• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

As the information-oriented society makes progress, the role of Image has much influence on human being in space as a medium for information delivery and a means of artistic communication. These influences are appeared as expressional characteristics of the image such as the reproducibility of reality and unreality in the real world, the synchrony of expression of time, visual formality, a sign and the transmission of moaning. For these, the investigator examined the meaning of image in aspace, taking into consideration of the interrelationship of image, space, and human being. As study findings show, the expressional characteristics of image in space have such visual effects as a space in which pictorial formality and object exists, in which the mutual understanding of communication exists, and that realizes immaterial membrane in the aspect of time and space, according to the electronic light, color, and formation of the image media. In addition, it become clear that the characteristic could be staged on various circumstances by constructing the relationship between an object and a point of time interactively with bidirectional communication through combining technology and art. This suggests that the image develops as the form of sensory communication via interacting of space and human being.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.73-88
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• 2009

Light is a basic force that functions in all the formative arts. Light (brightness) is an important subject of study in that it contains the force to control emotion and has much influence upon the shaping of a visual image and a feeling. If an artist systematizes the characteristics of brightness and creates an image, he or she can acquire a useful tool of expression. Because light is a powerful medium of expression of a visual image, a study on the characteristics of brightness for the emotional expression of an image in the contextual relationship with narratives seemingly has a crucial meaning. Emotion is influenced by a visual image very much, and a visual image is inevitably influenced by light. The brightness by light is basically classified into bright, dim, and dark. And the three basic stages of brightness specialize an image according to the setting of scope of maximal and minimal luminosity, and the image is further differentiated by the size of bright portion or dark portion. Since emotion is such a phenomenon as immaterial and psychological, it is difficult to break down it. Furthermore, clarifying the principle of an image in which the shade of light is associated is impossible. However, the width of luminosity and the change of size can give quite a change to a visual image, and the visual image has further influence upon man's emotion too. Although the influence of brightness upon a visual image varies with extents, circumstances, and personal tastes and interests, even the same image clearly changes with the adjustment of brightness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1999

The study about quantitative or qualitative analysis of object using digital image is being progressed actively with the development of the image medium and image process technique. But, it is very high that the dependency about image acquisition system of high resolution for image analysis of high accuracy and it is a equipment of high-price. In this study, I extracted the optimum condition of image enhancement by analyzing and enhancing the multiple images which were acquired by system of low-price. And I carried out the analysis of 3D accuracy by being applied the optimum condition of image enhancement. In the result of analysis of average 3D positioning error using law image and enhanced image which is acquired by applying the optimum condition of image enhancement, I could obtain the progressed accuracy about 10％ on the enhanced image.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.8
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• pp.59-78
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• 2006

The paper brings to question how image as a medium is becoming a replacement for traditional letters in the modern culture. Reflection the importance of image in the context of modern society with the changes in the values of communication. The importance of letters in its traditional format as a book that signified not only the method of communication but also power for those who governed during the days of illiteracy in the past has changed, in the beginning with the development of printing and today with movies etc. that supply endless images instead of words as a means of communication. The images are the next generation in the method of communication and can be noted from the earliest civilizations such as Egypt where the method of communication was not words but drawings that depicted specific significations. The use of images for communication purposes in light of this fact suggests that images was being used before words in societies and its communicative values greater than that of words.

• Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.1-20
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• 2003

■ Both countries’ samples rated the self-directed values more important. ■ Among female consumers in China, clothing is regarded as asymbolic medium to demonstrate one’s social status/image, while in Korea, clothing is more an important medium to fulfill one’s desire for change, newness or emotional expression. ■ Korean female consumers seem more demanding (product quality ＆ emotional satisfaction). ■ Experiential needs were a strong, more universally common motivator for apparel purchase. (omitted)

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.89-93
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to develop new markers based on silicone rubber and urethane rubber to enhance visibility in low magnetic field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods: Four types of markers were fabricated using two different base materials. Two of the markers were composed of two different types of silicone rubber: DragonSkin™ 10 MEDIUM and BodyDouble™ SILK. The other two markers were composed of types of urethane rubber: PMC™ 780 DRY and VytaFlex™ 20. Silicone oil (KF-96 1000cs) was added to the fabricated markers. The allocated amount of oil was 20% of the weight (wt%) of each respective marker. The MR images of the markers, with and without the silicone oil, were acquired using MRIdian with a low magnetic field of 0.35 T. The signal intensities of each MR image for the markers were analyzed using ImageJ software and the visibility for each was compared. Results: The highest signal intensity was observed in VytaFlex™ 20 (279.67±3.57). Large differences in the signal intensities (e.g., 627% in relative difference between BodyDouble™ SILK and VytaFlex™ 20) among the markers were observed. However, the maximum difference between the signal intensities of the markers with the silicone oil showed only a 62% relative difference between PMC™ 780 DRY and DragonSkin™ 10 MEDIUM. An increase in the signal intensity of the markers with the silicone oil was observed in all markers. Conclusions: New markers were successfully fabricated. Among the markers, DragonSkin™ 10 MEDIUM with silicone oil showed the highest MR signal intensity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2483-2504
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• 2023

Most existing low-light enhancement algorithms either use a large number of training parameters or lack generalization to real-world scenarios. This paper presents a novel lightweight and robust pixel-wise polynomial approximation-based deep network for low-light image enhancement. For mapping the low-light image to the enhanced image, pixel-wise higher-order polynomials are employed. A deep convolution network is used to estimate the coefficients of these higher-order polynomials. The proposed network uses multiple branches to estimate pixel values based on different receptive fields. With a smaller receptive field, the first branch enhanced local features, the second and third branches focused on medium-level features, and the last branch enhanced global features. The low-light image is downsampled by the factor of 2b-1 (b is the branch number) and fed as input to each branch. After combining the outputs of each branch, the final enhanced image is obtained. A comprehensive evaluation of our proposed network on six publicly available no-reference test datasets shows that it outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both quantitative and qualitative measures.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 1999

The spraying status of the electrostatic sprayer was evaluated by processing surface spraying images of the natural leaves. Water solution of the fluorescent material was used as a spray medium. The image of the lights reflected by fluorescent droplets was captured under UV light using a color CCD camera. Coverage rate, particle density, and the size distribution of particles were analyzed from the surface images of leaves under various spraying conditions such as spraying nozzle angle and object distance. Spraying characteristics of the electrostatic sprayer was evaluated in comparison with the conventional one. In a case of electrostatic sprayer, coverage rate and particle density increased by the average of 1.57times and 1.01times respectively under various nozzle angles and distances. The number of particle under the diameter of 50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ also increased significantly.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1221-1228
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• 2005

Carbon electrode was applied to a wastewater treatment system as biofilm media. The spatial distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in aerobic wastewater biofilm grown on carbon electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and biomass measurement. Five volts of electric oxidation and reduction potential were charged to the carbon anode and cathode of the bioelectrochemical system, respectively, but were not charged to electrodes of a conventional system. To correlate the biofilm architecture of bacterial populations with their activity, the bacterial treatment efficiency of organic carbons was measured in the bioelectrochemical system and compared with that in the conventional system. In the SEM image, the biofilm on the anodic medium of the bioelectrochemical system looked intact and active; however, that on the carbon medium of the conventional system appeared to be shrinking or damaging. In the AFM image, the thickness of biofilm formed on the carbon medium was about two times of those on the anodic medium. The bacterial treatment efficiency of organic carbons in the bioelectrochemical system was about 1.5 times higher than that in the conventional system. Some denitrifying bacteria can metabolically oxidize $H_{2}$, coupled to reduction of $NO_{3}^{-}\;to\;N_{2}$. $H_{2}$ was produced from the cathode in the bioelectrochemical system by electrolysis of water but was not so in the conventional system. The denitrification efficiency was less than $22\%$ in the conventional system and more than $77\%$ in the bioelectrochemical system. From these results, we found that the electrochemical coupling reactions between aerobic and anaerobic reactors may be a useful tool for improvement of wastewater treatment and denitrification efficiency, without special manipulations such as bacterial growth condition control, C/N ratio (the ratio of carbon to nitrogen) control, MLSS returning, or biofilm refreshing.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.971-983
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceiver's social value, hair style, and hair color of object person on image perceptions. For social value variable, materialism and traditionalism were investigated. Subjects were 343 women in Seoul. Perceiver's materialism gave a significant influence on perception of elegance. The less materialistic group evaluated the hair style of object person more elegant than the more materialistic group. The more traditional group evaluated bright brown hairs less pretty than the less traditional group. This means that traditional people have less preferable image on bright brown hairs compared to the black and dark brown hair as it is different from Korean traditional hair color. Medium straight hair styles were evaluated lowest in preference and individuality. Short straight hairs were evaluated as the most elegant style and medium permanent hairs as the least elegant one. Long wavy hairs were evaluated highest in femininity, and straight hairs were evaluated lower in prettiness and activity than wavy hairs. The bright brown hairs were evaluated as the most individual color, and black was the least one. The bright brown was perceived lowest in elegance. Black and dark brown of the short straight hair style were perceived much more elegant than the bright brown of the same style, and black long wavy hairs were evaluated highest in femininity. The present findings provide that social value, hair style, and hair color are significant characteristics when perceiving women's image.