• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.431-441
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• 2022

Many new challenges in different sectors have emerged due to societal growth, and researchers are needed to help solve them; and Google Scholar is a tool to assist researchers in doing so. The goal of this study is to figure out what characteristics influence how effective the Google Scholar tool is for Vietnamese university students. The study focuses on analyzing and explaining the interplay between the independent variables Perceived of Google Scholar, Perceived ease of use, Comprehensiveness and subjective norm, Perceived Satisfaction for the dependent variable Perception of usefulness. The study was carried out using quantitative and qualitative methods with 280 data points collected online through the survey link. The methods used to test the scale such as Cronbach alpha, CFA, SEM, One sample T-test, Independent Sample T-test, and One-way Anova are used to find the correlation between factors such as gender, Age, and Majors that affect the students' perception of the usefulness of google scholar. The results show that all the factors suggested in the model have a significant impact on the perceived usefulness of Google scholar. Furthermore, research shows that Google Scholar is an important academic search engine for Vietnamese students.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.287-297
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• 1995

This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards and growth changes necessary to create the Growth Forecast without Treatment at adolescence. The data from biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 25 male and 21 female subjects aged from 8 to 16 years of Normal Koreans were used for this study. The following results were obtained. 1. There were no significant value changes of facial axis angle, fn to palatal plane angle, BA-NA-A angle, lower facial height and lower incisor protrusion as the age increased. 2. From continuous increasing measurements(anterior and posterior cranial babe length, facial axis length, condyle axis length, corpus axis length), the annual growth changes, average annual growth changes and changes for 8 years were obtained. 3. From continuous increasing measurements, significant differences were observed between male and female subjects in most annual growth changes after age of 12 years, average annual growth changes and changes for 8 years (p<0.05). 4. All linear and angular measurements were plotted by using X-Y plotter and personal computer. The visual norms for both sexes were obtained. There was considerable growth, for male, for each period especially the most remarkable growth from the age of 12 to 14. For female, the upmost growth was showed from the age of 10 to 12, and gradually decreased since then.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.238-245
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• 2015

Background: Pharmacy schools newly adopted a 6-year program strengthening clinical knowledge since 2011 in Korea. The clinical training under the guidance of preceptors at hospital sites is a requisite for pharmacy students during the last year of undergraduate course. It has been rarely studied on the hospital pharmacists' perspective regarding being a preceptor or teaching pharmacy students. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the hospital pharmacists' intention toward student training and to identify the relevant factors among the individual pharmacists' characteristics and working environment within the theoretical frame of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Method: A mail-survey was conducted for pharmacists working in tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Incheon. The survey questionnaire consisting of 131 questions with a 5-likert scale was developed for investigating pharmacists' attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and the intention to teach pharmacy students as well as other demographic variables. To estimate the construct validity of components, factor analysis was conducted and Cronbach's alpha was calculated to estimate the reliability of the observed variables. Statistical analyses of one-way variance analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0. Results: The survey response rate was 53% (116/210) and the three constructs of attitude (r = .519), subjective norm (r = .233) and perceived control (r = .392) have appropriate correlations with the intention, proving the appropriateness of using the TPB model. Pharmacists working in inpatient (mean = 3.45) and outpatient clinics (mean = 3.34) generally showed positive intention for teaching. The attitude (${\beta}=.432$, p < 0.01) and perceived control (${\beta}=.270$, p < .01) constructs were significant predictors of the intention. Both age (r = 0.246, p = 0.017) and length of career (r = 0.310, p = 0.002) were positively related with the perceived control. Conclusion: Hospital pharmacists showed generally positive intention to provide student training in spite of the concern on their limited perceived behavioral control. Future research to find the actual barriers pharmacists faced in educating students need to be conducted.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

In the field of pediatric dentistry, comparison and analysis of cephalogram values of children are important fir evaluation of growth and development, and are essential to evaluate the craniofacial form and growth pattern for early diagnosis of malocclusion. For this, cephalographic norm values are important, but not many studies on the primary dentition exist. To compare the past norm values of normal occlusion in the primary dentition with current norms, preschool children, 4 to 5 years of age, with normal occlusion in the primary dentition who visited our hospital were examined. Among these children, 46 children with normal facial form and developmental status were chosen for evaluation of cephalogram values. The following results were as follows: 1. For skeletal values, the angular values showed no significant differences between males and females, and the linear values were generally greater in males than females. 2. SNA was $81.3^{\circ}$, SNB was $76.6^{\circ}$ and ANB difference was $4.7^{\circ}$. 3. The ratio for Mandibular body length to Anterior cranial base length was 0.9 : 1 for both male and female and the ratio for posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 61.4 % for male, 62.0 % for female. 4. For dental values, IMPA was $84.2^{\circ}$ and UA to SN was $90.8^{\circ}$. 5. The upper lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.6 mm anteriorly, and the lower lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.5 mm anteriorly.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.125-142
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• 2002

This study was carried out to purpose drawing up the efficient method of rural residents' health management, analyzing factors having influences on the behavioral intention and the behavior of hepatitis B vaccination of rural residents, using the theory of planned behavior(TPB). Surveying the first questionnaire about TPB to 439 people of rural adults over 40-year old who participated to hepatitis B examination program was made from March 14 to April 23 in 2001 at two primary health care posts in a city in Gyeongsangbuk-do and the second survey for hepatitis B vaccination was made to the last subjects of 332 people(75.6%) that had been proved as subjects of inoculation against the hepatitis B as the result of examination after two months of notification. In the behavioral intention rate of hepatitis B vaccination of the subjects within a month, 100%(the top) was 45.2%, 80-90%(the middle) was 21.1% and under 70%(the low) was 33.7%. In simple analysis, vaccination intention was related with significantly health security type and economic status(p<0.05). And vaccination intention was related with significantly all variables of attitude toward behavior and subjective norm, and economic power of utilizing medical facilities and perceived power variable of perceived behavioral control(p<0.01). The vaccination rate of the subjects within a month was 31.3%. In simple analysis, the vaccination rate was higher significantly in the lower the age was, the higher the educational level was(p<0.01), the larger the family was, and subjects having transport(p<0.05). And the vaccination rate was higher in the higher the economic power was and the higher the perceived ability was. As the results of making generalized logit analysis for behavioral intention, the more positive the subjective norm was, the higher was the score of the perceived behavioral control, the intention was higher significantly in the top class on a basis of the low class of behavioral intention. In multiple logistic regression analysis for vaccination(behavior) using intention and perceived behavioral control as dependent variables, it showed that perceived behavioral control variable only influenced significantly. The higher was the score of perceived behavioral control, it showed that they got the more vaccination(p<0.01). And even in the result having analyzed, adding the significant general characteristics variables in the simple analysis to the independent variable, the higher was the score of perceived behavioral control, it showed that they got vaccination more.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2008

Purpose: The first objective of this study was to compare the upper midface morpholgy, focusing on the soft tissues, between skeletal Class III maloccusion patients with midfacial depression and the norm. The second objective was to estimate and analyze the change in the upper midface soft tissues following surgical correction with maxillary advancement by Lefort I osteotomy and mandibular setback by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSRO). Methods: The samples consisted of 34 adult patients (15 males and 12 females) with an average age of 21 years, who had severe anteroposterior discrepancy with midfacial depression. These patients had received presurgical orthodontic treatment and surgical treatment which consisted of simultaneous Lefort I osteotomy and BSSRO. Results: The correlation coefficient between changes in maxillary advancement and changes in Or' (soft tissue orbitale) was 0.599 (p < 0.05). Change in maxillary plane angle and vertical change of the maxilla were not correlated with the change in Or' (p < 0.05). The ratio of soft tissue change in Or' to maxillary advancement was 43.57 %, and 81.54 % in Sn. Regression equations between maxillary movement and Or' were devised. The $r^2$ value was 0.476. Conclusions: The majority of measurements in the upper midface in skeletal Class III maloccusions when compared to the norm, showed significant differences. In Class III malocclusion with midfacial depression, maxillary advancement produces soft tissue change in the upper midface.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2016

Noise is unwanted sound that is the reason of the stress and hearing loss. The current study attempted to estimate whether the noise of dental laboratory affected stress and pure tone audiometry (PTA) of dental laboratory technicians (DLTs) using heart rate variability, air and bone conduction audiometry. The age, heights, and weights of DLTs were resembled control. Standard deviation of normal to normal interval such as stress resistance and normalized HF of DLTs were significantly decreased, but heart rates, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio of DLTs were significantly increased compared with control. In air conduction audiometry of DLTs, significant increments of thresholds encountered in 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz in the right ears and 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in the left ears. Thresholds of bone conduction audiometry in both ears were significantly increased in 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The findings in this study provide that stress and hearing loss observed in noise-exposed DLTs at dental laboratory. Therefore, proper safety precautions should be carried out at dental laboratory.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2009

Purpose: This study has been conducted to know the relation among accommodative amplitude, response, and facility. Methods: 61 subjects were students without any ocular diseases and presbyopia in a university, Korea. After far distance visual acuity was fully corrected, the amplitude was measured through Push-Up test, the response was measured through Jackson crossed cylinder ${\pm}$0.25D and the facility was measured through +2.00/ -2.00D flipper. Results: The relation among accommodative facility, response and amplitude had not indicate significant level in monocular and binocular. In binocular, 12 eyes (19.6%) had a difference in amplitude, 9 eyes (14.7%) had a difference in response, 2 eyes (3.2%) had a difference in facility from norm which would be expected from their age. 4 eyes (6.5%) had difference in both amplitude and response. 2 eye (3.2%) had difference in both amplitude and facility. In all three of the amplitude, response, facility had not difference. Conclusions: The evaluation of accommodative functions and a patients accommodative dysfunction is examined all facets of amplitude, response, and facility.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.63-86
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• 2019

As the use of ICT became a part of daily social life, online community has emerged as a new type of social organization. Online community is a virtual space which enables many people to participate and contribute together to collective knowledge. Anonymity in online communities can encourage active social participation by people with various social constraints, however, anonymity can also lead to serious social pathology. As a result, it is necessary to study on what is fundamentally influencing human behavior and how people's behavior is controlled in anonymous online community. This study focuses on human identity and investigate the factors affecting human behavior control in anonymous online environment by examining various aspects of identity in online discussion community. This study empirically verifies the causal relationship between factors, including social & technical anonymities, various identity dimensions, intrinsic motivation to participate in the community, group norm conformity, and quality of discussion. It also analyzes the difference between groups by the level of anonymity, gender, age, community usage period, and discussion topic. Based on the findings, this research provides theoretical and practical implications for online community management strategies and a better culture on Internet discussion.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 1994

The purpose of present study was to develop the Korean Version of Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Children(LNNB-C), to examine the reliability of it, and to establish the norms for determining the probability of brain damage. The normative group used to standardize the Korean version of LNNB-C was composed of 147 children between the age of 8 and 12(body 74, girl 73). The clinical group consisted of 19 brain damaged, 16 ADHD, and 16 psychiatric controls. The inter-scorer reliability was 96.3%, indicating that the stability of the scoring system for the Korean version of LNNB-C is good. The reliability coefficients(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) of LNNB-C scales were ranged .51 to .91, which are similar to those of original LNNB-C. To establish the norms for detecting brain damage, the means and standard deviations for normative group were used to calculate T-scores for each scale. To determine a critical level that could successfully predict a normal child's average score at a given age, first the average score of normative group was calculated, and this score was then entered a regression equation with age to predict the average(baseline) acore. Finally, some issues on constructing the Korean version of LNNB-C and the cultural differences between Korean and American children in performing LNNB-C were discussed.