• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2024

Background: Children who use playground facilities are exposed to potential risks due to the high concentration of heavy metals contained in the finishing materials of facilities in children's playgrounds. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in the finishing materials of outdoor children's playgrounds where harmful heavy metals exist in Gwangju and to conduct human risk assessment for children and adults by age to find the risks and limitations. Methods: The bottom and top layers of double-painted paint were peeled off and collected together from the finishing materials of children's play facilities such as slides, swings, and seesaws in 147 children's parks in Gwangju. Heavy metals were analyzed using ICP-OES, etc., and human risk assessment was performed using the concentrations of heavy metals. Results: Based on 1.0E-04, which requires legal regulation, CTE was found to pose a carcinogenic risk for preschool children and no carcinogenic risk for the rest of the age groups. However, RME showed that both men and women of all ages had a carcinogenic risk. For reference, when the carcinogenic risk was based on 1.0E-06, CTE was found to pose a carcinogenic risk from infants to elementary school students, and RME was found to have a carcinogenic risk in all age groups. It was judged that there is a non-carcinogenic risk if the non-carcinogenic risk exceeds 1 based on the hazard index (HI) 1. In CTE, there was no non-carcinogenic risk, and RME for preschooler males (1.49E+00) and females (1.56E+00) were found to have non-carcinogenic risk. Conclusions: This study was meaningful in that it examines the differences in the current management of heavy metals concentration standards and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to the human body and discusses the relationship between heavy metals and human health effects.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2024

Objective : This study aimed to assess the applicability of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile (YLP), initially developed for adults, for adolescents and verify its reliability and validity. Methods : This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the YLP among 436 middle and high school students in South Korea. The internal consistency of this scale was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown's coefficient. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient with the Korean Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Korean version of the Children and Adolescents Participation Scale, and the Nutrition Quotient for Adolescents. Results : The overall internal consistency of the YLP items demonstrated high reliability, with a Cronbach's α of .811 and Spearman-Brown's coefficient of .779. Significant positive correlations were observed for physical activity (r=.555, p<.01), activity participation (r=.177, p<.01), and dietary habits (r=.633, p<.05), indicating consistent correlations with the related scales. Conclusion : This study analyzed the YLP targeting adolescents and confirmed its high reliability and significant validity in the areas of physical activity, activity participation, and dietary habits. These findings suggest that the YLP can be utilized as a reliable tool for evaluating healthy lifestyles among adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.173-191
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• 2024

Typhoons are significant meteorological phenomena that cause interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land within Earth's system. In particular, wind speed, a key characteristic of typhoons, is influenced by various factors such as central pressure, trajectory, and sea surface temperature. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding based on actual observational data is essential. In the 2015 revised secondary school textbooks, typhoon wind speed is presented through text and illustrations; hence, exploratory activities that promote a deeper understanding of wind speed are necessary. In this study, we developed a data visualization program with a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the understanding of typhoon wind speeds with simple operations during the teaching-learning process. The program utilizes red-green-blue (RGB) image data of Typhoons Mawar, Guchol, and Bolaven -which occurred in 2023- from the Korean geostationary satellite GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A) as the input data. The program is designed to calculate typhoon wind speeds by inputting cloud movement coordinates around the typhoon and visualizes the wind speed distribution by inputting parameters such as central pressure, storm radius, and maximum wind speed. The GUI-based program developed in this study can be applied to typhoons observed by GK-2A without errors and enables scientific exploration based on actual observations beyond the limitations of textbooks. This allows students and teachers to collect, process, analyze, and visualize real observational data without needing a paid program or professional coding knowledge. This approach is expected to foster digital literacy, an essential competency for the future.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.133-157
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic information necessary to set the content and direction of MIL cooperative teaching by analyzing elementary and secondary school teachers' MIL awareness and cooperative teaching experience. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on cooperative classes, media, and MIL among 401 teachers in the Gyeonggido Office of Education. The analysis results are as follows. ① It is necessary to provide teachers with the experience of cooperative classes and develop MIL cooperative class models and manuals, ② It is necessary to apply the MIL curriculum to school education and operate it as a cooperative classes, ③ The types of media used in the MIL curriculum should be developed by reflecting the development stage and the opinions of educational experts. ④ In the MIL curriculum, it is necessary to deal with 'information comprehension (reading) and evaluation competency education'. ⑤ It is necessary to use school libraries and teacher-librarians in promoting students' MIL improvement policies. As a follow-up study, it is necessary to conduct MIL cooperative instructional models and MIL curriculum studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 2024

Maintaining the appropriate number of national seafarers is essential for securing the competitiveness of maritime industry and security in Korea. However, the number of national seafarers in Korea has been decreased continuously recently. The government recognizes the repercussion of this issue and has been attempting to solve it. One of the most significant reasons contributing to the rapid decrease in national seafarers is presumed to be the high initial turnover rate due to the decreased preference for maritime careers among people in the 20s and 30s. Therefore, plans have been devised to prepare various policies that allow young people to select long-term boarding. This study analyzed the determinants of long-term boarding decisions among students enrolled in the Maritime College of 'M' University and verifies the relationship with the desired boarding period. Additionally, the crew composition (CC), long-term planning (LP), work environment (WE), and family environment (FE) were derived as the determinants of long-term boarding recognized by prospective seafarers. Among them, LP and WE significantly affect the desired boarding period, thus suggesting that the stronger the perception toward long-term planning and the more insensitive one is to the work environment, the longer is the desired boarding period. In terms of group differences in the perception of long-term boarding, analysis results show that the several determinants of long-term boarding are recognized differently depending on gender. This study may facilitate the preparation of factors and group-specific policy measures to promote long-term boarding among prospective seafarers.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.76
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• pp.51-71
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• 2023

Purpose of study: Recognizing the importance of securing professionalism in church education in the context of the serious problem of church eucation in the Korean church today, this study aims to reveal the problems of current church education and suggest alternatives for solving the problems. Research content and method: The Korean church is facing crises. One of the crises is the decline in church membership and worship attendance. Another, more fundamental problem is the crisis of church education, where the number of students in Sunday schools is plummeting, and many young people are leaving the church. Many of them are questioning the quality of church education leaders. The decline and demise of Sunday schools does not bode well for the future of the Korean church. What the church needs to do to address these issues is to build up educational professionals. Leadership and professionalism are critical issues. Until now, the needs of church education in the Korean church have relied on dedication and life mission rather than professionalism. And these criteria were enough. It has been 34 years since the October 1989 resolution of the General Assembly of the Christian Church in Korea to establish a system of educators. However, little progress has been made and the system has not been changed to a system of educators. One of the ways to solve this problem is for the Korean church to prepare for the future of the Korean church by utilizing educators for church growth and the restoration of Sunday schools. Conclusions and Suggestions: For the function, mission, and purpose of the church, the system of educators is requested to be established in the Korean church as soon as possible to fulfill the professional church education and educational pastoral mission. In response to this call, current Korean church education needs to change and innovate. The direction of innovation is professional education, which means that there is a need and urgency for professional educators qs church education leaders.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.101-117
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• 2024

The aim of this study is to identify the competencies required for fashion-related majors that meet contemporary demands, align with the objectives of university education, and reflect the qualities desired in graduates. To achieve this goal, we conducted content analysis of relevant data and in-depth interviews with experts. First, the content analysis involved coding key information from the introductions, educational goals, desired qualities of graduates, and curricula published on the websites of both South Korea and international fashion-related universities. Additionally, we analyzed the National Competency Standards (NCS) and the Meta-goals of higher education programs set by the International Textile Apparel Association (ITAA), extracting six core competencies. Second, in-depth interviews were conducted with six experts, each with 23 to 31 years of experience in Korean and international apparel industry and academia. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and keywords were extracted. To ensure the validity of the coding results, cross-checks were performed among the researchers. The analysis identified the following competencies: empathic communication, social responsibility, professional thinking, creative and integrative thinking, global perspective, and challenging leadership. Based on these findings, establishing competencies that meet contemporary demands and developing corresponding curricula are essential steps towards creating a feedback system. Future research should focus on developing and implementing curricula that foster a virtuous cycle, ultimately enhancing students' competency levels.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.313-323
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• 2024

This study aims to explore educational methods to help students and citizens, who are exposed to numerous manufactured risks, better understand the nature of science and technology. It also seeks to develop their ability to identify, analyze, and evaluate the risks associated with science and technology, ultimately enabling them to live safer lives in society. To achieve this, through an extensive literature review, we explored the definition of risk, the necessity of risk education, and the relationship between SSI (Socioscientific Issues) education and risk education. Based on the results, we proposed the SSI-CURE (Socioscientific Issues Centered on the Understanding of Risk and its Evaluation) model, which can systematically educate about risks in the context of SSI. The SSI-CURE model proceeds through the following four steps: 1) Confrontation of SSI, 2) Understanding the Nature of Science and Technology with SSI, 3) Risk Assessment in SSI, and 4) Enactment of Countermeasures for SSI. These steps represent the key elements for education on risks in the context of SSI: Conceptual understanding of risks (risk knowledge), competencies necessary for discussing or addressing risk situations (risk competency), scientific content knowledge needed to understand risks (knowledge in science), and knowledge required to understand the causes of risks and their impacts (knowledge about science). We expect that the SSI-CURE model can be used not only as a guide for instruction but also as a representative framework for developing programs to educate about risks in the SSI context.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.172-187
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• 2019

Knowledge of intangible cultural heritage is usually disseminated through word-of-mouth and actions rather than written records. Thus, people assemble to teach others about it and form communities. Accordingly, to understand and spread information about intangible cultural heritage properly, it is necessary to understand not only their attributes but also a community's relational characteristics. Community members include specialized transmitters who work under the auspices of institutions, and general transmitters who enjoy intangible cultural heritage in their daily lives. They converse about intangible cultural heritage in close relationships. However, to date, research has focused only on professionals. Thus, this study focused on the roles of general transmitters of intangible cultural heritage information by investigating intangible cultural heritage communities centering around Jeongseon Arirang; a social network analysis was performed. Regarding the research objectives presented in the introduction, the main findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, there were 197 links between 74 members of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community. One individual had connections with 2.7 persons on average, and all were connected through two steps in the community. However, the density and the clustering coefficient were low, 0.036 and 0.32, respectively; therefore, the cohesiveness of this community was low, and the relationships between the members were not strong. Second, 'Young-ran Yu', 'Nam-gi Kim' and 'Gil-ja Kim' were found to be the prominent figures of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community, and the central structure of the network was concentrated around these three individuals. Being located in the central structure of the network indicates that a person is popular and ranked high. Also, it means that a person has an advantage in terms of the speed and quantity of the acquisition of information and resources, and is in a relatively superior position in terms of bargaining power. Third, to understand the replaceability of the roles of Young-ran Yu, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim, who were found to be the major figures through an analysis of the central structure, structural equivalence was profiled. The results of the analysis showed that the positions and roles of Young-ran Yu, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim were unrivaled and irreplaceable in the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community. However, considering that these three members were in their 60s and 70s, it seemed that it would be necessary to prepare measures for the smooth maintenance and operation of the community. Fourth, to examine the subgroup hidden in the network of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community, an analysis of communities was conducted. A community refers to a subgroup clearly differentiated based on modularity. The results of the analysis identified the existence of four communities. Furthermore, the results of an analysis of the central structure showed that the communities were formed and centered around Young-ran Yu, Hyung-jo Kim, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim. Most of the transmission TAs recommended by those members, students who completed a course, transmission scholarship holders, and the general members taught in the transmission classes of the Jeongseon Arirang Preservation Society were included as members of the communities. Through these findings, it was discovered that it is possible to maintain the transmission genealogy, making an exchange with the general members by employing the present method for the transmission of Jeongseon Arirang, the joint transmission method. It is worth paying attention to the joint transmission method as it overcomes the demerits of the existing closed one-on-one apprentice method and provides members with an opportunity to learn their masters' various singing styles. This study is significant for the following reasons: First, by collecting and examining data using a social network analysis method, this study analyzed phenomena that had been difficult to investigate using existing statistical analyses. Second, by adopting a different approach to the previous method in which the genealogy was understood, looking at oral data, this study analyzed the structures of the transmitters' relationships with objective and quantitative data. Third, this study visualized and presented the abstract structures of the relationships among the transmitters of intangible cultural heritage information on a 2D spring map. The results of this study can be utilized as a baseline for the development of community-centered policies for the protection of intangible cultural heritage specified in the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. To achieve this, it would be necessary to supplement this study through case studies and follow-up studies on more aspects in the future.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.365-373
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• 2007

Background: Smoking is one of the most important leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Smoking habit is recognized as nicotine dependence, which consists of physical and psychosocial dependence. To evaluate social nicotine dependence, the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND) working group developed a new questionnaire, which consists of 10 questions with a total score of 30 in Japan. We examined the social nicotine dependence among healthy adults using the new KTSND questionnaire and evaluated validity of the KTSND questionnaire in Korea. Method: We applied Korean KTSND questionnaire version 2 to employees of hospital, university students and people for medical examination and promotion test. Complete data obtained from the 741 responders were analyzed. Result: The mean age of responders was 31.8 years. Among them, males were 57.8%. Current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers were 13.8%, 12.8%, and 73.4% respectively. According to smoking status, the total KTSND scores of current smokers were significantly higher than those of ex-smokers, and of non-smokers ($17.1{\pm}5.4$ versus $14.3{\pm}5.5$, and $12.3{\pm}5.5$, $p{\leq}0.001$). The total KTSND scores of males were higher than those of females, suggesting that males have a propensity for depending nicotine socially much more than females ($14.3{\pm}5.7$ and $11.7{\pm}5.4$ respectively, p<0.001). Eight of ten questions produced significantly different scores among three different smoking groups. When current smokers were sub-classified by heavy smoking index (HSI) that represented physical nicotine dependence, we did not find a significant difference of KTSND score between low HSI group (<4) and high HSI group (${\geq}4$), This finding suggested that the psychosocial dependence might play a different role from physical nicotine dependence in smoking. Most of the non-smokers (62.5%) had an experience of harmful passive smoking especially in public place. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the KTSND questionnaire could be a useful method to evaluate psychosocial aspects of smoking.