• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2018

Background: Unfractionated heparin is commonly used for anticoagulation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Several studies have shown that nafamostat mesilate (NM) has comparable clinical outcomes to unfractionated heparin. This study compared anticoagulation with NM and heparin in a large-animal model. Methods: Beagle dogs (n=8; weight, 6.5-9 kg) were placed on venovenous ECMO. Blood samples were taken every hour and the following parameters were compared: hemoglobin level, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thromboelastography (TEG) data, platelet function, and inflammatory cytokine levels. Results: In both groups, the aPTT was longer than the baseline value. Although the aPTT in the NM group was shorter than in the heparin group, the TEG parameters were similar between the 2 groups. Hemoglobin levels decreased in both groups, but the decrease was less with NM than with heparin (p=0.049). Interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ levels significantly decreased in the NM group (p=0.01), but there was no difference in the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha or IL-10 between the 2 groups. Conclusion: NM showed a similar anticoagulant effect to that of unfractionated heparin, with fewer bleeding complications. NM also had anti-inflammatory properties during ECMO. Based on this preclinical study, NM may be a good alternative candidate for anticoagulation in ECMO.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.327.1-327.1
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• 2002

Glycosaminoglycans(PT -Gag) were isolated from the porcine testis. From the PT -Gag, we obtained two different types of Gag fractions using Dowex macro porous Resin MSA-1 column, PT -Gag-1.5% NaCl and PT -Gag-16% NaCl. Various biological activities of the GAGs were examined in aspect of anticoagulant and immunomodulating activity. The anticoagulant activity of the GAGs was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT ) assay and thrombin time (TT) assay. The GAGs of porcine testis markedly incresed the clotting times of both of aPTT and TT. showing that PT-Gag-16% NaCl was more effective than PT-Gag-1.5% NaCl. The immunomodulating activityof the GAGs was examined in relation to regulation of xytoxine prodution of murine peritoeal maerophages. Taken together. GAGs isolated from porcine testis possess bilolgical functions such as anticoagulant and immunomodulating activity.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.276.2-276.2
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• 2002

Glycosaminoglycans(PT -Gag) were isolated from the porcine testis. From the PT -Gag. we obtained two different types of Gag fractions using Dowex macroporous Resin MSA-1 column. PT-Gag-1.5% NaCl and PT -Gag-16% NaCl. Various biological activities of the GAGs were examined in aspect of anticoagulant and immunomodulating activity. The anticoagulant activity of the GAGs was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT ) assay and thrombin time (TT) assay. The GAGs of porcine testis markedly increased the clotting times of both of aPTT and TT. showing that PT-Gag-16% NaCl was more effective than PT-Gag-1.5% NaCl. The immunomodulating activity of the GAGs was examined in relation to regulation of cytokine production of mutine peritoneal macrophages. Treatment with the GAGs promonently enhanced the prodution of cytokines. IFN-${\gamma}$, from macrophages. Taken together. GAGs isolated from porcine testis possess biological functions such as anticoagulant and immunomodulating activity.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1321-1328
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• 2015

A radio is a half-duplex voice communication method using the PTT(: Push To Talk), occupy a single line calls during transmission. As an interface between the telephone and the radio, UHF and VHF, for voice communication between the different heterogeneous devices, A device automatically switches between the two devices is required. Therefore, in accordance with the performance of the voice switching apparatus for detecting a voice to be transmitted from an input signal, loss of the audio signal to be transmitted is subjected to Significant influence. Conventional method has the problem responding to noise by setting the level through simple means of amplitude of input signal, in other words, the energy level of the input signal. This paper, by using the audio signal processing techniques, this discriminated what the voice is among the input signal and substantiated a device for the automatic voice transmission between heterogeneous devices. With this proposal, I was confirmed of improvement of performance in the automatic voice switching device, could perform loss-less transmission of voice between heterogeneous devices.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

Artemisia princeps Pampanini (AP) has been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, China and Japan and reported to exhibit various beneficial biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic and lipid lowering activities; however, its antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties have not been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of an ethanol extract of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (EAP) and its major flavonoids, eupatilin and jaceosidin, on platelet aggregation and coagulation. To determine the antiplatelet activity, arachidonic acid (AA)-, collagen- and ADP (adenosine diphosphate)-induced platelet aggregation were examined along with serotonin and thromboxane A2 ($TXA_2$) generation in vitro. The anticoagulant activity was determined by monitoring the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) in vitro. The data showed that EAP and its major flavonoids, eupatilin and jaceosidin, significantly reduced AA-induced platelet aggregation and the generation of serotonin and $TXA_2$, although no significant change in platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP was observed. Moreover, EAP significantly prolonged the PT and aPTT. The PT and/or aPTT were significantly increased in the presence of eupatilin and jaceosidin. Thus, these results suggest that EAP may have the potential to prevent or improve thrombosis by inhibiting platelet activation and blood coagulation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.377-381
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• 2007

Objective : High-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES) compromises blood coagulation more than does low-molecular-weight HES. We compared the effects of low- and high-molecular-weight HES for the treatment of vasospasm and investigated the dose relationship with each other. Methods : Retrospectively, in a series of consecutive 102 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 35 patients developed clinical symptoms of vasospasm of these fourteen patients were treated with low-molecular weight HES for volume expansion while the other 21 received high-molecular-weight HES as continuous intravenous infusion. Prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PIT), fibrinogen level, and platelet count were all measured prior to initiation, during treatment and after termination of therapy for symptomatic vasospasm. The total dose of HES ranged from 5 L to 14 L and median infusion duration was 10 days. Results : A more pronounced PTT prolongation was observed in high-molecular-weight HES group compared with low-molecular-weight HES group. No other coagulation parameters were altered. Dosage (=duration) shows a positive correlation with PTT. Clinically, significant bleeding episodes were noted in four patients who received high-molecular-weight HES. Conclusion : Coagulopathy was developed in direct proportion to molecular weight of starch and dosages. We propose the extreme caution in the administration of HES solution for the vasospasm treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.922-928
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop safe and novel anticoagulation agents from oriental medicinal herbs. From 33 medicinal herbs, 40 different ethanol extracts were prepared according to place of origin or extraction parts, and anticoagulation activities were evaluated by determination of thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The average water content and average extraction ratio for the medicinal herbs were $6.85{\pm}2.26%$ and $5.27{\pm}4.25%$, respectively. Evaluation of TT at various concentrations of the extract led to the selection of Mucuna birdwoodiana, Prunus armeniaca, Cacalia ainsliaeiflora, Cinnamonum aromaticum, and Rhus javanica Linneas potent antithrombosis medicinal herbs. Evaluation of PT and aPTT showed that the extracts of R.javanica Linne, M. birdwoodiana, and P. armeniaca have strong anticoagulation activities. Determination of hemolytic activities of 40 different ethanol extracts against human red blood cells, however, showed that only M. birdwoodiana, C. ainsliaeiflora, C. aromaticum, and R. javanica Linnehas strong anticoagulation activity without hemolytic activity at a concentration of 500 mg/ml. Our results suggest that oriental medicinal herbs, which are under a mass-production system, have potentialas a safe and novel source of anticoagulants, as well being a thrombin-specific and coagulation factor-specific inhibitor.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.515-521
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• 2014

The oriental traditional medicine, Aruncus dioicus var kamtschaticus (ADK) is used for hemostasis (blood stopping) and the promotion of blood circulation. Recently, the demands of the aerial part of ADK as edible mountain herbs are rapidly increased due to its unique fragrance and bioactivity. In this study, to evaluate the anti-thrombosis activity of ADK, ethanol extract and organic solvent fractions were prepared from aerial parts of ADK, and their anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activities were determined. In an anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extract of ADK increased the thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 1.4-2.3 times at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Among the fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed strong inhibitory effects against blood clotting factors, as shown in an extension of the aPTT. In contrast, the butanol fraction strongly promoted blood clotting. In an anti-platelet aggregation assay, the activity of the ethanol extract was comparable to that of aspirin, a commercial anti-platelet aggregation agent, and the butanol fraction showed 2-fold higher aggregation inhibitory activity than aspirin. The aforementioned ethanol extract and active fractions have ignorable hemolytic activity against human red blood cells up to a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Considering the high content of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total sugar of the ethylacetate and butanol fractions, the purified active substances have potential as safe and novel anti-thrombosis agents. This report provides the first evidence of anti-thrombosis activity of ADK.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.289-298
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• 2009

Effects of Nattokinase fibrinol (NKF), defined as a fibrinolytic product, on fibrinolytic and atherogenetic markers were studied for healthy adults (20-31 years old), who is smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. Subjects were divided into 29 for NKF group and 10 for placebo group in a short term study. They were given 2 tablets of NKF (4,000 unit) or placebo tablet and thereafter blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4 hr prerid. For a 4-week long term study, 15 subjects for NFK group and 10 subjects for placebo group were supplemented one tablet of each NKF (2,000 unit) and placebo per day, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4 weeks later. The short-term experimental trial showed that NKF remarkably increased fibrinolytic activity at 2hr after consumption, which was maintained up to 4 hr, relative to that of placebo, while NKF reduced the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and retarded the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), as compared to placebo group. NKF supplementation for 4 weeks elevated fibrinolytic activity, shortened ECLT and retarded aPTT. Furthermore, NKF supplementation increased anti-atherogenic index by decreasing triglyceride (TG) and elevating high-density lipiprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. These results indicate that NKF supplementation for short term or long term might have beneficial effects on preventing and treating cardiovascular disease by increasing fibrinolytic activity and improving atherogenic markers such as hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1640-1647
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• 2010

Seaweeds have been recognized as a health food, having anti-obesity, anti-constipation and anticoagulation activities, and the use of seaweeds in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries have recently significantly increased. In this study, methanol extracts were prepared from 35 different seaweeds (17 phaeophyta, 11 rhodophyta and 7 chlorophyta), and thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were determined in order to develop safe and novel anticoagulation agents from natural products. In TT experiments, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera, Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell, Ishige foliacea, I. okamurai, Sargassum confusum and S. yamade showed strong thrombin inhibition activity among the 35 different seaweeds. In PT experiments, the inhibitions of prothrombin were identified in the selected seaweeds from TT experiment, with the exception of S. yamade. In aPTT experiments, the seaweeds with blood coagulation inhibition factors were E. cava, E. stolonifera, E. bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell, I. foliacea, I. okamurai, S. confusum and Hixikia fusiforme Okamura. Further anticoagulation assay with the selected 8 seaweeds suggested that S. confusum is most effective in antithrombosis, and E. stolonifera, E. bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell, and I. foliacea have high potential as antithrombosis agents. Based on components-activity correlation analysis, flavonoids are considered as active anticoagulation components of seaweeds These results suggest that edible seaweeds, especially S. confusum, have potential as safe and novel anticoagulants, and S. yamade and H. fusiforme Okamura could be used as a thrombin-specific and coagulation factor-specific inhibitors.