• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2023

This study confirmed the change in functional composition and alcohol-induced acute liver injury in Aloe arborescens after fermentation. An acute liver injury was induced by administration of ethanol (3 g/kg/day) to C57BL/6J mice for 5 days. A fermented A. arborescens Miller leaf (FAAL) extract was orally administered 30 minutes before ethanol treatment. After fermentation, the emodin content was approximately 13 times higher than that of the raw material. FAAL extract significantly attenuated ethanol-induced aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride increases in serum and liver tissue. Histological analysis revealed that FAAL extract inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration and fat accumulation in liver tissues. The cytochrome P450 2E1, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH), which involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress, were effectively regulated by FAAL extract in serum and liver tissues, except for GSH. FAAL also maintained the antioxidant defense system by upregulating heme oxygenase 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression. In addition, FAAL extract inhibited the decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, which promoted alcohol metabolism and prevented the activation of inflammatory response. Our results suggest that FAAL could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for ethanol-induced acute liver injury.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2014

본 연구는 해조류에 존재하는 황산기를 함유하고 있는 후코이단의 급성 알코올 간 손상 모델에서의 간 보호능을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과 후코이단은 급성으로 알코올을 섭취시킨 쥐의 체중감소를 억제시켰으며, 알코올 섭취를 통해 나타날 수 있는 중성지질, 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 상승을 유의적으로 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 또한 간 기능을 대표하는 혈중의 GOT는 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, GPT는 유의적으로 후코이단 경구투여에 의해 감소되었다. 또한 후코이단은 지방이 비대해 지는 현상과 간세포의 지방축척을 감소시킨 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 이러한 결과로 보아 후코이단은 급성 알코올 섭취에 의한 간손상을 완화시켜 줄 수 있는 식품소재로 활용가능하다고 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

Objectives: Alcohol abuse is a public issue and one of the major causes of liver disease worldwide. This study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture (GLP) against hepatotoxicity induced by acute ethanol (EtOH) intoxication in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals each: normal, control, normal saline pharmacopuncture (NP) and GLP groups. The control, NP and GLP groups received ethanol orally. The NP and the GLP groups were treated daily with injections of normal saline and Ganoderma lucidum extract, respectively. The control group received no treatment. The rats in all groups, except the normal group, were intoxicated for 6 hours by oral administration of EtOH (6 g/kg BW). The same volume of distilled water was administered to the rats in the normal group. Two local acupoints were used: Qimen (LR14) and Taechung (LR3). A histopathological analysis was performed, and the liver function and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Results: GLP treatment reduced the histological changes due to acute liver injury induced by EtOH and significantly reduced the increase in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme; however, it had an insignificant effect in reducing the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme. It also significantly ameliorated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) activities. Conclusion: The present study suggests that GLP treatment is effective in protecting against ethanol-induced acute hepatic injury in SD rats by modulating the activities of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes and by attenuating oxidative stress.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 급성 알코올성 간 손상과 만성 에탄올성 간섬유증이 유도된 마우스로부터 획득한 라만 스펙트럼에서 배경 잡음을 제거하기 위한 기준선 추정 방법을 조사하였다. 기준선을 추정하기 위해 일차 미분, 선형계획법, rolling ball을 이용한 방법을 적용하였다. 각 방법의 적절한 압력 파라미터를 MAP(maximum a posteriori probability)의 훈련율에 의해 결정하였다. 실험 절과에 따르면 rolling ball 알고리즘을 이용한 기준선 추정 방법이 급성 알코올성 간 손상과 만성 에탄올성 간섬유증의 MAP 분류에서 평균 89.4%로 가장 좋은 결과를 나타냈다. 이 결과로부터 라만 스펙트럼의 기준선 추정에 적절한 방법과 파라미터를 결정하는 것이 분류 성능에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2015

The protective effect of EtOAc fraction of Limonium tetragonum extract (EALT) against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed following acute ethanol intoxication in Spraque-Dawley rats. EALT (200 mg/kg p.o.) was administrated once before alcohol intake (8 g/kg, p.o.). Blood ethanol concentration, and the activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver were measured. Also, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase were determined after acute alcohol exposure. Pretreatment of rats received ethanol with EALT significantly decreased blood ethanol concentration and elevated the activities of ADH and ALDH in liver. The increased MDA level was decreased, and the reduced activities of SOD, GSH-px and catalase were markedly preserved by the treatment with EALT. This study suggests that EALT prevent hepatic injury induced by acute alcohol which is likely related to its modulation on the alcohol metabolism and antioxidant enzymes activities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

It has been reported that dietary polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) increase liver injury in response to ethanol feeding. We tested the hypothesis that diets rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) would affect acute liver injury after acetaminophen injection and that protein restriction might exacerbate the liver injury. We examined effects of feeding diets with either 15% (wt/wt) corn oil or 14% beef tallow and 1% corn oil for six weeks with either 6 or 20 g/100 g protein on acute hepatotoxicity. After the feeding period, liver injury was induced by injecting either with 600 mg/kg body weight acetaminophen suspended in gum arabic-based vehicle, or with vehicle alone during fasting status. Samples of liver and plasma were taken for analyses of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and liver-specific enzymes [(Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT)], respectively. Whereas GSH level was significantly lower in only group fed 15% corn oil with 6 g/100 g protein among acetaminophen-treated groups, activities of GPT and GOT were significantly elevated in all groups except the one fed beef tallow with 20 g/100 g protein, suggesting low protein might exacerbate drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The feeding regimens changed the ratio of 18:2n-6 to oleic acid (18:1n-9) in total liver lipids approximately five-fold, and produced modest changes in arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). We conclude that diets with high 18:2n-6 promote acetaminophen-induced liver injury compared to diets with more saturated fatty acids (SFA). In addition, protein restriction appeared to exacerbate the liver injury.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2014

발효에 의한 헛개열매의 기능성 상승 정도를 검토하고자, 헛개열매열수추출물을 발효시킨 후 급성 및 만성 알코올 투여 간손상 동물모델을 통하여 체중감량 억제, 알코올 분해 및 간기능 개선 효능을 검증하였다. 급성 알코올 투여 동물모델에서 헛개열매발효군(ET-FHWE)은 알코올대조군(ET)에 비하여 혈청 알코올 농도가 유의적으로 감소되었고, 특히 알코올 투여 3시간 후의 알코올 농도는 헛개열매추출액발효물에 의해 46.1%, 헛개열매열수추출물에 의해 19.1% 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 알코올 투여에 의해 증가된 혈청 아세트알데하이드 농도는 헛개열매추출액발효물에 의해 알코올 투여 3시간 후에는 48.7%, 5시간 후에는 39%로 알코올대조군(ET)보다 유의적으로 감소하였고, 이는 헛개열매열수추출물은 발효에 의해 알코올 및 아세트알데하이드 분해능이 증가하는 것으로 사료되었다. 만성 알코올 투여 간손상 동물모델 실험에서 알코올 투여에 의해 상승된 혈청 알코올 농도는 헛개열매열수추출물과 헛개열매추출액발효물 투여에 의해 각각 31%, 41% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 아세트알데하이드 농도와 ${\gamma}$-GTP 활성도는 헛개열매열수추출물과 헛개열매추출액발효물 투여에 의해 알코올대조군(ET)보다 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 장기간 알코올 투여에 의한 체중 감소 억제 및 간조직 지질수준의 유의적 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 헛개열매추출액발효물은 장기간의 알코올 투여로 인해 감소된 혈당을 유의적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 급성 알코올 투여 동물모델에서 헛개열매열수추출물은 발효에 의해 알코올 및 아세트알데하이드 분해능이 증진되었고, 만성 알코올 투여 모델을 통한 실험에서는 발효에 의해 헛개열매의 간기능 개선효능이 유지됨과 동시에 일부 효능(혈청 지질 및 혈당 수준 개선능)은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 헛개열매추출액발효물은 급성 및 만성 알코올성 간손상 억제에 있어서 헛개열매열수추출물보다 더욱 강력한 기능성 물질로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2008

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has been widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent in oriental medicine. In the current study, we investigated the protective effect, and the possible mechanism, of dandelion extracts against ethanol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Dandelion water and ethanol extract was administered at 2 g/kg body weight (BW) once daily for 7 consecutive days, whereas control and ethanol groups received water by gavage. Ethanol (50% ethanol; 6 g/kg BW) was administered 12 hr before sacrificing the mice in order to generate liver injury. Significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities as well as liver triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels were attenuated by dandelion supplementation. In addition, dandelion extracts not only enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and anti-oxidative enzyme activities, but reduced lipid peroxidation. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP 2E1), one of the critical enzymes xenobiotic metabolism, expression was lower with ethanol treatment but restored by dandelion supplementation. These results were confirmed by improved histopathological changes in fatty liver and hepatic lesions induced by ethanol. In conclusion, dandelion could protect liver against ethanol administration by attenuating of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2014

Ethanol consumption causes psychomotor alterations. Hovenia Semen seu Fructus (HS), widely distributed in Korea, China, and Japan, has been reported to have beneficial effects on acute alcohol-induced liver injury. The present study sought to assess the effects of HS extract on ethanol-induced psychomotor alterations in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally (p.o.) given ethanol (4 g/kg) (ethanol group) to induce psychomotor alterations. A separate group (HS-treated groups), were treated with different dosages of HS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), 30 minutes before ethanol treatment. The control group received only the vehicle (saline). Ethanol-induced psychomotor alterations were evaluated in the open-field, rota-rod, hanging wire, and cold swimming test. In addition, blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were also measured. Behavioral evaluations and blood analysis were carried out 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours after ethanol administration. Pre-treatment of HS ameliorated ethanol-induced alterations in the open-field, rota-rod, and cold swimming test, significantly evident in 2 and 4 hours after ethanol treatment. These improvements coincided with decrease in blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration. Based on these results, the present study suggests that HS may have ameliorating effects against ethanol-induced psychomotor alterations.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2016

Allium hookeri 뿌리의 $80^{\circ}C$ 열수 추출물 및 95% 에탄올 추출물을 각각 제조하여 추출별 항산화 활성, 항염증 효과를 비교한 후 효능이 더 뛰어난 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 급성 알코올 간 독성에 대한 보호 효과가 있는지를 살펴보았다. ICR mouse에 1주일간 A. hookeri 뿌리 추출물을 경구투여한 후 급성 알코올 간 독성을 유발하기 위하여 40% 알코올을 단회 투여한 후 혈청의 알코올 농도, AST, ALT의 변화, ADH, ALDH 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 A. hookeri 뿌리 추출물은 열수 추출물보다 95% 에탄올 추출물이 항산화 활성 및 항염증 효과가 더 뛰어났으며, A. hookeri 뿌리 95% 에탄올 추출물은 알코올 섭취 시 혈액 및 체내 에탄올 제거 속도를 촉진하고 혈청 AST와 ALT의 활성을 억제하며 간의 ADH, ALDH 활성을 증가시켰다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 음주로 인한 간 손상에 대해 보호 효과를 나타내는 기능성 식품 소재로서 A. hookeri 뿌리 95% 에탄올 추출물의 효능을 확인하였다.