• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.13-29
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• 2023

Urban parks are social infrastructure supporting citizens' health, quality of life, and community formation. As the proportion of urban parks that have been established for more than 20 years is increasing, the need for refurbishment to improve the physical space environment and enhance the functions of aging urban parks is increasing. Since the government's refurbishment of aging urban parks has limitations in securing financial resources and promoting attractiveness, they must be promoted through public-private partnerships. Japan, which suffered from the problem of aging urban parks, has successfully promoted several park refurbishment projects by introducing the Park-PFI through the revision of the 「Urban Park Act」 in 2017. This study examines and analyzes the characteristics of the Japan Park-PFI as an alternative to improving the quality of aging domestic urban park services through public-private partnerships and the validity of the aging urban park refurbishment projects through Park-PFI. The main findings are as follows. First, it is necessary to start discussions on introducing Japan's Park-PFI according to the domestic conditions as a means of public-private partnership to improve the service quality and diversify the functions of aging urban parks. In order to introduce Park-PFI social discussions and follow-up studies on the deterioration of urban parks. Must be conducted. The installation of private capital and profit facilities and improvements of related regulations, such as the 「Parks and Green Spaces Act」 and the 「Public Property Act」, is required. Second, it is judged that the Park-PFI project is a policy alternative that can enhance the benefits to citizens, local governments, and private operators under the premise that the need to refurbish aging urban parks is high and the location is suitable for promoting the project. As a result of a pilot application of the Park-PFI project to Seyeong Park, an aging urban park located in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, it was analyzed to be profitable in terms of the profitability index (PI), net present value (FNPV), and internal rate of return (FIRR). It is considered possible to participate in the business sector. At the local government level, private capital is used to improve the physical space environment of aging urban parks, as well as the refurbishment of the urban parks by utilizing financial resources generated by returning a portion of the facility usage fees and profits (0.5% of annual sales) of private operators. It was found that management budgets could be secured.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1141-1155
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• 2013

A number of studies have been performed to analyze climate change impacts of water resources system. In this study, a coordinated dam operation is compared with an existing operation strategy for coping with projected future runoff scenarios. GCMs (Global Circulation Models) and the LARS-WG downscaling method was used to project future climate scenarios. The water balance model called abcd was employed to estimate future runoff scenarios. The existing dam operation comes from the national dam construction guideline, which is called the "level-operation method." The alternative coordinated dam operation are constructed as a linear programming using New York City rule for refill and drawdown seasons. The results of annual total inflow in future is projected to decrease to 72.81% for Andong dam basin and 65.65% for Imha dam basin. As a result of applying future runoff scenarios into the dam operation model, the reliability of coordinated dam operation, 62.22%, is higher than the reliability of single dam operation, 46.55%. Especially, the difference gets larger as the reliability is low because of lack of water. Therefore, the coordinated operation in the Andong & Imha dams are identified as more appropriate alternative than the existing single operation to respond to water-level change caused by climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.119-141
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• 2014

To enhance its efficiency to improve organizations' competitiveness, performance evaluation is vital and it influences budget, policies, and human resource affairs of the organizations. The study aims to develop performance indicators for National Library of Korea (NLK) and evaluate performance based on indicators driven. As a result, the study develops 2 viewpoints for each work area of NLK - management of information system, digital resources enlargement, and the cooperative utilization system for alternative materials. It also develops total 12 indicators. Based on the evaluation;the research finally suggests strategies for performance improvement by viewpoints for NLK.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2014

Fuel cell technology is the most representative area of alternative energy field on vehicle industry according to the limitation of petroleum resources. In recent years, the technology of fuel cell vehicles has made rapid progress, Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) reached to mass production of the Tucson ix hydrogen fuel cell vehicles first in the world. In addition, HMC is accelerating the development of hydrogen fuel cell buses, which have a number of advantages for hydrogen infrastructure and mass transport personnel. In this study, we examined potential of the commercialization through the demonstration of hydrogen fuel cell buses. As a result, we identified that the mass-production possibility of FCB has high potential and HMC's technology will lead to fuel cell bus industry.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.587-596
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• 2011

The interest in hydrological modeling has increased significantly recently due to the necessity of watershed management, specifically in regards to lumped models, which are being prosperously utilized because of their relatively uncomplicated algorithms which require less simulation time. However, lumped models require empirical coefficients for hydrological analyses, which do not take into consideration the heterogeneity of site-specific characteristics. To overcome such obstacles, a distributed model was offered as an alternative and the number of researches related to watershed management and distributed models has been steadily increasing in the recent years. Thus, in this study, the feasibility of a grid-based rainfall-runoff model was reviewed using the flood runoff process in the Han River basin, including the ChungjuDam, HoengseongDam and SoyangDam watersheds. Hydrological parameters based on GIS/RS were extracted from basic GIS data such as DEM, land cover, soil map and rainfall depth. The accuracy of the runoff analysis for the model application was evaluated using EFF, NRMSE and QER. The calculation results showed that there was a good agreement with the observed data. Besides the ungauged spatial characteristics in the SoyangDam watershed, EFF showed a good result of 0.859.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2010

The large amount of tissue culture medium (TCM), which contains some of the active secretory components of Korean wild ginseng (KWG; Panax ginseng) such as saponins, is usually discarded after harvest of KWG. The present study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral administration of the TCM-KWG on growth performance and diseases resistance in broiler chickens. A day old broiler chickens randomized in 6 groups (n = 60/groups) were administered orally with 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mL/L TCMKWG through drinking water for 5 weeks and examined the change of weight gain, feed intake and blood components. Also, five weeks old broiler chickens (n = 15/groups) were challenged orally with Salmonella (S.) gallinarum and investigated the mortality in broiler chickens. An average weight gain and feed intake significantly didn't change in TCM-KWG administration groups as compared to control group. The concentration of calcium (Ca), phosphate (Pi) and potassium (K) in serum were increase by TCM-KWG administration in broiler chickens. We also found that oral administration of TCM-KWG through drinking water significantly reduced the mortality in broiler chickens experimentally infected with virulent S. gallinarum. The results of this study indicated that TCM-KWG administration may elevate the resistance on disease and improved the skeleton formation and body homeostasis of chickens, and TCM-KWG can be used as a cost-effective and environmentally alternative additives to control of the disease and growth.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Waste can be utilized as secondary or alternative fuel. Solid recovered fuel (SRF) and dried sewage sludge were combusted to investigate heavy metal emissions from their combusiton in this study. Content of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) of coal, SRF and dried sewage sludge were determined, respectively. Concentrations of these heavy metals in the combustion flue gas were also determined. As a result, emissions of gas-phase Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb and As compounds were found to be little. However, a significant amount of gas-phase Hg was emitted from combustion of coal, SRF and dried sewage sludge. While SRF showed a high mercury oxidation percentage in its combustion flue gas, dried sewage sludge showed a high level of gaseous mercury emission.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.457-462
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• 2008

Lactococcus lactis NK34, isolated from jeotgal (Korean traditional fermented fish), produces bacteriocin against bovine mastitis pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus 7, S. aureus 8, Staphylococcus chromogenes 10, S. chromogenes 19, Staphylococcus hominis 9, Streptococcus uberis E290, Enterococcus faecium E372, Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 13813, Pseudonocardia autotrophia KCTC 9455, and Staphylococcus simulans 78. Lacticin NK34 was inactivated by protease XIV but not by protease IX, protease XIII, proteinase K, $\acute{a}$-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and pepsin. Also, lacticin NK34 was stable over a pH range of 2 to 9 for 4 hr and withstood exposure to temperatures of 30-$100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Lacticin NK34 showed bactericidal effects against S. simulans 78. This bacteriocin was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and hydrophobic chromatography. Tricin-SDS-PAGE of purified bacteriocin gave the same molecular weight (3.5 kDa) as nisin. The gene encoding this bacteriocin was amplified by PCR using nisin gene-specific primers. It showed similar sequences to this nisin Z gene. These results indicate that lacticin NK34 is a nisin-like bacteriocin, and could be used as an antimicrobial alternative for livestock.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.33-47
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• 2019

The environmental ecological flow (EEF) of stream or river will be designated according to the enforcement of the Water Environment Preservation Act. Previous researches by Ministry of Environment have proposed agricultural reservoirs as alternative resources to secure river flow where multi-purpose dam does not exist. However, agricultural reservoirs are constructed for the supply of agricultural water, and in fact, there is not a sufficient amount of water to be supplied to rivers as EEF. Therefore, this study examines the economic feasibility of securing EEF through the remodeling or construction of agricultural reservoirs. We investigated water balance of reservoir through simulation of three types of water supply demands such as agricultural water, agricultural water and river maintenance flow, and agricultural water and environmental ecology flow. The economics analysis was conducted on water supply demands and corresponding remodeling or construction of reservoirs. As a result, it was found that the method of securing through heightening existing reservoir enhancement is economically feasible. However, it was not possible to secure all the amount of the EEF due to the size limitation of existing reservoirs or constrain of the watershed for newly built reservoir. Therefore, in order to secure all of the EEF, the utilization of other alternatives as well as agricultural reservoirs should be considered. This study demonstrated the method of economical feasibility study of securing river maintenace flow and EEF using agricultural reservoirs and other considerations.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.101-114
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• 2021

Junior Ranger is a self-directed interpretation program for young visitors at national parks in the United States. The success of this program can be largely attributed to the role of an activity book which is given an applicant free of charge at a visitor center. This study aims to analyze the main characteristics of activity books for 14 national parks' Junior Ranger and to draw some implications for Korean geomorphological education. Although the activity books are varied in size, volume and printing, all of them offer diverse activities which are composed of different contents related to park resources in four fields and are performed in different ways such as Q&A, picture and word game, and creative activity. The time-consuming activities including attendance at a ranger-led program prevent the participant from making a superficial visit to be a junior ranger. The implications of the study are as follows: Firstly, the geomorphological education for children is needed to be strongly based on field experience learning and to be more carried out using a way of game rather than conventional Q&A, suggesting that it encourages students not to lose their interest for learning. Secondly, it is also necessary for the learning contents to be focused on various resources related to landform as well as landform itself. In addition, a creative activity such as writing verse or drawing feeling should be more applied to the geomorphological education in order to enhance their effects on affective domain beyond cognitive one. It is likely to be an alternative approach to understand landform by internalizing a sense of landform.