• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the effect of the plane of movement (sagittal plane vs. scapular plane) and shoulder flexion angle ($90^{\circ}$ vs. $130^{circ}$) during scapular protraction exercises in healthy subjects by investigating the elecromyographic (EMG) activities of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), and pectoralis major (PM). METHODS: Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in this study. Subjects performed maximal scapular protraction at the $90^{\circ}$ or $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angles in the sagittal or scapular planes. Surface EMG was recorded from the SA and UT, and PM muscles. Dependent variables were examined by 2 (plane) ${\times}$ 2 (angle) repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Significantly increased EMG activities in the SA and UT were found during scapular protraction exercise at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle in the sagittal and scapular plane. Also, EMG activity of the PM significantly decreased at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle in the sagittal plane and the $90^{\circ}$ and $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the scapular plane. CONCLUSION: we recommend scapular protraction exercise at the $90^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the sagittal plane to selectively strengthen the SA muscle with limitation of upper trapezius activity and at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the scapular plane to selectively strengthen the SA muscle with limitation of pectoralis major activity.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.499-502
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• 2015

Starburst galaxies have strong star formation activity and generate large scale outflows which eject a huge amount of gas mass. This process affects galaxy activity, and therefore, the detailed study of nearby starburst galaxies could provide valuable information for the study of distant ones. So far there have been only a few studies of galactic-scale molecular outflows due to the sensitivity limitation of telescopes. Our study provides two nearby examples, NGC 2146 and NGC 3628. We used Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA) CO(1-0) data, Chandra soft X-ray data, and NMA 3 mm data to study the kinematics of molecular outflows, their interaction with ionized outflows, and the star forming activity in the starburst region. We found that the gas ejected through molecular outflows is much more significant than that used to form stars.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.604-612
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• 2011

Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 supernatant can effectively control cotton aphid populations, which is closely associated with its chitinase activity. The present work extends to optimizing a culture medium to produce more efficacious supernatant in flask conditions, followed by scale-up in 7 L, 300 L and 1.2 KL fermentors with the parameter of chitinase. In flask conditions, a combination of soluble starch and yeast extract produced the greatest amount of chitinase (5.1 units/ml) and its supernatant had the highest aphicidal activity. An optimal quantitative combination of the two substrates, estimated by a response surface method, enabled the supernatant to have 15.7 units/ml of chitinase activity and 3.7 ml/l of median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of toxicity against cotton aphid adults in laboratory conditions. In the scale-up conditions, overall supernatant had 25-28 units/ml of chitinase activity. Decrease in pH and limitation of dissolved oxygen (DO) during cultures were significantly related to the yield of chitinase. These results suggest that the substrate-dependent chitinase production can be background information for optimizing a culture medium, and pH and DO are critical factors in maximizing the production in scale-up conditions.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 2부
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• pp.179-184
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• 2008

다채널, 양방향성을 갖게 된 TV는 시청의 주제인 수용자에게 좀 더 적극적인 행위를 요구하게 되었으며 방송환경 및 사용자 인터페이스 또한 자연히 수용자들에게 능동성을 요구하게 되었다. 그러나 이러한 상황이 아직은 TV가 수동적인 매체라고 인식하고 있는 수용자들에게는 혼란과 불편함을 초래하는 결과로 작용할 가능성이 있다. 특히나 TV의 매체적 한계점을 극복하지 못한 인터페이스의 제공은 더욱 그러한 문제점을 가져올 수 있다. 본 연구는 이에 대한 문제 제기와 함께 수용자들에게 요구된 능동성과 수용자들의 전반적인 TV시청의 만족도, 능동성과 만족도의 관계를 분석하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impairments of body structures, activity limitation, and participation restriction. In addition, we wanted to provide basic data on correlation between impairments of body structures, activity, and participation in Disabled Persons Living at Home. Methods: After selection of 128 people with physical disabilities more than the third level and brain damage disabilities living at home, we conducted testing for impairments of body structures, activity, and participation, according to the ICF checklist. Results: Impairments of body structures was highest in the upper and lower extremity. 2) Mobility, domestic life, and self care were more limited. 3) Also, the structure related to movement showed correlation with mobility, domestic life, and self care. Conclusion: We observed differences in participation and activities of persons with disabilities Living at Home depending on the impairments of body structures. After thorough review of the status of Disabled Persons Living at Home, we decided to appropriate support and social services.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2008

It has been observed that the linear relationship between the logarithm of bioconcentration factor (log BCF) of highly hydrophobic chemicals and their log $K_{ow}$ breaks when log $K_{ow}$ becomes greater than 6.0. Consequently, super hydrophobic chemicals were not thought to cause baseline toxicity as a single compound. Researchers often call this phenomenon as "hydrophobicity cutoff" meaning that bioconcentration or corresponding baseline toxicity has a certain cutoff at high log $K_{ow}$ value of hydrophobic organic pollutants. The underlying assumption is that the increased molecular size with increasing hydrophobicity prohibits highly hydrophobic compounds from crossing biological membranes. However, there are debates among scientists about mechanisms and at which log $K_{ow}$ this phenomenon occurs. This paper reviews three hypotheses to explain observed "cutoff": steric effects, kinetic or physiological limitations, and chemical activity cutoff. Although the critical molecular size that makes biological membranes not permeable to hydrophobic organic chemicals is uncertain, size effects in combination with kinetic limitation would explain observed non-linearity between log BCF and log $K_{ow}$. Chemical activity of hydrophobic chemicals generally decreases with increasing melting point at their aqueous solubility. Thus, there may be a chemical activity cutoff of baseline toxicity if there is a critical chemical activity over which baseline effects can be observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.678-682
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• 2005

The promoter region of a carbon starvation gene isolated from Pseudomonas putida was cloned and analyzed for its potential use for in situ bioremediation and bioprocessing. We constructed a recombinant plasmid pMKD101 by cloning the 0.65 kb promoter region of the gene into the promoter proving vector, pMK301, which contains the lacZ for ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity as a reporter gene. pMKD101 was transformed into the wild-type P. putida MK1, resulting in P. putida RPD101, and analyzed for ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity under different culture conditions. When RPD101 was grown on the minimal medium plus $0.1\%$ glucose as a sole carbon source in batch cultures, ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was found to be 3.2-fold higher during the stationary phase than during the exponential phase. In chemostat cultures, ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was found to be 3.1-fold higher at the minimal growth rate (dilution rate=$0.05\;h^{-1}$) than at the maximal growth rate (dilution rate=$0.173;h^{-1}$). The results suggest that a carbon starvation promoter can be utilized to maximize the expression of a desired gene under nutrient limitation.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the changes of physical function, perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function, and functional independence in the institutionalized aged according to functional group activity program (self help Tai Chi exercise plus functional task). Methods: Study subjects were 20 institutionalized aged from June to October in 2010. The subjects received functional group activity program two times a week for 15 weeks. Physical function (grip strength, coordination, lower extremity strength, balance, gait, trunk flexibility), perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function(depression, social skill), and functional independence were measured before and after the program. Results: The subjects showed significantly increased physical function (coordination, lower extremity strength, gait, trunk flexibility), perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function (depression, social skill), and functional independence. The functional group activity program may be an effective strategy for institutionalized elders to enhance their functions. Conclusion: The functional group activity program may be effective on elderly institutions which have limitation in human, material, environmental resources.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1812-1824
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• 2019

The location and human activity are usually used as one of the important parameters to monitor the health status in healthcare devices. However, nearly all existing location and monitoring systems have the limitation of short-range communication and high power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism to collect and transmit monitoring information based on LoRa technology. The monitoring device with sensors can collect the real-time activity and location information and transmit them to the cloud server through LoRa gateway. The user can check all his history and current information through the specific designed mobile applications. Experiment was carried out to verify the communication, power consumption and monitoring performance of the entire system. Experimental results demonstrate that this system can collect monitoring and activity information accurately and provide the long rang coverage with low power consumption.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2016

최근 서비스디자인이 국민대상 공공서비스의 질을 향상시키기 위해 도입되면서 다양한 공공서비스의 개선이 시도되고 있다. 그 과정에서 일반국민을 포함한 다양한 이해관계자가 서비스디자인 방법론을 통한 디자인개선 활동에 참여하고 있으나, 전문적 서비스디자인 방법론을 기반으로 한 프로세스와 활동을 계획하면서 제한된 시간과 비용, 그리고 구성원의 부족한 전문성에 따른 진행의 어려움을 격고 있다. 같은 이유로 서비스디자인 과정에서 주로 사용되는 퍼소나 방법론도 여러 한계에 봉착하고 있다. 또한 서비스디자이너 및 UX디자이너 사이에서도 퍼소나의 한계점을 이해하고, 한계를 극복 하고자 여러 가지 대안적 연구방법론을 적용하려는 시도가 지속적으로 일어나고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 전통적 퍼소나 도출 방식에 대한 한계를 인식 하고, 이를 극복하면서도 사용자의 목표를 대변할 수 있는 빠르고 경제적 방법의 래피드퍼소나 제작 방법을 새롭게 제안 하였다. 또한 제안된 래피드퍼소나 제작방법을 실제 통계청 공공 서비스디자인 프로젝트에 응용하여 적용함으로써 실증적 연구를 통한 검증을 시도하였다. 이는 구체적인 사례를 통해 연구방법론을 적용함으로써 교과서적인 논의에서 벗어나 실 적용측면에서의 논의를 진행 하고자 하는 목적으로 수행 되었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 연구방법론을 통해 제한된 시간과 부족한 재화를 극복하고 빠르고 쉽게 퍼소나를 수립함으로써 이를 기반으로 하는 다양한 서비스디자인 및 UX디자인 과정에서 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다.