• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.887-899
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• 2008

Recently the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, announced the “Dietary Guidelines for Korean Adults (DGKA)”, which includes ten Dietary Goals, six Dietary Guidelines, and twenty-three Action Guidelines. DGKA are developed as the revision of the 2003 Dietary Guidelines for Koreans, targeting adult population. Dietary Guidelines are developed for general purpose as well as for different age groups. They are revised periodically to accommodate changes in diet and health problems of the population. The process of developing new DGKA can be summarized as 1) selection of focus areas, 2) analysis and review of available data for each area selected, and 3) derivation of guidelines based on the analyzed data, and 4) finalizing the guidelines after open discussions among the experts and general public. Five focus areas were selected by examining the Nutrition Goals of the Health Plan 2010 of Korea, soliciting proposals from the experts in the related fields, and reviewing existing and international guidelines. Five areas selected were 1) adequate intake of nutrients and foods, 2) balance of energy intake and physical activities, 3) alcohol intake, 4) food security and nutrition service, and 5) food safety. Adequacy of nutrient and food intakes of the Korean adult population was assessed using 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Newly developed Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans were used as reference values to assess the prevalence of inadequacies and excesses in nutrient intakes. Energy balance was examined with energy intake of 2005 KNHANES survey and results of physical activity questionnaire in the survey. Alcohol intake was also examined using 2005 KNHANES results of dietary intakes as well as the results of questionnaire survey on alcohol intakes. Food security, nutrition services, and food safety were analyzed using various government data and published results on the issues. Ten Dietary Goals and six Dietary Guidelines were developed after data analysis and were subjected to reviews of experts and general public. The final DGKA are: 1) Eat a variety of foods from each food group, 2) Increase physical activity and maintain healthy weight, 3) Eat proper amount of clean foods, 4) Avoid salty foods and try to eat foods with bland taste, 5) Avoid foods with high fat contents and deep-fried foods, and 6) When you drink alcohol, limit the amount. Twenty-three action guidelines are developed in order to achieve these guidelines in actual diet and life among the population. The government is disseminating the guidelines with “337” slogan and emblem. “337” indicates everyone should practice “3” guidelines of promoting good eating practice, “3” guidelines to limit or decrease in your diet, and you should practice them for “7” days a week. The guidelines will be useful in promoting healthy food habits and good nutritional status which will result in decrease nutrition related health problems in Korea.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 2018

A demand for user's participation in the designing process, which is called the participation design, is increasing with social change. Practically, however, there is lack of researches on the improvement of the problem in actual design development and participation design effect. In order to understand the field-based participation design effect in view of user's change of awareness on participation design, this study carried out a survey on the change of awareness through a design workshop in which all stakeholders have participated on the subject of agricultural direct sales facilities as a part of participation design programs. Many references were reviewed first to understand the participation design principles and their current research trend. Next, the questionnaire was developed using an effectiveness verification model for an effective analysis. A design workshop as one of the participation design programs was organized and applied for the field response. In order to analyze the effect, the survey on participants' change of awareness was carried out before and after the program. The survey questionnaires were about motivation, knowledge, recognition, function, and participation and asked the design study graduates. The participation design effect was supplemented by additional open questions. As a consequence, the participants in the participation design program showed the noticeable effect in knowledge and function about the agricultural direct sales facilities. It was found that they were also highly satisfied with the participation design result and they recognized an importance of collaboration. This study also showed that a sufficient time schedule considering agricultural village life should be given for a smooth operation of the program and also a working environment is necessary for designing work.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.4 s.34
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• pp.107-126
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to suggest some activation plans of vocational home economics high school education by analyzing the actual conditions of vocational home economics high school education and surveying teachers and students' recognition and their needs toward the present vocational home economics high school education. The data were collected through reference analysis. questionnaire and interview method. They were analyzed using SPSS. The outline of this study was as follows: First. some data for examining the development trends of vocational home economics were collected especially in terms of the social and economical change related to vocational home economics education. the development of vocational home economics education based on the current curriculum. and some trends of vocational home economics education in foreign countries. Second. the real conditions of vocational home economics high school education were analyzed according to the real conditions of curriculum management in vocational home economics high schools. Based on this result. a questionnaire was designed to survey teachers and students' recognition and their needs. The items consisted mainly of the curriculum management and satisfaction of school life. Third. some activation plans of vocational home economics high school education were proposed in terms of management system(3 items). curriculum management(5 items). security of teachers and their expertise(4 items). and administration and finance(3 items).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1997

Educational goals of SPH were two-fold : One was to train a health professions who should take charge of a leading roles, another were to educate the researchers of public health. There were strong demands to evaluate whether these goals had been effectively achieved through the master's course of SPH or not. According to the educational goals of SPH, public health is an applied science to be applicable to health-related fields. The curriculum of SPH has to be built under this principle and be evaluated by someone regularly. Who evaluates that? The most pertinent appraiser is the graduates of public health currently working at health-related jobs. It was the purpose of the study to let the graduates evaluate their education and the curriculum that they had undertaken during master's course at SNU. If the results of the evaluation by the graduates were not satisfactory, we should find the actual causes of low scored apraisal and reform the curriculum of SPH as the process of problem solving. During September and October 1996, a postal survey was undertaken of the 293 SNU graduates of public health who had been engaged in the health related jobs. As 198 graduates answered out of 293, the response rate was 67.6%. The questionnaire was designed to ascertain how well the SNU master's course of public health had helped their practice. The SAS package was used for statistical analysis and $x^2$-test as a test of statistical significance. Major findings of the study were summarized as follows: $\cdot$ The health related abilities consisted of three categories, which were health administration abilities composed of 14 items, health education abilities composed of 5 items, health research abilities composed of 10 items. $\cdot$ The respondents had acquired 'Worldwide trends of health policy', 'evaluation concepts of health projects', 'interpersonal relationships in professional life', and 'communication through writings' moe than other detailed items in the category of health administration abilities. $\cdot$ 'Establishment of educational and learning golas' was the most acquired item of 5 detailed items of health education abilities. $\cdot$ Respondents indicated that they had acquired ability 'to search reference', ' to understand health problems', 'to establish study plannings', and 'to collect health related data' more than other detailed items in the category of health research abilities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 1994

In this study, with the problem of "What is the desirable illustrations?", the problem points of the existing textbooks were analyzed, and the opinions of experts concerning desirable illustrations were examined through questionaire survey, and by developing 'Analysis Framework of Illustrations', and Korean-Japanese 'science' textbooks were analyzed and compared with. The conclusions for the direction of korean 'science' textbooks are summarized as follows : 1) The numbers of korean illustrations should be more about two than one of per one page of the existing textbooks. 2) The korean illustrations for the 6th grade should be more largely inserted. 3) The more econmic space utilizing measure should be groped for looking at from the such side. 4) Though the kinds of Korean illustrations are mostly composed of photographs, pictures, illustrations, cartoons, etc. should be positively utilized. and the shapes of photographs should be diversified by such as square, round shape,omissions of background and others. 5) The distribution of players by sex should be considered envenly for male and female from the ascendency of male (1.5: 1). 6) It was found that it is desirable for the formation of role of illustrations of 20% for motive inducement, 45% for guidance for experimentation, 30% for presentation of data, and 5% for presentation of the results of experimentation. 7) The illustrations for guidance for experimentation should present important stages of experimentation process regardless the number of illustration. 8) It would be advantageous for motive induction to find the subject matters as possible as from the children's close actual life. 9) It is necessary to induce more freely method in utilizing Printing plate for inserting illustrations. 10) It is the result of research that the existing Korean textbooks are not suitable in inducing interest, and the positive strategy to induce interest is demanded. 11) It is required to select their location freely in accordance with the content regardless the. 12) In order to develop such illustrations, it is required to cultivate expert illustrators, and more economic investment is required for development of illustrations. The emphasis matters of revision of the 6th educational process of 'Inducement of study motive and emphasis on interest' is the change of presenting form and method of illustrations, which is expected to be rewarded with much good fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analysis total number of 123 SSI programs by SSI criteria. The criteria was consisted of subject, school level, starting point, scientific evidence, social content, use of scientific knowledge, level of conflict of interest, and evaluation and reflection. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, elementary school programs were the most and middle school programs were relatively few. Second, starting point was mainly in the actual situation, the fiction and nonfiction situation, and the situation including the controversy and conflict was less than 10%. Third, it was based on scientific evidence but mainly influenced by individual values and perceptions. Fourth, social contents were developed mainly in ethics/morality/value, political/social life/economy, environment contents. Fifth, the use of scientific knowledge mainly consisted of scientific decision making, scientific critical thinking, and information search. However, science inquiry, risk assessment, and cost effectiveness were less than 10%. Scientific inquiry is the essential factor of science education, and one of core competencies of national science curriculum. SSI program should be able to experience various kinds of conflicts, and to evaluate and reflect through reflection.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1995

The growth, size and morphology of leaves, which foliated on the same shoot and time in the early growth season, were studied in 12 woody species in temperate deciduous forests of Korea, and the equation for the index of heteromorphism of leaves was fonnulated. The numbers of leaves per shoot were from 3 to 7 in early growth season and the numbers of synchronous leafing were from 2 to 6. All the leaves on a shoot were reached maximum values of specific leaf arells at the SIlme time nearly. The differences of the length (L) and breadth (B) of leaves along leaf rank (plastochron) were conspicuous, except for Quercus variabilis. Especially, in 10 species, the ~fferences of the neighbouring leaves were significant at 0.001 or 0.05 level. The index of leaf heteromorphism was calculated from the data based on $L\;{\times}\;B$ and LIB, and similar to differences of actual leaves along leaf rank. The values of index of heteromorphism were high in Carpinus tschonosldi, Styrax obassia, Ulmus davidiana, Rhamnus yoshinoi and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, and low in Sorbus alnifolia and Tilia amurensis. The index of heteromorphism had no relation to other characters of the leaf or life fonn of the species. It was thought that the differences along leaf rank were related to the degree of adaptation to environment, especially to changing air temperature in early growth season.season.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.277-291
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• 2011

It is necessary for the teacher to understand why teach mathematics in order to implement the visions and expectations of the national mathematics curriculum in her actual classroom. This study conducted a survey of examining how elementary school teachers might understand the purpose of teaching mathematics. The results of this study showed that teachers' conceptions of the purpose of teaching mathematics were related mainly to the development of logical thinking, practical use of mathematics in everyday life, and a tool for studying other subjects or disciplines. However, teachers did not perceive much other purposes of mathematics education such as understanding the world, appreciating aesthetic value of mathematics, and developing communicative ability as well as sociality. Whereas teachers did not think of the significance of mathematics as an intellectual field when asked to write down how they would explain students why they had to learn mathematics, they tended to strongly agree it in the Likert-scale responses. Teachers' conceptions were not different according to their gender but teachers with less than five years' teaching experience were relatively negative than others with more experience. Given these results, this study provided issues and implications of teachers' conceptions of the purpose of teaching mathematics.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.107-128
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• 2008

It was started that Shiwe-goon was organized from Shilla-end to Goryeo foundation a country in powerful families existence merely royal household by stably plan means in the reign of Taejo. Generally Shiwe-goon was dutie king' personal danger of protection. Shiwe-goon was organized castle of guarding, stand by king and royal household side armed strength to going on a trip and general armed-organization was collapsed for Goryeo-end continued existence. Goryeo era of Shiwe-organization was divided central army and region army. Two-goon(Eungyang-goon, Yongho-goon) was undertaken king of Shiwe army and six-we(Chunwoo-we, Geumoh-we, Gammoon-we, Jeoawoo-we, Shinoh-we, Hongwe-we) was undertaked capital of guard and the border of defense duty. Central army of commanders was called Sangjanggoon, Daejanggoon. Sangjanggoon and Daejanggoon was discussed military officer of conference apparatus in Jungbang. Jungbang was got afterward Mooshinjungbeon happened military of statesman grasping political power with authority a main stay. Mooshinjungkwen era was appeared modernistic mean of privately guarding organization in Dobang and Naedobang. According as Shiwe-organization was charged military organization as a part of sovereign power and grasping strength of authority- maintenance for security and guarding duty. As a conclusion, national sovereign of guard was achieved not only personal life and body guard protection but also country of welfare protection in country-welfare dimension an inch of non-error. Also national sovereign of guard was considered guarding apparatus of allowance the largest duty and country-welfare direct connection with actual fact recognition in constancy effort.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

The research which it sees is the simulation research for "The Ecological Diversion of Forest Land-Use System". It accomplished the simulation which applies a permission standard, it developed escape it did a model and the basic draft. From the research which it sees in order to investigate the application characteristic of natural intimate mountain district application standard the mountain district whole aspect instance middle actual object a time mountain district use standard about under selecting which it will yell it applied. "Natural intimate mountain district development standard triangular position plan research" from compatibility of the mode of life mountain district whole aspect permission standard which is proposed about under investigating it presented the improvement program and a institutional improvement direction of corresponding standard. About under preserving plan it applies the yearly environment the mountain district to sleep it prepares the foundation for it accomplished the transcendental research for. With the achievement resources which the mountain district has resultantly must preserve a value, limit of the development size it will be able to minimize the effect which it follows in development, the arrangement method back could be proposed, also the case which will use the mountain district where it is damaged induces the development which cabinets to the concept of demobilization, the case which will apply the existing forest resources takes a triangular position with the act it will be able to increase the circulating value of the resources and will do.