• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2000

To evaluate anticaries and antiinflammation of Aloe vera peel, antimicrobial substances were extracted from Aloe vera peel and identified. The antimicrobial active substances of water extract were successfully purified with solvent fractionation, silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography and UV spectrophotometer. Two purified active substances were identified as aloe-emodin and barbaloin by Mass Spectrometer, 1H-NMR and FT-IR.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2016

Surface-active substances in defatted rapeseed cake were obtained using a supercritical fluid extraction method. Then, it was purified by removing sinapine in the extract through a series of steps using a mixed solvent: diethyl ether and ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v). Emulsifying properties of purified surface-active substances were investigated, including fat globule size, zeta potentials and creaming stability and its antioxidant activity in emulsion systems were also studied by peroxide value and $^1H$-NMR spectrum. It was found that fat globules in emulsions with purified surface-active substances were much smaller than ones with the unpurified. In addition, as pH of the emulsion lowered and with increasing NaCl concentration in the emulsion, they were observed to increase, which led to worse creaming stability. These properties were reflected in changes of zeta potentials of emulsions. The oxidative stability was better in emulsions with purified surface-active substances than ones with Tween 20 or commercial lecithin, possibly resulted from the existence of sinapic acid in the extract. It was concluded that purified surface-active substances from defatted rapeseed cake could be simultaneously used as emulsifier and antioxidant agent in emulsion system.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.719-726
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• 1997

This research was conducted to analyze the change of surface tension, viscosity, streaming current and conductivity of transformer oil when it were injected with the interface active substances.(anionic:S-111, cationic:S-121, amphoteric:S-131) The changes properties of the surface tension and viscosity of the oil which were injected with the interface active substances were divided into the changes area and the minimum reduction area. The surface tension and viscosity of the oil which were injected with three different kinds of interface active substances showed remarkable change at the point where the concentration of the substance in anionic, in cationic and in amphoteric were 100[ppm], 10[ppm] and 1[ppm] respectively. The streaming current and conductivity of the same sample oil were also changed at the same densities of the surface tension and viscosity. For this factor, it was possibile for us to interpret the mechanism of the streaming current and conductivity. Therefore the interface active substances of the three kinds were injected into the oil within the limit of optimal volume, prevention effects of electrification were showed more excellence than unmixed insulating oil.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2006

Seaweed biotechnology is a multidisciplinary subject to produce food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and environmental remediation materials from seaweed resources. It uses various techniques of cell culture, enzyme reaction and genetic manipulation to increase the production efficiency of useful seaweeds or their products. Firstly, an overview of key topics will be introduced in the fields of seaweed tissue culture, strain improvement, genetic analysis briefly as basic techniques. Secondly, some biologically active substances such as anti-inflammatory and antifouling substances that have been screened in my laboratory will be focused.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.253-265
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• 1986

Among 230 species of herbal drugs screened, thirty one show the anthelmintic activities in vitro against Clonorchis sinensis, the chinese liver fluke. The active substances have been isolated and their structures identified. Some of the active substances and their derivatives have been synthesized, followed by anthelmintic activity tests. The extracts from the active drugs cause damages in organs of the adult worm in the hepatic duct of rabbit. Some fresh water fish, which function as bad hosts for the fluke, excrete defense substances against the cercaria of the fluke. The defense substances have been isolated from Cyprinus carpio and Cyprinus carpio nudus, followed by structural identification. The results are summarized as follows: l) The bark of Machilus thunbergii as well as the seed of Schizandra chinensis contain meso-dihydro-guaiaretic acid as the anthelmintic component. Among derivatives synthesized, 4-phenyl-1-((3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-, 4-phenyl-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy phenyl)-and 4-phenyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-2, 3-dimethyl butanes show considerable activities. Administration of the bark extract mainly damages the bladder of the adult worm. 2) The active substance from the roasted fruit of Prunus mume is 2-hydroxymethylfurfural. This substance is produced during the roasting process. Administration of the fruitextract causes a damage of the bladder of the adult worm. 3) The active substance from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis is 5.2'-dihydroxy-6, 7, 8, 6'-tetramethoxyflavone. 4) Beside alantolactone, a very strong anthelmintic component is contained in the root of Inula helenium. Administration of the root extract causes irreversible damage on the worm, affecting mainly the reproductive organs. 5) The cercaricidal substances from the epidermis of C. carpio and C. carpio nudus are ethyl linoleate and linoleic acid, respertively. 6) The cercaricidal substances from various kinds of fresh water fish have different $R_f$ values, implying that the defense substances are species-specific. Unexpectedly, the fish with good host function, for example Pseudorasbora parva, excrete the defense substances, too. The defense substances are possibly organ-specific in individual species; the organs essenstial for the existence of the species excrete the defense substances, allowing other parts to be invaded by the cercaria. 7) The cercaricidal fraction of Carassius carassius is detected only in the fish which have been collected during the summer time from May to September, Its secretion is not dependent on water temperature. Thus, it seems to be possible that the secretion of the defense substance would be stimulated through a contact between the fish and cercaria.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.759-770
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• 2022

Background: Aerobic cellular respiration provides chemical energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to maintain multiple cellular functions. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) can deacetylate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis. Targeting energy metabolism is a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cardiac and neurological disorders. Ginsenosides, one of the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, have been extensively used due to their diverse beneficial effects on healthy subjects and patients with different diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of total ginsenosides (GS) on energy metabolism remain unclear. Methods: In this study, oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, mitochondrial biosynthesis, glucose metabolism, and SIRT1-PGC-1α pathways in untreated and GS-treated different cells, fly, and mouse models were investigated. Results: GS pretreatment enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity and ATP production in aerobic respiration-dominated cardiomyocytes and neurons, and promoted tricarboxylic acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, GS clearly enhanced NAD⁺-dependent SIRT1 activation to increase mitochondrial biosynthesis in cardiomyocytes and neurons, which was completely abrogated by nicotinamide. Importantly, ginsenoside monomers, such as Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rh1, Rb2, and Rb3, were found to activate SIRT1 and promote energy metabolism. Conclusion: This study may provide new insights into the extensive application of ginseng for cardiac and neurological protection in healthy subjects and patients.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.147-158
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the influences of abnormal high temperature on growth, yield and physiologically active substances of the strawberry. General strawberry cultivars in the $20^{\circ}C$ growth condition showed much better growth of leaf number, length, diameter along with plant height, compared with those in $22.5^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$. But the cultivars of both 'Sulhyang' and 'Mehyang' showed good growth and development at $25^{\circ}C$ with the roots showing great growth at $20^{\circ}C$. The quality and yield of the strawberry were best in the $20^{\circ}C$ growth condition, but the merchantability deteriorated in the $25^{\circ}C$ high temperature condition. As for the content of the physiologically active substances of the strawberry, it increased at $20^{\circ}C$, the optimum growth temperature, but decreased at $25^{\circ}C$. The physiologically active substances in the strawberry differed among the cultivars, the contents of cyanidin-3-glucoside, cinchonine, ellagic acid and cinnamic acid higher in the 'Mehyang', whereas the content of fisetin is higher in the 'Sulhyang' cultivar.Consequentially, the high temperature in summer has a negative effect on the physiological active ingredients of the strawberry, which was increased in the strawberry cultivated at proper temperature, and high quality strawberry production was possible.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The commercial biopesticides containing Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extracts which have been registered as one of the ingredients of the commercial biopesticide by the organic agriculture materials, and have been widely used in Republic of Korea. However, the quantitative analysis method of the active substances for the commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract has not been conducted.METHODS AND RESULTS: To analyze the quantitative analysis of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene as active substances of C. ambrosioides L. extract, hydrophilic lipophilic balance cartridge was used for solid phase extraction. The active substances were analyzed by the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The limit of quantitation values of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene were 10, 5, and 2 mg/L, and the recovery rates were 96.3, 84.0, and 82.5% in liquid products and 98.3, 99.1, and 97.3% in solid products, respectively. The total content of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene in the commercial biopesticides was ranged from 0.08 to 12.75%.CONCLUSION: From these results, this method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of the active substances of commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07d
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• pp.1410-1412
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find the way to prevent the electrostatics from the interface of liquid and solid by adding interface active substances to the insulating oil with concentration. As results, The streaming current, surface tension, and viscosity decreased and conductivity increased at the higher point than the c.m.c. which resulted from, the adding of the interface active substances.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.387-395
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• 2006

To isolate and purify anti-fungal active substances from immunized housefly (Musca domestica), low dose of Candida albicans was injected into the larvae of the housefly to induce the appearance of potent anti-fungal active substances in the hemolymph. This purification work was performed by the routine isolation and purification processes of protein, namely, solid phase extraction (SPE), SDS-PACE electrophoresis, HPLC purification. Three 4-16 kDa peptides which exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albican and other fungi were isolated from induced hemolymph. Consequently, further anti-fungal activity study showed that these three peptides were different either in molecular weight or in anti-fungal activity. All isolated substances were proved to be active and resistant to high-temperature. It was deduced that these peptides isolated from induced housefly were novel members of the insect defensin family and they were inducible.