• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2019

Knowledge based system includes tools for constructing, testing, validating and refining the system along with user interfaces. An important issue in the design of a complete knowledge based system is the ability to produce explanations. Explanations are not just a series of rules involved in reasoning track. More detailed and explicit form of explanations is required not only for reliable reasoning but also for maintainability of the knowledge based system. This requires the explanation mechanisms to extend from knowledge oriented analysis to task oriented explanations. The explicit modeling of problem solving structures is suggested for explanation generation as well as for efficient and effective reasoning. Unlike other explanation scheme such as feedback explanation, the detailed, smaller and explicit representation of problem solving constructs can provide the system with capability of quality explanation. As a key step to development for explanation scheme, the problem solving methods are broken down into a finer grained problem solving primitives. The system records all the steps with problem solving primitives and knowledge involved in the reasoning. These are used to validate the conclusion of the consultation through explanations. The system provides user interfaces and uses specific templates for generating explanation text.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the patterns of elementary school teachers' explanations and the patterns of students' questions types on scientific phenomena. for the purposes of this study, we collected questions related to scientific phenomena from 255 $3rd{\sim}6th$ students in 2 elementary schools. Classifying the students' questions collected, 20 representative questions for each type were selected. Data regarding teachers' scientific explanation from 62 teachers of 3 elementary schools were also collected. The results of the analysis of the questions for each science field show that the students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades have the most questions regarding biology, and those in the 6th grade have more questions regarding earth science. Regarding question types, object exploration questions and explican exploration questions formed the majority. Moreover, the higher the students' grades, a decrease in the number of conjectural questions and an increase in the number of causal questions were observed. As a result of the analysis of the teachers' explanation, the following explanation types could be discerned; conjecture, hypothesis, prediction, teleological explanation, information given to feed exploration questions, as well as verification and information supply fer verification purposes. There were 4 kinds of relationships between question types and explanation types. One was the explanation fitting to each question type, a second was the explanation with additional content than the question required, a third was where the explanation was inappropriate to the question, and a forth was where the teacher responded that they "don't know." This study, investigating the relationships between questioning as a scientific inquiry process and explanation, will help to promote discussion regarding science classes in elementary school.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2017

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to identify the patient's characteristics influencing patient's comprehensibleness of doctor's explanation. Methods: This study was conducted as a secondary data analysis using the raw data of The 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI) conducted in 2015. The survey sampled 22,948 adults, and 4,469 of them were included in this analysis. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the patient's characteristics influencing patient's comprehensibleness of doctor's explanation. Results: The patient's comprehensibleness of doctor's explanation were more higher as age (t=5.65, p<.001), female (t=4.40, p<.001), subjective good health status (t=3.48, p=.001) were higher. On the other hand, the patient's comprehensibleness of doctor's explanation were more higher education level (t=-6.80, p<.001), not-recent outpatient experience (t=-6.04, p<.001), pain/discomfort (t=-2.64, p=.008), anxiety/depression (t=-2.58, p=.010) were lower. Conclusion:It is necessary to be provided the patients who are higher education level, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression with applying the doctor's detailed explanation and intervention programs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.683-695
• /
• 2002

In this study, we analyzed types of explanation on osmosis concept that were represented in chemistry and biology textbooks of high school and college. There were 5 types of explanation on osmosis concept. The types of explanation were diffusion of solvent, collision, hydration, equilibrium of concentration and screen of holes. Last two types of explanation were classified into misconceptions. The various types of explanation on osmosis concept might cause to have be a reason that students had many misconceptions and to feel difficult to learn about osmosis concept. Many of textbooks is accord to types of concept explanation and figure explanation on osmosis but some is not.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop and validate Eating Behaviors Test form (EBT) for infants and young children, including eating behaviors of their parents and parental feeding practices. Methods: Draft version of EBT form was developed after a pretest on 83 mothers. It was consisted of 42 questions including 3 components; eating behavior of children, eating behavior of parents, and parental feeding practices. Using these questionnaires, the first survey was conducted on 320 infants and children, 1 to 6 year old, for exploratory factor analysis, and the second survey was collected on 731 infants and children for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on 42 questions of EBT form resulted in 3 factor model for children's eating behavior, 3 factor model for parents' eating behavior, and 1 factor model for parental feeding practices. Three factors for children's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1, pickiness (reliability ${\alpha}=0.89$; explanation of variance=27.79), factor 2, over activity (${\alpha}=0.80$, explanation of variance=16.51), and factor 3, irregularity (${\alpha}=0.59$, explanation of variance=10.01). Three factors for mother's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1,irregularities (${\alpha}=0.73$, explanation of variance=21.73), factor 2, pickiness (${\alpha}=0.65$, explanation of variance= 20.16), and factor 3, permissiveness (${\alpha}=0.60$, explanation of variance=19.13). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an acceptance fit for these models. Internal consistencies for these factors were above 0.6. Conclusions: Our results indicated that EBT form is a valid tool to measure comprehensive eating and feeding behaviors for infants and young children.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.62-72
• /
• 2009

In this study, entropy definition and explanation in twelve general chemistry textbooks published in USA including what Korean universities select are analyzed. Analysis consists of two parts. One is diachronic analysis which focuses on the change between editions of same authors and the other is contents analysis composed of three sections‐ disorder in entropy definition and explanation, microstates number in entropy definition and explanation, possibility of alternative conception in learning statistical entropy and thermal entropy. As a result, the definition that entropy is the measure of disorder is denied and explanation using microstates number is introduced. Also, caution for the possibility of alternative conception that there are two different entropies is found. Reflecting the change in entropy explanation on new chemistry curriculum and reeducating teachers are meaningful on improvement of Korean chemistry education.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.61-78
• /
• 2007

A method for poll analysis using information theory and data visualization is proposed in this paper. Questions of opinion poll consist of a target variable and many explanation variables. The type of explanation variables is either numerical or categorical. In this study, explanation variables of mixed types have been ranked according to the magnitude of their effect on target variable by using mutual information. Likewise, the order of explanation variables has been evaluated using data visualization. This is the first study to quantify the impact of specific explanation variable on the related target variable.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2005

This paper attempted to investigate not only the correlativity of land price and residential environment elements but also the effect that the residential environment elements influence on the land price, focusing on the Suyoung-Gu and Haeundae-Gu which are representative residential and waterfront area in Pusan. For this purpose, regression analysis and correlation analysis as the residential environment elements in independent variable and the land price in dependent variable were carried out. First of all, from the correlation analysis between the land price and the residential environment elements, it become clear that the variables such as the land use, the distance to arterial road and, the distance to subway station have high correlativity with land price in all the research area. Then from the individual power of explanation and accumulative power of explanation of the each variable to the land price through the regression analysis, it was become clear that 7 variables which are the land use, the distance to trunk road, the distance to subway station etc. have 67% of the power of explanation to land price at the Suyoung-Gu, and 50.5% at the Haeundae-Gu. Moreover, researchers had an special interest in the correlativity between the distance to the coastal line and land price as well as the power of explanation of the distance to the coastal line for the land price. It means that researchers expected the variable of the distance to the coastal line have a strong correlativity and high power of explanation for land price. However, from the regression analysis and correlation analysis, it was become clear that the variable of the distance to the coastal line have a weak correlativity, and low power of explanation which is just form 6.4% to 7.6% in all the research area. In other words, it might be said that the variable of the distance to the coastal line is not so important one to presume the land price.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 1999

The optimum drive control method have to be developed to exhibit the use object contributed trust, accuracy, amenity and energy save of product. To develop the optimum drive control method is, first, grasped the static characteristics for the entire system combined each element which consists the machine and performed the dynamic characteristics explanation based on the satisfied result which acquires at the static characteristics explanation. According to this explanation, the response of the system shows same characteristics tendency and the increasing same quantify comparing to response change of each element. So the dynamic response of the entire system shows different. Therefore this study performs the static and the dynamic characteristic explanation of entire system and each element for using air-conditioning system of solar energy based on the performed result from now on, so for application of this result.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.116-125
• /
• 2017

Background: Spinal pain is most common symptom in pain clinic. In most cases, before the treatment of spinal pain, physician explains the patient's disease and treatment. We investigated patient's satisfaction and physician's explanation related to treatments in spinal pain patients by questionnaires. Methods: Anonymous questionnaires about physician's explanation and patient's satisfaction in each treatment and post-treatment management were asked to individuals suffering from spinal pain. Patients who have spinal pain were participated in our survey of nationwide university hospitals in Korea. The relationships between patient's satisfaction and other factors were analyzed. Results: Between June 2016 and August 2016, 1007 patients in 37 university hospitals completed the questionnaire. In the statistical analysis, patient's satisfaction of treatment increased when pain severity was low or received sufficient preceding explanation about nerve block and medication (P < 0.01). Sufficient explanation increased patient's necessity of a post-treatment management and patients' performance rate of post-treatment management (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results show that sufficient explanation increased patients' satisfaction after nerve block and medication. Sufficient explanation also increased the practice of patients' post-treatment management.