• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of forward head posture (FHP) and round shoulder posture (RSP) on changes in muscle activities according to shoulder flexion and abduction tasks. Methods: Twenty-two male subjects with no history of neurological, musculoskeletal surgery or injuries, or pain in the spine region within the previous 3-month periods were recruited for this study. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) and Scapula Index were measured before performing 90° abduction and flexion tasks holding a 3kg dumbbell. Muscle activities were measured during the tasks. All measurements except height of the acromion were carried out in a sitting position at the height of the subject's knee angle of 90 degrees, and two tasks were randomly performed with the arm that the subject mainly use to throw the ball. The abduction and flexion angles were checked by the examiner using a goniometer beside the subject. Results: Correlation coefficient analysis between Scapular Index and upper trapezius muscle activity during shoulder abduction task showed significant positive correlation. No significant correlation was observed between CVA, Scapular Index, and other muscle activities. Conclusion: FHP showed increased muscle activation, making it difficult to change muscle activity under lower loads, and RSP was correlated with UT activation in shoulder abduction. Therefore, in the RSP, the loaded shoulder abduction is considered a potential risk factor for increasing shoulder muscle tension. This paper proposes an approach to treating RSP before FHP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.271-284
• /
• 2021

This study presents the educational utility of blended learning by analyzing the effectiveness of learning after class by blending team project learning and smart device app-based learning methods. Qualitative analysis and survey analysis were conducted and the results were as follows. First, team project activities based on task resolution were conducted freely through detailed activities such as sharing roles, planning meetings, and coordinating opinions. Team activities were carried out with respect and consideration, team member bonding, and a sense of responsibility. Second, the smart device app is recognized as a medium for work and communication, and fast feedback has been made, making it highly impactful on classroom activities. Third, in terms of learning satisfaction, most learners showed an interest in the course and were satisfied with the project results. The smart device app was used as a learning and communication medium for personal and team activities and was analyzed as a blended method applicable to classes that conduct practical activities as an efficient tool to further activate project activities.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.227-241
• /
• 2000

This study investigated the effectiveness of mathematical activities based on picture books for the development of children's problem-solving performance. Subjects were 72 children divided in two groups of 36 each; one group had mathematical activities based on picture books and the other group had of pencil-and-paper tasks. The problem-solving performance was measured in terms of the test by Ward(1993) with a few modification for pretest and posttest. Mathematical activities were performed 12 times over a 6 week period. The data was analyzed by Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA). The group taught by picture books significantly improved mathematical problem-solving performance.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.7-25
• /
• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dual-task training on stroke patients. Methods : We searched the databases such as NDSL, RISS, PubMed, CoChrane and EMBASE for publications in the past decade. Finally, 10 papers were selected. Qualitative assessment was performed according to the traditional single-layer evidence model, and meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0 program. Results : The quality level of each of the 10 selected papers all correspond to I and II in the traditional single-layer evidence model. The motor tasks that constitute dual-task training comprised walking or balancing tasks in 7 articles and the motor tasks related to upper extremity were selected in 3 studies. The effect sizes for ADL function and Cognitive function were 0.65 and 0.64 (medium size effect) respectively. Moreover, the effect sizes of Lower extremity and Upper extremity motor function were 0.34 and 0.22 (small size effect) respectively. The effect size of ADL function and Cognitive function were statistically significant p<0.05). Conclusion : This study confirmed that dual-ask training can be a useful intervention technique for recovering a stroke patient's ability to perform daily activities and cognitive functions. This could be used as a helpful data when selecting appropriate intervention for stroke patients in the clinical setting.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.399-426
• /
• 1998

This article describers the field testing of the task-centered case management model for practice with the elderly clients in the community. Six social workers in three community center applied task centered. model to 12 elderly in community. The model tested in the field trial led to positive results. The results of task completion and problem change indicate that including elderly clients in all steps from identifying problems to suggesting and implementing tasks are important. Target problems and tasks which clients indicate gained high accomplishment. Task-centered interventions provided an intensive period of service that helped clients work on immediate problems. Moreover, they helped clients actively participate in decision making processes and in problem solving activities. Although the task centered approach is a short tenn intervention, the analysis of the field trial suggests that it can be integrated with an approach that is a long tenn in nature through re contract for different problems or unresolved problems. Several suggestion can be made to apply task-centered model for elderly in Korea. First, since one social worker handles over 60 cases, this approach can be used more effectively for new case or the elderly who needs intensive help. Second, preparing and sharing contract with client should be encouraged to help both client and social workers. Also until the social workers are familiar with this approach, there should be an intensive supervision to monitor their activities. Third, it is important to make task planner for Social workers who is working with elderly in community. Task planner is the guide line books to show steps to solve similar problems. Fourth, more efforts should be made to make resource directory in the community as well as in Korea. Fifth, case managers who handle family problems and other personal conflicts should be more trained to be confident to deal with these problems.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.85-104
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tasks developed through task development activities with emphasis on mathematical connectivity, and to provide implications for teacher education to enhance teacher's competence. For this purpose, I analyzed the task developed by 52 pre-teachers through the activities. As a result, they combined mathematics with 'other subjects', 'mathematics', 'phenomenon', 'technology' and 'real life'. And they also made various internal connections of 'Different representation', 'Part-whole relationship', 'Implication', 'Procedure', and 'Instruction-oriented connection'. From the point of view of teacher knowledge, the study revealed that CCK and SCK were positive in terms of 'logical' and 'expression', and KCT as 'strategic' was meaningful but disappointing in diversity; however in terms of 'level', the KCS was limited due to tasks that did not meet the level of students. As such, this analysis reveals that teachers continue to struggle with understanding students' level, but exhibit little difficulty with 'logic', 'expression' and 'strategy. This being the case, teacher education needs to place additional emphasis in understanding students' levels and planning corresponding activities.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2012

Knowledge management system is crucial for increasing organizational performance. However, despite this importance of knowledge management system, many companies fail to facilitate individual employees' knowledge sharing. One of reasons for this failure is the lack of consideration of how individual employees' characteristics and their interpersonal relationship influence on individual-level knowledge sharing. To explain individual-level knowledge sharing, this study investigates the mechanism that employees engage in knowledge sharing activities with their coworkers from the social exchange perspective. We have two purposes of study. First, we examine whether coworker's task-related help seeking affects employee's knowledge sharing with them. Second, we investigate the influence of help-seeker' characteristics as moderators on the relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing. Specifically, we considered coworker's maladjustment, LMX, and ability as moderators. Our analysis of 192 employees shows that the main effect of coworker's task-related help seeking on knowledge sharing is not significant. However, coworker's maladjustment and LMX moderate the relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing. The positive relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing is stronger when help seeker's maladjustment is high than when it is low. And the positive relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing is weaker when help seeker's LMX is high than when LMX is low. The results of this study have theoretical implications that enrich our understanding of individual-level knowledge sharing, and managerial implications that suggest employees' appropriate attitudes to facilitate knowledge sharing in a coworker relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.123-140
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine financial management practices in elementary school foodservices. Respondents were asked to provide information on demographics, operational characteristics, financial management activities(responsibility, importance and time demand). Data were collected from 106 elementary school foodservice using the mail questionnaire. The results were as follows 1. Time demand of 14 financial management activities was examined. The results of time-demand showed that most financial activities were performed about once per month. Reporting, inventory checking and production cost accounting were performed several times per week. 2. Major financial management activities performed by school dietitians were inventory checking, record keeping, production cost accounting, and foodservice operation planning. 3. Results of the importance rating of 14 financial management activities showed that the production cost accounting, budgeting, controlling meal costs, reporting the national treasury accounts, and inventory checking were rated as very important(4.00-4.49). Factor analysis was conducted on the importance ratings. Five activities were differentiated such as budgeting, record keeping, cost controlling, cost accounting, and reporting. The cost controlling task was identified at the most important one among them. 4. Important ratings for reporting were found to be significantly different by age, and years of experience. The younger and the less experienced were responded with higher scores on reporting. Analysis of variance for the importance scales by meal costs per one person, food cost percentage, labor cost percentage was conducted, but significant differences were not founded.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.197-216
• /
• 2022

Purpose In this study, in order to understand the effects of NTIS users' behavioral scientific behaviors and determinants, an integrated model of the UTAUT(Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model and TTF(Task-Technology Fit) model, which are frequently used MIS field, was presented and empirical analysis was conducted. Design/methodology/approach In this study, an online survey was conducted on researchers from organizations carrying out national R&D projects, institutions, universities, and dedicated management institutions and the collected data verified hypotheses established using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package and structural equation model using AMOS. Findings The results showed that NTIS users' business activities had a positive(+) effect on task-technology fit and task-technology fit had a positive(+) effect on performance expectation, effort expectation, and continuous intention-to-use intention. In addition, the performance expectation, effort expectation, and promotion conditions presented in research model had a positive(+) effect on the continuous intention-to-use. The research results derived through this study are expected to contribute substantially to subsequent research in the field related to information sharing platforms.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2023

This study conducted and evaluated the PBL-based team activity classes in contact and untact learning. Appropriate subject (Engineering communication) was also selected and evaluation methods were improved. In the qualitative evaluation results, in contact learning, similar score ranges were formed for each task, and the variability of scores for each task was not large. In untact learning, the difference in scores for each task was rather large, and the variability of scores for each task was large, indicating a large difference between teams that performed well and teams that did not. In the quantitative evaluation, contact learning showed a little low grades, but untact learning showed relatively high grades, but there were limitations in showing the conclusion that the untact learning effect was very good. As a result of the survey, there were more positive responses to the degree of understanding of the class conducted online, the degree of help to improve competence, and the team activity. However, if untact learning continues, it was analyzed that it is necessary to prepare appropriate measures to enhance learning effects and efficiently conduct team activities.