• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2015

Objectives : Due to the morphological similarity of the pericarp and description of multi-species in National Pharmacopoeia of Korea and China, the Zanthoxylum Pericarpium is difficult to authenticate adulterant in species levels. Therefore, we introduced the sequence analysis of DNA barcode and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) to establish a reliable tool for the distinction of Zanthoxylum Pericarpium from its adulterants. Methods : To analyze DNA barcode region, genomic DNA was extracted from twenty-four specimens of authentic Zanthoxylum species and inauthentic adulterant and the individual internal transcribed spacer regions (rDNA-ITS and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene were amplified using ITS1, ITS2-S2F, and ITS4 primer. For identification of species-specific sequences, a comparative analysis was performed using entire DNA barcode sequences. Results : In comparison of four Zanthoxylum ITS2 sequences, we identified 16, 4, 6, and 4 distinct species-specific nucleotides enough to distinguish Z. schinifolium, Z. bungeanum, Z. piperitum, and Z. simulans, respectively. The sequence differences were available genetic marker to discriminate four species. Futhermore, phylogenetic relationship revealed a clear classification between different Zanthoxylum species showing 4 different clusters. These results indicated that comparative analysis of ITS2 DNA barcode was an useful genetic marker to authenticate Zanthoxylum Pericarpium in species levels. Conclusions : The marker nucleotides, enough to distinguish Z. schinifolium, Z. piperitum, Z. bungeanum, and Z. simulans, were obtained at 30 SNP marker nucleotides from ITS2 sequences. These differences could be used to authenticate official Zanthoxylum Pericarpium from its adulterants as well as discriminating each four species.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

We aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of Zanthoxylum species against influenza virus A/WS/33, A/PR/8 and B/Lee/40 used by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and the action of leaves extracts of Zanthoxylum piperitum on life cycle of influenza virus A/WS/33. Among the twelve extracts, only the leaf extract of Z. piperitum exhibited strong antiviral activity at low concentration of less than 10${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ with no citotoxicity (50${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) against all of three viruses. In addition, only oseltamivir showed antiviral activity with $IC_{50}$ of 65.3${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against influenza A/WS/33 among the viruses. Furthermore, the leaf extract of Z. piperitum suppressed infection of influenza virus A/WS/33, when added just prior (-1 hr) or after virus inoculation (0 hr). Leaf extract of Z. piperitum directly affect the infectivity of influenza virus A/WS/33 particles. Therefore, Leaf extract of Z. piperitum exhibited higher antiviral activity against three influenza viruses than that of the oseltamivir, which directly interacts with influenza A/WS/33 particles, affecting the initial stages of infection such as receptor binding and virus entry.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권2호통권129호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

The Korean folk medicine 'Cho Pi Na Mu' has been used orally to tuberculosis, neuralgia, acute and chronic gastritis and arthritis. In order to clarify the botanical origin this crude drug, comparative anatomical studies were made on the branches of Zanthoxylum species growing wild in Korea, i.e. Z. coreanum, Z. piperitum, Z. piperitum var. pubescens, Z. planispinum, Z. schinifolium, Z. schinifolium var. inermis, Z. schinifolium var. microphyllum. As a result, it was clarified that 'Cho Pi Na Mu' was the branch of Z. piperitum.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권4호통권135호
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• pp.303-307
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• 2003

For the purpose of searching for the new antifungal agent from the plant origin, we have examined twenty seven species of medicinal plants for the antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. The whole MeOH extract of each plant material and the n-hexane and EtOAc fractions were evaluated individually for the antifungal activity. Among the test materials, the fractions from the root bark of Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Zanthoxylum piperitum and Citrus unshiu showed significant antifungal activities in a dose dependent manner against Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans, respectively.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

Korean folk medicine "EJePiNaMu" has been used orally to cure neuralgia, rheumatism and common cold. To clarify the botanical origin of this crude drug, comparative anatomical studies were made on the branches of Zanthoxylum species growing wild in Korea, i.e. Z. coreanum, Z. piperitum, Z. piperitum var. pubescens, Z. planispinum, Z. schinifolium, Z. schinifolium var. inermis, Z. schinifolium var. microphyllum. As a result, it was clarified that "EJePiNaMu" was the branch of Zanthoxylum planispinum.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 1997

도시화의 과정에서 고립도어 버린 쉬나무군락(Evodia daniellii community)의 현존 색생도, 군락의 구성과 식생구조를 조사하였다. 수도산 동사면의 벼랑에 서식하고 있는 쉬나무군락 지역에 100m$^{2}$의 측구를 30개 설치하였고, 계적넉인 변이를 보정하기 위하여 전 생육기간 동안 15회 현지조사를 수행하여 종조성표를 작성하였다. 이틀 자료에 의한 $x^2$ 계산값으로 constellation을 작성한 결과 Albizzia julbrissin 외 10종, Zanthoxylum shinifolium 외 12종 그리고 Ulmus parvifolia 외 6종의 명확한 3개 종군으로 구분되었다. 주요 목본식물 5종의 흉고직경을 조사한 결과 흉고직경의 크기가 상대적으로 큰 Ailathus altissima, Paulownia tomentosa, Zelkova serrata가 현재의 우점종으로 출현하나 후계림은 분폭역이 가장 넓ㅅ은 Evadia daniellii가 차지할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.28-39
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the rehabilitation measures and select appropriate tree species and rehabilitation methods for rehabilitating the rock desert areas in Guizhou, China. The study was carried out during the periods from 2003 to 2006 and results are as follows. Afforestation site is classified as a dolomite sandstone hilly country, a halfstony hilly country, a karst physiognomy, a rock desertification farmland and an latent rock desertification farmland by soil type and rock desertification status. Total afforestation area of Xuiwen is 1,300ha and afforestation area of a dolomite sandstone hilly country, a halfstony hilly country, a karst physiognomy, a rock desertification farmland and an latent rock desertification farmland are respectively 104.0ha (8.0%), 146.6ha (11.3%), 200.5ha (15.4%), 705.7ha (54.3%) and 143.2ha (11.0%). Planted tree species were selected by five site types. Robinia pseudoacacia, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thuja orientalis, Cupressus duclouxiana and Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis were planted in a dolomite sandstone hilly country and Choerospondias axillaris and Robinia pseudoacacia were planted in a halfstony hilly country. Cupressus duclouxiana, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Ilex kudincila, Quercus aliena, Quercus variabilis, Choerospondias axillaris, Koelreuteria bipinnata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum bodinieri were planted in a karst physiognomy. Cupressus duclouxiana, Toona sinensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Eucommia ulmoides, Ilex kudincha. Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Magnolia officinalis were planted in a rock desertification farmland. Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Juglans sinensis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Choerospondias axillaris, Prunus salicina and Diospyros Kaki was planted in an latent rock desertification farm land. Robinia pseudoacacia showed high survival rate in 2004 and 2005, but Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Cinnamomum camphora showed slightly low survival rate in 2004. Survival rate of planting species in 2005 was over 80% because some species which showed low survival in 2004 were changed with other species and a proper afforestation method was applied. Growth rate of tree species was evaluated by height and diameter growth rate. Cupressus duclouxiana showed a highest height growth rate in 2004. Toona sil1ensis, Choerospondias axillaris, Koelreuteria bipinnata, and Cinnamomum camphora showed almost 100% height growth rate in 2005, although they showed a negative height growth rate in 2004. Robinia pseudoacacia showed a good growth rate in the rock desertification farmland and the halfstony hilly country so it could give a commercial benefit like honey as well as an afforestation effect.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

173종 국내산 식물체의 메탄올 추출물을 대상으로 5 종의 주요 농업해충에 대해 살충 및 살비 효과를 조사한 결과 식물의 종류 및 채집부위에 따라 커다란 차이를 보였다. 173종 420 샘플을 5,000ppm 농도로 처리하였을 때 벼멸구에 강한 살충 효과를 나타낸 식물체는 초피나무 수피, 편백나무 잎과 참가시나무 잎이었다. 배추좀나방 유충에 대해서는 굴피나무 목부, 나도밤나무 수피, 회화나무 잎, 초피나무 수피, 그리고 해송 목부 추출물이 강한 살충활성을 나타내었고 회화나무 잎 및 초피 수피 추출물은 담배거세미나방유충에 강한 살충활성을 나타내었다. 점박이응애에 대해 강한 살충활성을 나타낸 식물체는 소사나무 잎, 벽오동 수피, 보리밥나무 잎, 두릅나무 잎, 층층나무 수피, 그리고 편백 잎이었다. 특히 초피나무 수피 추출물은 여러 해충에 대하여 강한 살충효과를 나타내어 해충 방제에 크게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.936-949
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• 2018

Changes in microbial community and physicochemical traits of chicken summer sausage made from spent layer thigh added with different level (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/w) of ground chopi (Zanthoxylum piperitum) during manufacture were analyzed. The microbial community was profiled and analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq. Samples were taken from raw sausage batter, after 15 h of fermentation, 8 h of cooking including cooling down, and 7 d of drying. The final pH of the sausage was reduced by the addition of ground chopi. However, no clear effect on water activity was observed. Ground chopi inhibited the development of red curing color after fermentation as it exhibited antimicrobial effect. However, the effect on species richness and microbial composition after cooking was unclear. Ground chopi delayed lipid oxidation during manufacture and the effect was dependent on the addition level. Fermentation reduced the species richness with a dominancy of lactic acid bacteria. The profile of microbiota in the raw batter was different from other stages, while the closest relationship was observed after cooking and drying. Proteobacteria was predominant, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in raw samples. Firmicutes became dominating after fermentation and so forth, whereas other predominant phylum decreased. At genus level, unclassified Lactobacillales was the most abundant group found after fermentation and so forth. Therefore, the overall microbial composition aspects were mainly controlled during fermentation by the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, while bacterial counts and lipid oxidation were controlled by cooking and the addition of ground chopi.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2022

Background: Zanthoxylum armatum is one of the 30 prioritized medicinal plants for economic development of Nepal with a high trade value. Understanding the ecology of individual species is important for conservation and cultivation purposes. However, relation of ecological factors on the distribution and populations of Z. armatum in Nepal remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, an attempt has been made to study the population structure, distribution, and regeneration potentiality of Z. armatum. Vegetation sampling was conducted at six different localities of Salyan district along the elevation range of 1,000 m to 2,000 m. Results: Altogether 50 plant species belonging to 44 genera under 34 families were found to be associated with Z. armatum. Significantly higher species richness was found at Rim (1,400-1,700 m) and Chhatreshwori (1,800-2,000 m) and lower at Kupinde (1,600-1,800 m). The highest population density of Z. armatum was at Kupinde (1,600-1,800 m) with a total of 1,100 individuals/ha. and the lowest at Chhatreshwori (1,800-2,000 m) with 740 individuals/ha. Based on the A/F value (Whitford index), it can be said that Z. armatum has random distribution in the study area. The plants were categorized into seedlings, saplings and adults based on plant height and the status of natural regeneration category determined. The regeneration potentiality of Z. armatum in the study area was fair with the average seedlings and saplings densities of 150 and 100 individuals/ha. Respectively. A Shannon-Weinner index mean value of 2.8 was obtained suggesting high species diversity in the study area. Conclusions: The natural distribution and regeneration of Z. armatum is being affected in the recent years due to anthropogenic disturbances. Increasing market demand and unsustainable harvesting procedures are posing serious threat to Z. armatum. Thus, effective conservation and management initiatives are most important for conserving the natural population of Z. armatum in the study area.