• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.324-332
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• 1998

The grain growth characteristics of dual-phase (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$) containing high Cr-steel have investigate using ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-single phases and (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$)dual-phase of 12%Cr Steel. The heat treatment has performed at $1000-1200^{\circ}C$ for 1-100hr. The results are as follows : 1) The grain growth rate in (${\alpha}+{\gamma}$) dual phase was substantially slower than that of single grain. 2) The relation between mean grain radius $\bar{{\gamma}}$ and annealing time t is, in general, described as following equation : $$(\bar{{\gamma}})^n-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^n=K_n{\cdot}t{\cdots}{\cdots}(1)$$ i) In the case of single phase of high Cr steel, Eq.(1) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^2-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^2=K_2{\cdot}t$ and the grain growth is controlled by boundary migration. ii) In dual phase, the grain growth needs diffusion of alloying elements because the chemical composition of ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$- phases differs from each other. When the volume fraction of ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-phase was almost equal and ${\gamma}$-phase in the case of 80 and $90%{\gamma}$. Eq.(1) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^3-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^3=K_3{\cdot}t$ because the grain growth is controlled by volume diffusion iii) In the case of ${\gamma}$-rich phase (80 and $90%{\gamma}$), the grain growth of minor phase (10 and $20%{\alpha}$) is described as $(\bar{{\gamma}})^4-(\bar{{\gamma}_o})^4=K_4{\cdot}t$ because the boundary diffusion is predominent rather than volume diffusion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.2692-2694
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• 2010

• 대한수학회보
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.527-541
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• 2001

We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the smash product algebra structure and the crossed coproduct coalgebra structure with th dual cocycle $\alpha$ to afford a Hopf algebra (A equation,※See Full-text). If B and H are finite algebra and Hopf algebra, respectively, then the linear dual (※See Full-text) is also a Hopf algebra. We show that the weak coaction admissible mapping system characterizes the new Hopf algebras (※See Full-text).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1979-1982
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• 2012

Oxime ethers of ${\beta}$-oxo-${\gamma}$-phenylbutanoic acids were prepared to develop more effective PPAR ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ dual agonists. Among them, compound 11k exhibited potent $in$ $vitro$ activities with $EC_{50}$ of 2.5 nM and 3.3 nM in PPAR ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$, respectively. It showed better glucose lowering effects than rosiglitazone 1 and improved the lipid profile like plasma triglyceride in db/db mice model.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권5_6호
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• pp.835-852
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• 2013

In this paper, we have considered a class of constrained non-smooth multiobjective fractional programming problem involving support functions under generalized convexity. Also, second order Mond Weir type dual and Schaible type dual are discussed and various weak, strong and strict converse duality results are derived under generalized class of second order (F, ${\alpha}$, ${\rho}$, $d$)-V-type I functions. Also, we have illustrated through non-trivial examples that class of second order (F, ${\alpha}$, ${\rho}$, $d$)-V-type I functions extends the definitions of generalized convexity appeared in the literature.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

표면오염도 측정용 검출소재로 주로 이용되고 있는 알파와 베타선의 동시 측정용 이중섬광체 검출소재를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 열용융 공정이 아닌, 고분자 소재를 용매로 녹여서 검출소재를 제조하는 용매법을 이용함으로써 제조공정을 단순화하였다. 베타선 측정용 플라스틱 섬광체는 유기섬광체, 고분자, 그리고 용매가 혼합된 용액을 도말한 후에 고형화하여 제조하였다. ZnS(Ag) 섬광체는 플라스틱 섬광체 위에 ZnS(Ag), 접착소재, 그리고 용매가 혼합된 용액을 스크린 프린팅 방법으로 도포하여 제조하였다. 제조한 이중섬광체의 알파선과 베타선에 대한 방사능 검출 성능을 평가한 결과 우수한 검출 성능을 확인하였으며, 표염오염도 측정용 소재로 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8019-8026
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• 2014

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene is a gene known to be a tumor suppressor, although recent data suggest that it has a dual function in tumorigenesis. It was initially discovered in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in which a t(15; 17) chromosomal translocation fused it to the retinoic acid receptor alpha ($RAR{\alpha}$). It has been shown to be involved in various types of cancer. It has at least 6 nuclear isoforms and a cytoplasmic type with different characteristics. Its multiple functions in growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, replicative senescence, inhibition of oncogenic transformation, and suppression of migration and angiogenesis have made it a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. However, its dual role in the process of tumorigenesis has made this field challenging. In this review, we discuss PML structure, functions and expression in tumors.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.271-289
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• 2018

Let 0 < q < ${\infty}$. In this study, we introduce the spaces ${\mathcal{BV}}_q$ and ${\mathcal{LS}}_q$ of q-bounded variation double sequences and q-summable double series as the domain of four-dimensional backward difference matrix ${\Delta}$ and summation matrix S in the space ${\mathcal{L}}_q$ of absolutely q-summable double sequences, respectively. Also, we determine their ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}-duals$ and give the characterizations of some classes of four-dimensional matrix transformations in the case 0 < q ${\leq}$ 1.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.945-955
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• 2004

In this paper, we establish a number system in $R^n$ which arises from a Haar wavelet basis in connection with decompositions of certain Cuntz algebra representations on $L^2$( $R^n$). Number systems in $R^n$ are also of independent interest [9]. We study radix-representations of $\chi$ $\in$ $R^n$: $\chi$:$\alpha$$_{ι}$ $\alpha$$_{ι-1}$…$\alpha$$_1$$\alpha$$_{0}$ ㆍ$\alpha$$_{-1}$ $\alpha$$_{-2}$ … as $\chi$= $M^{ι}$$\alpha$$_{ι}$ $\alpha$＋…M$\alpha$$_1$＋$\alpha$$_{0}$ ＋ $M^{-1}$ $\alpha$$_{-1}$ ＋ $M^{-2}$ $\alpha$$_{-2}$ ＋… where each $\alpha$$_{k}$ $\in$ D, and D is some specified digit set. Our analysis uses iteration techniques of a number-theoretic flavor. The view-point is a dual one which we term fractals in the large vs. fractals in the small,illustrating the number theory of integral lattice points vs. fractions.s vs. fractions.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2005

The effects of Mn and Cr on the crystallization behaviors of Fe-bearing intennetallics in A356 alloy were studied. Coarse and acicular ${\beta}-Al_{5}$FeSi phase in A356-0.20wt.%Fe alloy was modified into small ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si and ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Cr)Si phases in response to Mn and Cr addition, respectively. Increasing of Mn addition amount elevates the crystallizing temperature of ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si and the Mn/Fe ratio in the ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si. Cr is more effective to modify ${\beta}-Al_{5}$FeSi in comparison with Mn. ${\alpha}$-Al(Fe,Mn)Si phase had BCC/SC dual structure.