode shape is investigated. In addition, static deflection of MEE plate under the sinusoidal and the uniformly distributed load has been studied for different stacking sequences and boundary conditions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.811-831
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• 2015

This paper focuses on the strengthening methods used for improving the compression behaviors of perforated box-section walls as provided in the anchorage zones of steel pylons. Rectangular plates containing double-row continuous elliptical holes are investigated by employing the boundary condition of simple supporting on four edges in the out-of-plane direction of plate. Two types of strengthening stiffeners, named flat stiffener (FS) and longitudinal stiffener (LS), are considered. Uniaxial compression tests are first conducted for 18 specimens, of which 5 are unstrengthened plates and 13 are strengthened plates. The mechanical behaviors such as stress concentration, out-of-plane deformation, failure pattern, and elasto-plastic ultimate strength are experimentally investigated. Finite element (FE) models are also developed to predict the ultimate strengths of plates with various dimensions. The results of FE analysis are validated by test data. The influences of non-dimensional parameters including plate aspect ratio, hole spacing, hole width, stiffener slenderness ratio, as well as stiffener thickness on the ultimate strengths are illustrated on the basis of numerous parametric studies. Comparison of strengthening efficiency shows that the continuous longitudinal stiffener is the best strengthening method for such perforated plates. The simplified formulas used for estimating the compression strengths of strengthened plates are finally proposed.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2004

사공과 백(2003)에 의하면 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 단위주면마찰력은 암반의 상태, 종류, 일축압축강도, 구속압 등으로부터 영향을 받는 것으로 알려졌다. 또한 그들이 제안한 Hoek-Brown 공식을 변형한 암반근입부의 단위주면 마찰력 산정공식은 적절한 단위주면마찰력 값을 산정하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 단위주면마찰력 산정에 있어 말뚝의 크기효과를 고려하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 말뚝의 크기효과로 인한 단위주면마찰력의 영향을 조사하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 기존의 Hoek-Brown 공식을 변형한 식에 경험적인 암석의 일축압축강도에 대한 크기효과를 나타내는 식을 대입하여 결정되었다. 또한, 기존 논문에 보고된 말뚝재하실험 결과 중 12개의 실측치와 말뚝의 크기효과를 고려한 식을 통하여 계산된 단위주면마찰력의 예측치를 비교하였다. 비록 충분치 않은 지반조건이 기술되어 있는 상황이지만, 본 연구에서 제안하는 크기효과를 고려한 단위주면마찰력의 산정공식은 실측치와 근사한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 지반의 지질강도정수(GSI), 구속압, 일축압축강도, 말뚝의 직경에 대한 매개변수실험 결과 일축압축강도가 주면마찰력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝의 크기는 상대적으로 그에 비해 적은 것으로 나타났으나 말뚝의 크기효과는 암반의 상태가 양호할수록 더욱 큰 것으로 관측되었다.

• Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-88
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• 1995

The paper attempts to estimate the incubation time of a cavity in the interface between a power law creep particle and an elastic matrix subjected to a uniaxial stress. Since the power law creep particle is time dependent, the stresses in the interface relax. Through previous stress analysis related to the present physical model, the relaxation time is defined by ${\alpha}$2 which satisfies the equation $\Gamma$0 ｜1+${\alpha}$2k｜m=1-${\alpha}$2 [19]. $\Gamma$0=2(1/√3)1+m($\sigma$$\infty$/2${\mu}$)m($\sigma$0/$\sigma$$\infty$tm) where $\sigma$$\infty$ is an applied stress, ${\mu}$ is a shear modulus of a matrix, $\sigma$$\infty$ is a material constant of a power law particle, $\sigma$=$\sigma$0 $\varepsilon$ and t elapsed time. the volume free energy associated with Helmholtz free energy includes strain energies associated with Helmholtz free energy includes strain energies caused by applied stress anddislocations piled up in interface (DPI). The energy due to DPI is found by modifying the results of Dundurs and Mura[20]. The volume free energies caused by both applied stress and DPI are a function of the cavity size(${\gamma}$) and elapsed time(t) and arise from stress relaxation in the interface. Critical radius ${\gamma}$ and incubation time t to maximize Helmholtz free energy is found in present analysis. Also, kinetics of cavity fourmation are investigated using the results obtained by Riede[16]. The incubation time is defied in the analysis as the time required to satisfy both the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions. Through the analysis it is found that [1] strain energy caused by the applied stress does not contribute significantly to the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of a cavity formation, 2) in order to satisfy both thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, critical radius ${\gamma}$ decreases or holds constant with increase of time until the kinetic condition(eq.40) is satisfied. Therefore the cavity may not grow right after it is formed, as postulated by Harris[11], and Ishida and Mclean[12], 3) the effects of strain rate exponent (m), material constant $\sigma$0, volume fraction of the particle to matrix(f) and particle size on the incubation time are estimated using material constants of the copper as matrix.