• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.8-16
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• 2003

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)(PTT) fiber was pretreated with organic solvent/water solution of various compositions. The organic solvents used in this experiment were benzyl alcohol, n-buthanol, and N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF). Density of the fibers were investigated as a measure of crystallite region. The dye uptake increased in the order of pretreatment with hot water < untreated < 5% benzyl alcohol < 100% benzyl alcohol < 90% benzyl alcohol; hot water < untreated $\risingdotseq$ 5% butanol < 100% beutanol < 90% butanol; hot water $\risingdotseq$ 5% DMF < untreated < 90% DMF < 100% DMF. The dye uptake increases with increase of crystallinity. It seems likely that the recrystallization process during the pretreatment with organic solvent/water solutions leads to an increase in the microvoid and then a large increase in the dye uptake. Also the dyeing rate increased and the dyeing transition temperature decreased with the pretreatments. The results obtained are corresponds with the plasticization of the fiber structure formed during the pretreatrnent.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 1992

Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by excruciating paroxysms of pain in lips, gums, cheek, or chin, and very rarely, in the distribution of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. There are many treatments of trigeminal neuralgia, such as, medical treatment, electrical stimulation, radiation therapy and ablative procedures. Infraorbital nerve block with pure ethyl alcohol is an ablation procedure for trigeminal neuralgia. We injected pure ethyl alcohol into the infraorbital foramen for pain control. The results were as follows; 1) The infraorbital nerve block with pure alcohol was an a simple and an effective method. 2) Complication, included a mild sensory deficit and mild edema over the infraorbital area.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 1971

The histological structures of Buxus koreana were studied by cross section and compared with those of Buxus koreana var. elongata, B. koreana var. insularis, B. microphylla subsp. sinica (Taiwan) and B. liukiuensis(Okinawa). Many different points showed that B. koreana var. insularis is similar to B. microphylla subsp. sinica while B. koreana to B. liukiuensis. The extracts of Buxus koreana by three solvents are as follows: ether ext. 3.34%, dilute alcohol ext. 16.98%, water ext. 11.67%. The total alkaloid of Buxus koreana is approximately 0.01%. The general pharmacological effects of dilute alcohol ext. of Buxus koreana were studied and the following conclusions were obtained. Contraction of excised uterus of rabbit was augmented by treatment of dilute alcohol ext. Motility of excised intestine of rabbit was stopped for a moment and stimulated at once by treatment of dilute alcohol ext.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.192-196
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• 2002

Traditionally, aqueous extracts of Puerariae radix had been used for the treatment of alcohol-related problems. In the present study, the effect of Puerariae radix on cell proliferation and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the dentate gyrus of alcohol-intoxicated rats were investigated via 5-bromo-2' -deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, respectively. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150 ± 10 g were divided into four groups: the control group, the Puerarias radix-treated group, the alcohol-treated group, and the alcohol- and Puerariae radix-treated group. The numbers of both BrdU-positive and NADPH-d-positive cells in the dentate gyrus were inhibited significantly by alcohol administration, while Puerariae radix treatment was shown to increase those numbers. In this study, it was revealed that Puerariae radix possesses protective effect against alcohol-induced suppressed new cell formation and NOS expression in the dentate gyrus. Based on the results, it is possible that NO, which might play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, is a major target of the toxic effects of alcohol.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2011

Objectives Many studies have suggested different neurobiological findings and clinical courses in alcoholism. Recently, subtyping in alcohol dependence has become essential to overcome the heterogeneity of patients. Among several criteria of subtypes, Lesch's typology is proposed to integrate biological, social, and psychological factors. This review provides neurobiological findings and treatment-responses of alcohol dependence according to Lesch's typology. Method We searched the international published medical literature using the search terms 'Lesch's typology' and 'alcohol dependence' and using the limits 'human'. Results We identified 17 studies with subjects of alcohol dependence according to Lesch's typology. Conclusion They indicated that each subtype of Lesch's typology can have specific neurobiological factors and different clinical responses as follows. Lesch's subtype 1 is characterized by severe withdrawal symptoms and associated with elevated glutamate and homocysteine. Lesch's subtype 2 is defined by individuals who drink alcohol as self-medication for anxiety. Their craving has significant positive correlations with prolactin, leptin level, or intake-volume (vasopressin). Lesch's subtype 4 is related to cerebral dysfunction and associated with increased glutamate and left-handedness. Clinical trials showed that naltrexone was effective in Lesch's subtype 3 and 4 patients, while acamprosate was effective in the subtypes 1 and 2.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.320-325
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• 2018

Objectives: This pilot study tested the effectiveness of a brief alcohol-related intervention delivered by the social media app WeChat to teach about ethanol-induced facial flushing and increase the willingness of students who see another student flushing to suggest that he or she should reduce or stop drinking. In the context of Chinese drinking culture, it is sometimes socially difficult to refuse a drink, even when experiencing physical discomfort, such as flushing. Methods: Classrooms of students in a medical university in China were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Students in the intervention group were invited to view 3 alcohol education lessons on WeChat during a 2-week period. A pretest and posttest before and after the 2-week period assessed changes in students' willingness to intervene if they saw someone flush while drinking. Data were collected about students' alcohol use and their ratings of the lessons. Results: Mixed-design analysis of variance yielded a significant time-by-treatment interaction effect on the variable of willingness to suggest that a flushing person stop or slow down their drinking, and the change was significant between the intervention and control groups. One-way analysis of covariance yielded a significant treatment effect at the posttest, after controlling for the pretest score. Students rated the lessons above the midpoint of the scale for being informative, interesting, and useful. Conclusions: The pilot study showed that a brief alcohol-related intervention delivered by WeChat could produce a measurable positive change in the willingness of university students to suggest that a student who flushes should stop drinking. This pilot study also suggested improvements for future lessons and evaluation design.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1999

This review focused on the pharmacological treatment of alcoholism, especially alcoholism-related mental disorder. The pharmacological agent for alcoholism can be divided into the following categories : anticraving agent, aversive agent, agent to treat acute alcohol withdrawal, agent to diminish drinking by treating associated psychiatric pathology, agent to induce sobriety in intoxicated individuals. Following trends are included in new trends of pharmacological treatment of alcoholism. What are precise conditions amenable to pharmacological intervention? ; How can psychosocial and behavioral intervention be integrated with pharmacotherapy to enhance treatment outcome? ; Is the concept of "matching" specific pharmacotherapy treatment to different aspect of alcoholism more efficacious than a more generalized medicational approach to treatment? One of the most important factors for alcoholics treatment is good and proper therapeutic relationship with patients and setting up individually specialized treatment program is also important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.679-683
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• 2001

This study was purposed to compare the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and antioxidative effects of several plant extracts in the alcohol-treated rat liver. Sprague-Dawley rat weighing about 200 g were divided into the following 6 groups : normal, alcohol group and 4 different plant extracts administrated groups(Soybean sprout, Pine needle, Lentinus edodes, acanthopanacis cortex). Each plant extract was administrated orally by 200mg/kg b.w./day for 8 days before the alcohol treatment (5 g of 30% alcohol /kg b.w. by i.p.injection). All rats were sacrificed at 90 min after the alcohol treatment. The alcohol concentrations in serum of Soybean sprout and pine needle group were significantly lower than the Lentinus edodes and Acanthopanacis cortex group. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the hepatic cytosol of Soybean sprout and Pine needle group was also significantly higher than the alcohol and the other groups However, the activity of catalase seemed not to be affected, although the extract groups showed slightly higher activities of catalase than the alcohol group. These results may indicate that the extracts of Soybean sprout and Pine needle were relatvely effective on the alcohol degradation. the activity of blutathione-peroxidase and lipid peroxidaton of all of the extract groups were significantly lower than the activity of alcohol group. These results can suggest that all of the use plant extracts more or less have an antioxidative effect on the alcohol-induced oxidation and especially, extracts of Soybean sprout and Pine needle have an stimulating effect on the alcohol absorption and degradation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Galhwahyejung-tang (GHT) on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat model. Methods: Twenty SD rats were orally administrated with 40% ethanol (mL/kg) combined with GHT (50, 100, 200mg/kg) or distilled water for 2 weeks. Biochemistry in blood, malondialdehyde (MDA), total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum, liver, brain, and kidney were determined. Results: GHT treatment significantly ameliorated the alcohol-induced alteration of hepatic enzyme; especially AST and ALT. GHT treatment also ameliorated the increase of MDA in liver, ROS level in serum and brain. GHT treatment reduced the depletion of antioxidant capacity in serum and brain. Conclusion: These results that GHT has antioxidant properties explaining the relevance of clinical application and its partial mechanisms of GHT.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the factors influencing the risk of relapse in community-dwelling adults with alcohol use disorder. Methods: This study included 122 community-dwelling individuals with alcohol use disorder who were receiving outpatient treatment at a mental health treatment hospital or were enrolled in a treatment program at the Community Addition Management Center in Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from July to August 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 25.0. Results: Abstinence self-efficacy (𝛽=-.56, p<.001), social support (𝛽=-.35, p=.009), female sex (𝛽=11.29, p=.015), and a family history of alcoholism (𝛽=9.41, p=.026) were significant predictors of relapse risk, accounting for 56% of the variance (F=12.68, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that abstinence self-efficacy and social support are pivotal in reducing risk of relapse in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Therefore, relevant and effective interventions focusing on enhancing abstinence self-efficacy and social support are required.