• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.610-623
• /
• 2005

This was a theoretical study of which the goal was to provide a foundation for developing and implementing earth science inquiry activities based on abduction as a scientific inquiry method. Through a review of relevant literature, the study examined the nature of earth science in terms of the goals of earth science inquiry and the characteristics of what is investigated in earth science. It also explored the forms and meanings of abduction, thinking strategies used in the abductive inference, and the abductive inquiry model. Abduction is the process of inferring certain rules (e.g., scientific facts, principles, laws) and providing explanatory statements or hypotheses in order to explain some phenomena. This method was found to be well-suited to the earth science inquiry which studies the causes and processes of natural phenomena in the earth and space environment. Abduction has the nature of ampliative, selective, evaluative, and creative inference, and several thinking strategies, including reconstruction of data, heuristic generalization, analogy, existential, conceptual combination, and elimination strategies, are employed for inferring rules and suggesting hypotheses. This study found the abductive inquiry model to be adaptable to earth science classrooms, and it is therefore suggested that earth science instructions should be based on the abductive method and that research work concerning the abductive inquiry in the classroom should follow.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.586-601
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify the scientists' abductive reasoning in three stages of hypothetical-deductive inquiry process; generating hypothesis, designing, and interpreting data and to suggest new analytic coding frames on abductive reasoning in each of the stages. For this purpose, the interview protocols collected through in-depth interviews with eight scientists were analyzed by the early frame with sub-elements derived from the literature reviews. The need of a new frame of analysis beyond the previously established elements arose from the result of this analysis because the processes of abductive reasoning were found in all three stages. Based on scientists' interview data, this study then designed a new frame of analytic coding frames on the abductive reasoning in each of the stages. The content validity index from four experts was 0.90, and these frames showed a good fit to analyze the scientists' real process of abduction in three stages of hypothetical-deductive inquiry process.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.551-561
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate both theoretically and empirically the roles of models in abductive reasoning for scientific problem solving. The context of the study is design-based research the goal of which is to develop inquiry learning programs in the domain of earth science, and the current article dealt with an early process of redesigning an abductive inquiry activity in geology. In the theoretical study, an extensive review was conducted with the literature addressing abduction and modeling together as research methods characterizing earth science. The result led to a tentative scheme for modeling-based abductive inference, which represented relationships among evidence, resource models, and explanatory models. This scheme was improved by the empirical study in which experts' reasoning for solving a geological problem was analyzed. The new scheme included the roles of critical evidence, critical resource models, and a scientifically sound explanatory model. Pedagogical implications for the support of student reasoning in modeling-based abductive inquiry in earth science was discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.818-831
• /
• 2007

Recognizing the importance of abductive inquiry in Earth science, some theoretical approaches that deploy abduction have been researched. And, it is necessary that the abductive inquiry in a geological field excursion as a vivid locale of Earth science inquiry should be researched. We developed a geological field trip based on the abductive learning model, and investigated students' abductive inference, thinking strategies used in those inferences, and the impact of a teacher's pedagogical intervention on students' abductive inference. Results showed that students, during the field excursion, could accomplish abductive inference about rock identification, process of different rock generation, joints generation in metamorpa?ic rocks, and terrains at the field trip area. They also used various thinking strategies in finding appropriate rules to construe the facts observed at outcrops. This means that it is significant for the enhancement of abductive reasoning skills that students experience such inquiries as scientists do. In addition, a teacher's pedagogical interventions didn't ensure the content of students' inference while they helped students perform abductive reasoning and guided their use of specific thinking strategies. Students had found reasoning rules to explain the 01: served facts from their wrong prior knowledge. Therefore, during a geological field excursion, teachers need to provide students with proper background knowledge and information in order that students can reason rues for persuasive abductive inference, and construe the geological features of the field trip area by the establishment of appropriate hypotheses.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.531-554
• /
• 2020

In order to provide explanations of the practice of the abductive inquiry-based outdoor geological fieldwork education, this study examined the characteristics of students' performance in geological fieldwork before and after the introduction of explicit learning of geologic knowledge and inquiry. To this end, a 21st-class program was developed in the order of pre-evaluation, initial fieldwork, explicit learning of geologic knowledge and inquiry, and post-evaluation and applied to nine middle school students. As research data, outdoor geological fieldwork class recording data and students' activity sheets were collected and analyzed qualitatively. As a result, during the initial fieldwork, students caught clues of low geological importance and used everyday experience and/or general scientific knowledge as a rule when asked to generate hypotheses about the origin of the clues. Also, students evaluated their hypotheses by the scientific accuracy of the rule or their own criterion. Meanwhile, during the final fieldwork, students frequently caught key clues in geologic perspectives and generated geological event hypotheses related to the clues by borrowing geologic knowledge as a rule. Furthermore, students scientifically evaluated their hypotheses based on the consistency of evidence and rules. Combining these results, the effects of learners' geological knowledge and inquiry (abduction) abilities as a path model were presented in order to help students carry out a proficient abductive inquiry in geological fieldwork.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.901-919
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze abductive reasoning on the inquiry of scientists and elementary school gifted children in science. Subjects for this study were eight scientists and eight elementary school gifted children in science studying in the Academy of Gifted Child Education in Science affiliated with Seoul National University of Education. As a result, abductive reasoning on the scientific inquiry of scientists and gifted children showed the three stages of generating hypotheses, designing the experiments, and interpreting the results. The abductive reasoning in each stage characterized the five types as complex abduction, analogical abduction, observation-based abduction, logic-based abduction, selective abduction. The sub-reasoning process of the abductive reasoning of gifted children in science differed in some ways from that of scientists. First, for most scientists, representing a method or representing a casual explican appeared after searching for the characteristics of variables but for gifted children in science, searching for the characteristics of variables appeared after representing a method. Second, scientists tend to rely on logic-based abduction but gifted children in science tend to rely on observationbased abduction. Third, scientists reason by the similar rate in three steps: generating the hypothesis, designing the experience, interpreting the results. On the other hand, most gifted children in science reason about designing the experience.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.02a
• /
• pp.13-13
• /
• 2004

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.465-481
• /
• 2017

This study is a research synthesis analyzing how field geology education is conducted in domestic and foreign countries in the recent 20 years and how it reflects the characteristics of authentic geologic inquiry. For these purposes, we first drew five elements of inquiry in field geology (observation, representation, abductive reasoning, spatial thinking, and diachronic thinking) considering the field geologists' actual research method as well as its pedagogical significance in science education. We developed analysis criteria for field geology education. The 53 cases were analyzed based on each element of inquiry in field geology and its sub-elements, and also the tendency of overall elements. As a result, observation and representation were included in most cases, but there appeared less frequency in order of abductive reasoning, spatial thinking, and diachronic thinking. For observation, the ratio of purposive observation and autonomous observation is high. For representation, both visualizing and linguistic type of representation and free-form representation appear frequently. For abductive reasoning, the step of generating hypothesis is often included and the hypothesis tends to be about the geological formatting process. For spatial thinking, type of self-location and perception of the spatial configuration of the structure appear at a high rate. For diachronic thinking, type of stratigraphic sequence is the most frequent. The proportions of the cases including three or more elements of inquiry in field geology consist 87% of the total. We suggested implications for improving geological fieldwork as authentic science inquiry in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.128-142
• /
• 2011

The goal of this study was to investigate how hypotheses were elaborated after their initial appearances in the context of scientific problem solving. Data were collected from a class in which preservice elementary school teachers in groups carried out abductive inquiry of earth science. The analysis revealed two major processes of hypothesis elaboration: theory-driven and evidence-driven. The theory-driven process was in turn distinguished into two kinds of subprocesses: one is in pursuit of internal coherence and the other external coherence. The evidencedriven elaboration also had two subprocesses, which were triggered by direct evidence and indirect or analogical evidence, respectively. In addition, hypotheses were more often than not modified by a wrong theory or evidence whether it was driven by a theory or evidence. Implications for science education and related research were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.476-486
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary gifted students' characteristics of observing and inferring in the inquiry activities. For this study, 40 students of the 4th and 5th grades participated in inquiry activities where the strata were developed well, Haenam Uhangri province. And we analyzed the outcomes of students' inquiry activities. The results are as follows. First, 119 units as observing results were obtained, but most of them showed that they were not focused on the portion of stratus, but that they were implicated in whole stratus as observing object. Second, 90 units were collected with reasoning results, but 4 units of them were wrong in constructing of inferring. Based on outcomes of students' inferring, elementary students preferred to apply deductive inferring method rather than use abductive inferring. Third, only 39 of 119 units acquired from observing were used for constructing inferring and 80 which were discovered from observing activities were discarded without applying of inquiry activities. Fourth, about 42% of students' inferring results were in accord with them of the geologists. But 58% views which didn't agree with geologists showed that they were applied to misconceptions among constructing inferring.