• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2006

Eighty-five percent methanol extract of Agrimonia pilosa has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans (bacterial leaf spot pathogen), Ralstonia solanacearum (tomato bacterial wilt pathogen) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Tobacco wild fire pathogen.). The active substance was purified by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. The molecular weight of the active compound was determined by LC-Mass as 687.2. With NMR analysis, the active substance was identified as Agrimol B.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.605-609
• /
• 1993

Active metabolites in rat bile after an intravenous injection of $[^3H]$ pteroylglutamic acid(PteGlu)were studies using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Predominant four radioactive metabolites and parent compound PteGlu were detected on the chromatogram of HPLC with liquid scintillation counting system. These metabolites were identified as tetrahydrofolate, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and para-aminobenzoyl glutamate. The identification of active folate metabolites was based on the consistency of retention time profiles and hydrodynamic voltammograms which were obtained by HPLC with the electrochemical detection system, and characteristics of UV absorbance spectra obtained by HPLC with photodiode array detection system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.319-325
• /
• 2019

Background: Ginsenoside Rf is a ginseng saponin found only in Panax ginseng that affects lipid metabolism. It also has neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties. We previously showed that Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by hypoxia via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possibility of ginsenoside Rf as an active ingredient of KRG in the inhibition of hypoxia-induced COX-2 via $PPAR{\gamma}$. Methods: The effects of ginsenoside Rf on the upregulation of COX-2 by hypoxia and its antimigration effects were evaluated in A549 cells. Docking of ginsenoside Rf was performed with the $PPAR{\gamma}$ structure using Surflex-Dock in Sybyl-X 2.1.1. Results: $PPAR{\gamma}$ protein levels and peroxisome proliferator response element promoter activities were promoted by ginsenoside Rf. Inhibition of COX-2 expression by ginsenoside Rf was blocked by the $PPAR{\gamma}-specific$ inhibitor, T0070907. The $PPAR{\gamma}$ inhibitor also blocked the ability of ginsenoside Rf to suppress cell migration under hypoxia. The docking simulation results indicate that ginsenoside Rf binds to the active site of $PPAR{\gamma}$. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ginsenoside Rf inhibits hypoxia induced-COX-2 expression and cellular migration, which are dependent on $PPAR{\gamma}$ activation. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rf has an antiinflammatory effect under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, docking analysis of ginsenoside Rf into the active site of $PPAR{\gamma}$ suggests that the compound binds to $PPAR{\gamma}$ in a position similar to that of known agonists.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to isolate a herbicidally active compound from curly dock (Rumex crispus), a native weed in Korea and to identify its' chemistry. The $GR_{50}$ value of methanol extracts which is determined by a seed bioassay using rapeseed (Brassica napus) seedlings was $935\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. Activity-directed isolation of ethylacetate extract led to the isolation of ECDA fraction with $GR_{50}$ value $53\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. Based on data of GC-MS, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, the chemical structure of ECDA was determined as 2H-furo[2,3-H]-[1]-benzopyran-2-one which is known as angelicin. The $GR_{50}$ values of angelicin to barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris), and indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica) were 426, 66 and $216\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, respectively. Our results suggest that angelicin could be used as a lead compound for the development of new herbicides.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 1998

We have screened total 32 herbal drugs to find the highest activity against human cariogenic enzyme, glucosyltransferase (GTase) from the extracts of Magnoliae bark. The extracts were separated into three phases, i. e. water, n-butanol and ethylacetate according to their solvent polarity. Among them, ethylacetate fraction had approximately more than 70% of total activities, and the active principle was further isolated by prep. HPLC following silicagel column chromatography to yield single compound as white powder. The chemical structure of the compound was finally elucidated to be 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxylignan from the spectral data of FAB-MS. $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ spectrometries. The compound was also shown to have relatively strong antibacterial activity against ten types of cariogenic oral bacteria and one kind of Actinomyces sp.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.470-474
• /
• 2011

The objectives of this study were to identify antioxidant substance in heated onion. The isolation of active compound was performed in three steps: silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. The structure of the purified compound was determined using spectroscopic methods, i.e., ultraviolet, mass spectrometry, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, and DEPT. The antioxidant activities of isolated compound were evaluated and compared with $\alpha$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) using DPPH and ABTS assay. The isolated compound was identified as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one(DDMP). The DPPH radical-scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$) of the DDMP was in the following order: ascorbic acid (45.3 ${\mu}g/mL$)>$\alpha$-tocopherol (69.2 ${\mu}g/mL$)>DDMP (241.6 ${\mu}g/mL$)>BHT (268.0 ${\mu}g/mL$). In addition, DDMP showed strong ABTS radical-scavenging activity of 569.0 mg AA eq/g.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2007

Compound K (CK) is a final metabolite of panaxadiol ginsenosides. Although panax ginseng is known to have anti-diabetic activity, the active ingredient is not yet fully identified. Therefore, it would be interesting to know whether and how CK has an anti-diabetic activity. First, insulin secretion-stimulating activity of CK was examined using RIN-m5F cell line and primary cultured islets. CK enhanced the insulin secretion in a concentration dependent manner. This effect, however, was almost completely abolished in the presence of diazoxide, $K^+$ channel opener, indicating that the insulin secretion-stimulating activity of CK is presumably due to blockade of ATP sensitive $K^+$ channel. In addition, effects of CK on gene expressions of hepatic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase[PEPCK], glucose-6-phos-phatase[G6Pase]) and on adipocyte differentiation in H4IIE and 3T3-Ll cells, respectively, were examined. CK suppressed the induction of PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA expressions under the dexamethasone/cAMP stimulation condition. CK also reduced the $PPAR-{\gamma}$ mRNA expression and triglyceride accumulation in a dose dependent manner as compared to the control. The present study suggests that CK deserves to examine whether it shows an anti-diabetic activity in animal and human studies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.504-511
• /
• 2018

Background: The biological activities of ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) are associated with type, number, and position of sugar moieties linked to aglycone skeletons. Deglycosylated minor ginsenosides are known to be more biologically active than major ginsenosides. Accordingly, the deglycosylation of major ginsenosides can provide the multibioactive effects of ginsenosides. The purpose of this study was to transform ginsenoside Rb2, one of the protopanaxadiol-type major ginsenosides, into minor ginsenosides using ${\beta}$-glycosidase (BG-1) purified from Armillaria mellea mycelium. Methods: Ginsenoside Rb2 was hydrolyzed by using BG-1; the hydrolytic properties of Rb2 by BG-1 were also characterized. In addition, the influence of reaction conditions such as reaction time, pH, and temperature, and transformation pathways of Rb2, Rd, F2, compound O (C-O), and C-Y by treatment with BG-1 were investigated. Results: BG-1 first hydrolyzes 3-O-outer ${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucoside of Rb2, then 3-O-${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucoside of C-O into C-Y. C-Y was gradually converted into C-K with a prolonged reaction time, but the pathway of Rb2 ${\rightarrow}$ Rd ${\rightarrow}$ F2 ${\rightarrow}$ C-K was not observed. The optimum reaction conditions for C-Y and C-K formation from Rb2 by BG-1 were pH 4.0-4.5, temperature $45-60^{\circ}C$, and reaction time 72-96 h. Conclusion: ${\beta}$-Glycosidase purified from A. mellea mycelium can be efficiently used to transform Rb2 into C-Y and C-K. To our best knowledge, this is the first result of transformation from Rb2 into C-Y and C-K by basidiomycete mushroom enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 2000

Antimicrobial and antioxidative activities on heartwood extractives from Zelkova serrata were investigated to develop a natural fungicide or preservative. The ethanol extract from Z. serrata was fractionated in the order of petroleum ether, diethylether and ethylacetate to determine antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms was found in the petroleum ether soluble fraction. An active antimicrobial compound was isolated from petroleum ether soluble fraction, and identified as 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene by $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR and EI-MS spectrometry. This compound showed higher antifungal activity, but lower antibacterial activity than hinokitiol(${\beta}$-thujaplicin), strong antimicrobial compound isolated from Thujopsis dolabrata. Antioxidative activity was also higher than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and similar to BHT(butylated hydroxytoluene), one of the strongest synthetic antioxidant. As a result, it was concluded that 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene isolated from Z. serrata had strong antifungal and antioxidative activities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.511-515
• /
• 2003

Quinazolinones, 2-substituted and 3-substituted, mainly synthesized by microwave irradiation, were subjected to anti-platelet aggregation and inhibition of superoxide anion generation assays. Interestingly, 2-phenyl-4-quinazolinone (4) exhibited significant inhibitory activities toward platelet aggregation and neutrophil activation, and it might therefore serve as a prototype lead compound.