• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.45.1-45.16
• /
• 2020

IL-9 has been reported to play dual roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and cancers. The collaboration of IL-9 with microenvironmental factors including the broader cytokine milieu and other cellular components may provide important keys to explain its conflicting effects in chronic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the cellular sources of, and immunological responders to IL-9, in order to interpret the role of IL-9 in the regulation of immune responses. This knowledge will provide new perspectives to improve clinical benefits and limit adverse effects of IL-9 when treating pathologic conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2009

석곡은 난초과의 여러해살이풀 Dendrobium moniliforme의 지상부를 건조한 것으로 예로부터 양위생진(養胃生津), 자음제열(滋陰除熱) 등의 효능이 있어 해열, 진통의 작용과 위액분비 촉진, 혈압강하의 작용이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 석곡의 항염증 작용 기전을 알아보기 위하여 석곡 열수추출물을 대식세포주에 처리하여 NO 및 IL-$1{\beta}$의 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. LPS로 자극된 대식세포주 RAW264.7 세포에서 석곡은 NO 및 IL-$1{\beta}$ 생성과 iNOS 단백질 발현을 저해하였으며, LPS에 의해서 활성화되는 ERK, p38, JNK 효소의 활성을 현저히 억제하였다. 이 결과들로 보아 석곡의 항염증 작용이 MAPK 활성 저해로 인한 NO 및 IL-$1{\beta}$ 생성의 억제 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.479-490
• /
• 2020

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is well known for its role in allergic inflammation. For cancer, both pro- and anti-tumor effects of IL-9 were controversially reported, but the impact of IL-9 on tumor metastasis has not yet been clarified. In this study, IL-9 was expressed as a secretory form (sIL-9) and a membrane-bound form (mbIL-9) on B16F10 melanoma cells. The mbIL-9 was engineered as a chimeric protein with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region of TNF-α. The effect of either mbIL-9 or sIL-9 expressing cells were analyzed on the metastasis capability of the cancer cells. After three weeks of tumor implantation into C57BL/6 mice through the tail vein, the number of tumor modules in lungs injected with IL-9 expressing B16F10 was 5-fold less than that of control groups. The percentages of CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, and M1 macrophages considerably increased in the lungs of the mice injected with IL-9 expressing cells. Among them, the M1 macrophage subset was the most significantly enhanced. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages, which were stimulated with either sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing transfectant, exerted higher anti-tumor cytotoxicity compared with that of the mock control. The IL-9-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were highly polarized to M1 phenotype. Stimulation of RAW264.7 macrophages with sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing cells also significantly increased the cytotoxicity of those macrophages against wild-type B16F10 cells. These results clearly demonstrate that IL-9 can induce an anti-metastasis effect by enhancing the polarization and proliferation of M1 macrophages.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.896-901
• /
• 2006

Zingiberis rhizoma(ZB) has been used to treat a various condition and disease in traditional oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of aqueous-extracted ZB(ZBE) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced immune suppression in mouse spleen cells. In spleen cell proliferation assay, ZBE enhanced mitogenic activity in mouse spleen cells. In RT-PCR, ZBE induced IL-2, IFNr and IL-6 cytokine gene expression in mouse spleen cells. In spite of MTX treatment, IL-2, IFNr and IL-6 gene expressions sustained in MTX treated spleen cells. CD45R/B220, pan B marker was slightly increased in ZBE treated mouse spleen cells. IL-6, B cell tropical cytokine, production was induced by ZBE-treated mouse spleen cells and IL-6 production was sustained on MTX-ZBE co-cultured cells. ZBE administration enhanced suNival of S-180 bearing mouse. These data indicate that ZBE has a protective effect of immune suppression caused by MTX, and ZBE may be enhance cellular and humoral function by regulate cytokine gene expression as well as the mitogenic effect on spleen cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 2012

This study is to investigate the effects of Chinemys reevesii (CR) on allergic inflammation mechanism related chronic dermatitis. To investigate the effects of CR, we study inhibitory effect of CR on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with lipopolysaccaride (LPS), and EoL-1, THP-1, Jutkat cell stimulated with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), and LPS induced acute inflammatory BALB/c mouse model. CR reduced the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS at 20 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of MCP-1 released from EoL-1 cell, IL-6 from THP-1 cell, and IL-4, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$ from Jutkat cell stimulated with DP at all the concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, in LPS induced inflammatory BALB/c mouse model, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CR has suppressive effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammation related cell lines through the regulation of immune system. CR could be a therapeutic agent for treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatitis in the future.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 2012

The melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7) protein, also known as interleukin-24 (IL-24), is a novel candidate of tumor suppressor that can induce apoptosis experimentally in a variety of human malignant cells. However, there have been few studies about its role in colorectal cancer. We performed immunohistochemical detection of MDA-7/IL-24 in 399 tissue samples from primary colorectal adenocarcinoma patients using a tissue microarray. Western blotting was then done to confirm the immunohistochemical observations. MDA-7/IL-24 immunoreactivity was observed in 116 (29.1%) of the 399 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases. Analysis of the MDA-7/IL-24 expression by Western blotting confirmed the immunohistochemical results. The tumors with a negative MDA-7/IL-24 expression more frequently showed poor differentiation (P=0004), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), deep invasion (P=0.008) and high stage (P=0.001). A subset of colorectal adenocarcinoma revealed a decreased expression of MDA-7/IL-24, and this was associated with progressive pathologic features. These findings suggest that loss of MDA-7/IL-24 expression may play a role in tumor growth and progression of colorectal adenocarcinomas.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.6 no.6 s.32
• /
• pp.26-29
• /
• 1967

• STIMA Bulletin
• /
• s.6
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 2007

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.308.2-308.2
• /
• 2002

Tissue macrophages produce at least two groups of protein mediators of inflammation. interleukin 1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) when they were activated. Recent studies have emphasized that TNF and IL-1modulate the inflammatory function of endothelial cells. leukocytes. and fibroblasts, Aloe vera has been claimed to have several important therapeutic properties including acceleration of wound healing, immune stimulation, anti-cancer and anti-viral effects. (omitted)

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.110-112
• /
• 2005

We present the case of an adult flexible flatfoot that was managed with dynamic and multiplarnar approaches which consist of Young's tenosuspension, Evans osteotomy, posterior tibialis tendon advancement with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and Lapidus procedure.