• 제목/요약/키워드: activated gas

검색결과 491건 처리시간 0.025초

불소화 처리된 페놀계 활성탄소를 이용한 톨루엔 가스흡착 특성 (Adsorption Characteristics of Toluene Gas Using Fluorinated Phenol-based Activated Carbons)

  • 김민지;정민정;김민일;최석순;이영석
    • 공업화학
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.587-592
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    • 2015
  • 휘발성 유기화합물(Volatile organic compounds, VOCs) 중 톨루엔 가스의 흡착특성을 향상시키기 위하여 불소화 반응을 이용하여 활성탄소를 처리하였다. 이 활성탄소의 기공특성과 표면특성 평가를 위하여 비표면적 측정기와 X선광전자분광법(XPS)을 사용하여 분석하였고, 가스크로마토그래피를 이용하여 톨루엔 가스 흡착능과 제거효율을 고찰하였다. 100 ppm의 톨루엔 가스가 $300cm^3/min$으로 주입될 때, 불소화 처리된 활성탄소의 파과시간이 미처리 활성탄소에 비하여 약 27% 증가하였다. 0.1 g의 불소처리 활성탄소 흡착재는 19 h의 흡착시간 동안 100 ppm 농도의 톨루엔 가스를 모두 제거하였다. 이러한 실험 결과들은 톨루엔과 같은 발암성 물질을 제거하는 처리 기술로 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

전자빔이 조사된 활성탄소섬유 기반 가스센서의 일산화질소 감지 특성 (Nitric Oxide Sensing Property of Gas Sensor Based on Activated Carbon Fiber Radiated by Electron-beam)

  • 이상민;정민정;이경민;이영석
    • 공업화학
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.299-305
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    • 2017
  • 활성탄소섬유가 전사선 조사에 의해 표면 개질되었고, NO가스 감지 능력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 이를 가스센서 전극으로 이용하였다. XPS 분석결과는 전자선에 의하여 표면처리된 활성탄소섬유의 산소 성분이 감소하였으며 표면의 $sp^2$ 결합탄소가 증가한 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 전자빔 조사에 따른 활성탄소섬유 표면의 구조적 변형때문으로 사료된다. 100 kGy의 전자빔이 조사된 활성탄소섬유 전극의 NO가스 민감도는 약 4%에서 약 8%로 크게 증가하였고, 그 감지 시간 또한 약 360 s에서 120 s로 의미 있게 향상되었다. 이러한 결과는 활성탄소섬유의 전자빔 조사에 의하여 $sp^2$ 탄소 결합의 증가때문에 기인한 것으로, 이는 NO가스 센싱에 대한 전극저항 변화에 상당히 영향을 주었다.

Self-activated Graphene Gas Sensors: A Mini Review

  • Kim, Taehoon;Eom, Tae Hoon;Jang, Ho Won
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.220-226
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    • 2020
  • Graphene has been widely considered a promising candidate for high-quality chemical sensors, owing to its outstanding characteristics, such as sensitive gas adsorption at room temperature, high conductivity, high flexibility, and high transparency. However, the main drawback of a graphene-based gas sensor is the necessity for external heaters due to its slow response, incomplete recovery, and low selectivity at room temperature. Conventional heating devices have limitations such as large volume, thermal safety issues, and high power consumption. Moreover, metal-based heating systems cannot be applied to transparent and flexible devices. Thus, to solve this problem, a method of supplying the thermal energy necessary for gas sensing via the self-heating of graphene by utilizing its high carrier mobility has been studied. Herein, we provide a brief review of recent studies on self-activated graphene-based gas sensors. This review also describes various strategies for the self-activation of graphene sensors and the enhancement of their sensing properties.

활성탄소섬유에 도입된 산소작용기가 유독성 화학작용제 감응특성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Oxygen Functional Groups introduced onto Activated Carbon Fibers on Gas Sensing Property of Chemical Warfare Agent)

  • 김수현;김민지;송은지;이영석
    • 공업화학
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.719-725
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    • 2019
  • 본 실험에서는 활성탄소섬유에 산소플라즈마 처리를 실시하여 산소작용기 도입 함량에 따른 유독성 화학작용제의 모사 가스인 dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) 감응특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 산소플라즈마 처리 유량이 증가할수록 활성탄소섬유 표면에 산소가 6.90%에서 최대 36.6%까지 도입되어 DMMP 가스 감응특성에 영향을 미치는 -OH가 증가하였다. 그러나 유량이 증가할수록 산소플라즈마 처리 시 발생한 산소 활성종으로 인하여 활성탄소섬유 표면에 식각이 발생하여 비표면적은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. DMMP 가스센서의 저항변화율은 산소플라즈마 처리 유량이 증가함에 따라 4.2%에서 최대 25.1%까지 증가하였다. 이는 산소플라즈마 처리로 인하여 활성탄소섬유에 발달된 -OH와 DMMP 가스의 수소결합으로 인한 것이라 여겨진다. 따라서 산소플라즈마 처리는 상온에서 유독성화학작용제 가스를 감지하기 위한 중요한 표면처리 방법 중 하나라고 판단된다.

정수슬러지 유래 흡착제와 첨착활성탄의 암모니아 및 포름알데히드 기체 흡착 성능 비교 (Comparison of Adsorption Performance of Ammonia and Formaldehyde Gas Using Adsorbents Prepared from Water Treatment Sludge and Impregnated Activated Carbon)

  • 이철호;박나영;김고운;전종기
    • 공업화학
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 정수슬러지를 원료로 사용하여 펠렛형 흡착제를 제조하고 질소흡착법, XRD, XRF 및 암모니아 승온탈착법 등을 사용하여 물리 화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 정수슬러지 유래 펠렛형 흡착제와 첨착활성탄의 암모니아 및 포름알데히드 기체의 흡착 성능을 비교하였다. 정수슬러지로부터 제조된 펠렛형 흡착제는 첨착활성탄보다 표면적과 기공부피는 훨씬 작지만 암모니아를 훨씬 더 많이 흡착할 수 있었다. 이는 정수슬러지로부터 제조된 펠렛형 흡착제 표면에 산점이 훨씬 더 많이 분포해 있어서 화학흡착에 의해 암모니아를 흡착하기 때문이다. 반면에, 산성가스인 포름알데히드 가스 흡착의 경우는 넓은 표면적과 발달된 기공으로 인하여 첨착활성탄의 흡착성능이 정수슬러지로부터 제조된 펠렛형 흡착제에 비해 훨씬 우수하였다.

A Study on the Optimization of Microwave System for the Preparation of Activated Carbon

  • Kim, Dong-Sik;Park, Hwa-Chun;Byeon, Kyeong-Hwa
    • Carbon letters
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2002
  • In the reaction of gas-solid phases, the microwave energy plays a role as a catalyst, because it causes friction between adjacent molecules and enables an unique characteristics of interior heating of the materials. When the dipole gases are adsorbed inside of the pore of carbon materials, the gases are decomposed by the microwave energy and reacted with the carbon atoms. Using this principle, we could make the activated carbon from coconut shell within 20 minute, and this residence time for activation is about 1/16 of rotary kiln. The BET surface area of activated carbon made by microwave is about $1,100m^2/g$ similar to conventional method of rotary kiln. In this study, the power of microwave generator was 400~1000W, and the gas for activation was steam mainly.

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하수슬러지의 혐기성 소화에 미치는 가용화 전처리의 효과 (Effects of Solubilization Pretreatment of Wastewater Sludge on Anaerobic Digestion)

  • 박기영;김대영;정태학
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.117-126
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    • 2000
  • Solubilization pretreatments were conducted to enhance the anaerobic digestion of the waste activated sludge. Four pretreatment techniques including heating, sonication freezing and thawing, and enzyme addition were employed to solubilize the waste activated sludge under various conditions. Thermal pretreatment by heating showed the highest efficiency compared with other methods, and freezing and thawing was confirmed as a feasible alternative of solubilization as well as the pretreatment of dewatering. There is a clear correlation between the solubilization efficiency of the waste activated sludge and the gas production. Batch digestion results showed the cumulative gas production as much as four times after thermal pretreatment as compared with that by the control sludge without pretreatment. As a result, hydrolysis or solubilization pretreatment might play a significant role in the high rate digestion of the waste activated sludge.

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Evaluation of decontamination factor of radioactive methyl iodide on activated carbons at high humid conditions

  • Choi, Byung-Seon;Kim, Seon-Byeong;Moon, Jeikwon;Seo, Bum-Kyung
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권5호
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    • pp.1519-1523
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    • 2021
  • Radioactive iodine (131I) released from nuclear power plants has been a critical environmental concern for workers. The effective trapping of radioactive iodine isotopes from the off-gas stream generated from nuclear facilities is an important issue in radioactive waste treatment systems evaluation. Numerous studies on retaining methyl iodide (CH3I131) by impregnated activated carbons under the high content of moisture have been extensively studied so far. But there have been no good results on how to remove methyl iodide at high humid conditions up to now. A new challenge is to introduce other promising impregnating chemical agents that are able to uptake enough radioactive methyl iodide under high humid conditions. In order to develop a good removal efficiency to control radioiodine gas generated from a high humid process, activated carbons (ACs) impregnated with triethylene diamine (TEDA) and qinuclidine (QUID) were prepared. In addition, the removal efficiencies of the activated carbons (ACs) under humid conditions up to 95% RH were evaluated by applying the standard method specified in ASTM-D3808. Quinuclidine impregnated activated carbon showed a much higher decontamination factor above 1,000, which is enough to meet the regulation index for the iodine filters in nuclear power plants (NPPs).

기상 활성화법에 의한 대나무 활성탄 제조 (Production of Activated Carbon from Bamboo by Gas Activation Method)

  • 조광주;박영철
    • 에너지공학
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.166-172
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    • 2004
  • The activated carbon was produced from Sancheong bamboo by steam and carbon dioxide gas activation methods. The carbonization of raw material was conducted at 90$0^{\circ}C$ and gas activation reactions were conducted with respect to various conditions. -activation temperature 750-90$0^{\circ}C$, the flow rate of steam 0.5-2g-$H_2O$/g-char$.$hr, the flow rate of carbon dioxide 5-30$m\ell$-$CO_2$/g-char-min and activation time 1-5 hr. The prepared activated carbons were measured yield, the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue, BET specific surface area and pore size distribution. The adsorption capacity of iodine (680.5-1526.1 mg/g) and methylene blue (18.3-221.5 mg/g) increased with creasing activation temperature and activation time. The adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue increased with the activation gas quantity in the range of 0.5-1.5g-$H_2O$/g-charㆍhr, 5-18.9$m\ell$-Co$_2$/g-charㆍmin. But those decreased over those range due to the pore shrinkage. The steam activation method was superior in efficiency to carbon dioxide activation method.