• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.292-300
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to determine the influence in the Z-disk domain of titin on the tenderization of meat by the structure change of myofibrillar Z-disks during post-mortem aging. After weakening the structure of Z-disks, the Z-disk region was splitted. As the results, myofibrils were fragmented by mechanical strength. Using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that the Z-disk domain of titin was disappeared from myofibrils in this period. There phenomenon were also shown by treating myofibrils with a solution containing 0.1mM $Ca^{2+}$. We conclude that change in Z-disk domain of titin is directly effected on the tenderization of meat during post-mortem aging and these change is due to manily calcium ions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.7 s.178
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• pp.1854-1862
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• 2000

Input shaping method is to convolute input shaper, which is sequence of impulses, with reference input command not to excite the natural frequency of system. To reduce residual vibration for the ch ange of frequency, the number of impulses should be increased. Until now, amplitudes and time interval of those has been searched from the derivative of residual vibration. However, if time interval of impulses is fixed as the half of vibration period of system, input shaper H(z) in z-domain becomes (I-pz-1)n/K in which increasing n is the mean that robustness for change of parameter is improved. Also, design of many types of input shapers in z-domain is very easy because sensitivity curve is displayed with $\mid$H(z)zn$\mid$$\times$100. In the z-domain, EI(Extra-Insensitive) input shaper could be designed without solving nonlinear simultaneous equations as design in continuous time domain. In addition to, the design possibility of input shaper for a damped system was shown.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.883-888
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• 1999

To obtain high positioning auccuracy for a long, flex bleman Ipulator, residual vibration must be removed from the tip motion. But it is difficult to control the vibration of low frequency. There are open-loop and closed loop methods in the elimination of the residual vibration. We inroduce input shaping technique has been used as a simple open-loop method of controlling the residual vibration of a flexible manipulator. Design of input shaper in the continuous time domain is complicated. This paper presents a new technique that designs input shaper in the z-domain and analyzes input shaping method in the z-domain. This technique is simple and easy to design input shaper.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.700-705
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• 2019

The bacterial effector protein RavZ is secreted by the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila and inhibits host autophagy through an irreversible deconjugation of mammalian ATG8 (mATG8) proteins from autophagosome membranes. However, the roles of the LC3 interacting region (LIR) motifs in RavZ function remain unclear. In this study, we show that a membrane-targeting (MT) domain or the LIR motifs of RavZ play major or minor roles in RavZ function. A RavZ mutant that does not bind to mATG8 delipidated all forms of mATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as efficiently as did wild-type RavZ. However, a RavZ mutant with a deletion of the MT domain selectively delipidated mATG8-PE less efficiently than did wild-type RavZ. Taken together, our results suggest that the effects of LIR motifs and the MT domain on RavZ activity are complementary and work through independent pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2000

Input shaping is a method fur reducing residual vibration. Vibration is eliminated by convolving an input shaper, which is a sequence of impulses, with the desired system command. It has been applied to robot with a flexible manipulator. But it can be applied to the reduction of residual vibration far overhead crane. In this paper, input shaping shows good performance for anti-sway of overhead crane. In the z-domain, we designed an input shaper and calculated the sensitivity of it. If sensitivity is calculated in the z-domain, the shapes of sensitivity curves are expected easily. Accordingly, it is easy to design an input shaper in the z-domain. We compared the response of a system with shaper to it without that. Also, we compared El shaper to ZV shaper in view of robustness.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2021

The bacterial effector protein RavZ from a pathogen can impair autophagy in the host by delipidating the mammalian autophagy-related gene 8 (mATG8)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on autophagic membranes. In RavZ, the membrane-targeting (MT) domain is an essential function. However, the molecular mechanism of this domain in regulating the intracellular localization of RavZ in cells is unclear. In this study, we found that the fusion of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the MT domain of RavZ (GFP-MT) resulted in localization primarily to the cytosol and nucleus, whereas the GFP-fused duplicated-MT domain (GFP-2xMT) localized to Rab5- or Rab7-positive endosomes. Similarly, GFP fusion to the catalytic domain (CA) of RavZ (GFP-CA) resulted in localization primarily to the cytosol and nucleus, even in autophagy-induced cells. However, by adding the MT domain to GFP-CA (GFP-CA-MT), the cooperation of MT and CA led to localization on the Rab5-positive endosomal membranes in a wortmannin-sensitive manner under nutrient-rich conditions, and to autophagic membranes in autophagy-induced cells. In autophagic membranes, GFP-CA-MT delipidated overexpressed or endogenous mATG8-PE. Furthermore, GFP-CA△α3-MT, an α3 helix deletion within the CA domain, failed to localize to the endosomal or autophagic membranes and could not delipidate overexpressed mATG8-PE. Thus, the CA or MT domain alone is insufficient for stable membrane localization in cells, but the cooperation of MT and CA leads to localization to the endosomal and autophagic membranes. In autophagic membranes, the CA domain can delipidate mATG8-PE without requiring substrate recognition mediated by LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 1997

In this paper we present a polynomial matrix decomposition algorithm that determines a polynomial matix M(z) which satisfies the relation V(z)=M(z) for a given polynomial matrix V(z) which is paraconjugate hermitian matrix with normal rank r and is positive semidenfinite on the unit circle of z-plane. All the decomposition procedures in this proposed method are performed in the digitral domain. We also discuss how to apply the polynomial matirx decomposition in realizing MIMO LBR two-pairs.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.779-784
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• 2008

We show that $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-p}]$ is not a unique factorization domain (UFD) but a factorization domain (FD) with a condition $1\;+\;a^2p\;=\;qr$, where a and p are positive integers and q and r are positive primes in $\mathbb{Z}$ with q < p. Using this result, we also construct several specific non-unique factorization domains which are factorization domains. Furthermore, we prove that an integral domain $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-p}]$ is not a UFD but a FD for some positive integer p.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.667-676
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• 2017

We study the positive $C^1$ function z = f(x, y) defined on the plane ${\mathbb{R}}^2$. For a rectangular domain $[a,b]{\times}[c,d]{\subset}{\mathbb{R}}^2$, we consider the volume V and the surface area S of the graph of z = f(x, y) over the domain. We also denote by (${\bar{x}}_V,\;{\bar{y}}_V,\;{\bar{z}}_V$) and (${\bar{x}}_S,\;{\bar{y}}_S,\;{\bar{z}}_S$) the geometric centroid of the volume under the graph of z = f(x, y) and the centroid of the graph itself defined on the rectangular domain, respectively. In this paper, first we show that among nonconstant $C^2$ functions with isolated singularities, S = kV, $k{\in}{\mathbb{R}}$ characterizes the family of catenary rotation surfaces f(x, y) = k cosh(r/k), $r={\mid}(x,y){\mid}$. Next, we show that one of $({\bar{x}}_S,\;{\bar{y}}_S)=({\bar{x}}_V,\;{\bar{y}}_V)$, $({\bar{x}}_S,\;{\bar{z}}_S)=({\bar{x}}_V,\;2{\bar{z}}_V)$ and $({\bar{y}}_S,\;{\bar{z}}_S)=({\bar{y}}_V,\;2{\bar{z}}_V)$ characterizes the family of catenary rotation surfaces among nonconstant $C^2$ functions with isolated singularities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.4 s.97
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• pp.155-162
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• 1999

Input shaping technique has been used as a simple method of controlling the residual vibration of a flexible manipulator. With the conventional methods previously proposed by several authors, the frequency range that shows a good performance is restricted. When the designed frequency being different from the natural frequency of a system, the performance of control degrades remarkably. This paper introduced a new technique that designs input shaping with robustness in the z-domain.