• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2001

Five pigs industry with outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE) in Gyeongbuk province were investigated during the period from January to December 2000. The typical signs of TGE in piglets had transient vomiting and a watery yellowish diarrhea, rapid loss of weight, dehydration and high mortality in pigs under 2 weeks of age. Clinical signs of TGE in growing and finishing pigs and sows were usually limited to inappetence and diarrhea for one or a few days, with vomiting observed in an occasional animal. The detection of TGE viral antigen in epithelial cells of the small intestine had been used in indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) for diagnosing TGE in young pigs. WかR had been successfully used to detect the DNA derived from TGEV in specimen of intestinal swabs. Among 5 pigs industry, four showed typical signs of epizootic TGE and one progressing enzootic TGE. It was 22～53 days that the duration of initial clinical disease in TGE outbreaks of pigs investigated in Gyeongbuk province in 2000. However the duration related directly to herd size. Mortality of piglets under 2 weeks of age for duration was 53.2～88.2%, but that of piglets 2～5 weeks of age was 2.5～6.5%. The piglets of 1 weeks of age died mostly during duration of TGE, but varied considerably with husbandry and other environmental factors.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Construction and operation of Germ Free Pigs' facilities are very expensive because pigs' rooms and other major rooms of the facility require germfree environments. Especially, running the HVAC system of aseptic facilities requires a lot of expenses. However, proper location and efficient shape of outlets/inlets for the ventilation of the room can reduce the excessive running cost. In order to do that, this study proposes alternative location and shape of ventilation outlets/inlets to the existing design pattern in germfree pigs' room. The design condition of this study is the maintenance of adequate temperature(24$^{\circ}C$, $NH_3$concentration level(below 1.5 ppm), and air stream speed(below .25m/sec) in the pigs' room for the summer and the winter together. As the Software Program, FLUENT(Ver. 6.2) has been used for the analysis of proposed ventilation patterns. In conclusion, wall inlets and ceiling inlet/outlet are advisable in summer, wall inlets and ceiling outlets is advisable in winter. As far as the shape is concerned, diffuser type for the ceiling outlet is desirable.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of dietary lysine and gamma-linolenic acid(GLA) levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in finishing pigs. Pigs were provided with feed containing two different levels of lysine(0.45% and 0.75%) with three different levels of gamma-linolenic acid(0.0, 0.3, and 0.6%). Average daily gain(ADG) was significantly lower (p<0.01) in pigs provided with the lower level of lysine. In contrast, feed/gain(p<0.01), diet cost/gain(p<0.05), and intramuscular fat(p<0.01) were all significantly higher in pigs fed the lower level of lysine. Similarly, meat color scores(CIE L*, a*, and b*) and cooking loss were significantly higher(p<0.01) in pigs fed the lower level of lysine, whereas shear force(kg/2.5 inch2)was not affected by dietary lysine. The addition of GLA had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured. The results indicate that providing pigs with 0.45% lysine in their diet may help to increase intramuscular fat content, allowing the industry to produce pork products that meet consumer needs in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.409-419
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effects of breed and gender in Duroc (D), Pietrain (P), and crossbred (DP) pigs. Loin samples were collected from D (n = 79), P (n = 42), and DP (n = 45) pigs. Intramuscular fat content was significantly lower in P (p < 0.001), and pH was lowest in DP pigs (p < 0.001). Gilts had higher intramuscular fat (IMF) and pH values than did castrated males (p < 0.05). Water-holding capacity was lower in DP pigs than that in D and P pigs (p < 0.001). Shear force in DP pigs was higher than that in D and P pigs (p < 0.001). Lightness and yellowness of meat in DP pigs was increased compared with coloring of P pig meat (p < 0.01). Meat from DP pigs was redder compared with meat from in D and P pigs, and it was higher in gilts than in castrates (p < 0.001). The C16:0 content was lower in P and DP pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.01). C18:2 content was higher in P and DP pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.001). Unsaturated and saturated fatty acids increased in P pigs compared with levels in D pigs (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that meat quality can be controlled by crossbreeding to increase or reduce selected properties. This study provides the basic data on the meat characteristics of F1 DP pigs. Thus, further study should be conducted to estimate the meat quality of various crossbreeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary protein level and phase feeding regimens on performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs. In both experiments, growing pigs (n=90; barrows; Landrace $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Duroc) were allotted to 3 treatments. Each treatment had 3 replicate pens comprising 10 pigs in each. In Exp. 1, pigs (average body weight $25.06{\pm}0.57\;kg$) were fed diets having low (17.50-14.50-12.51%), medium (19.49-17.50-13.87%) or high (22.47-19.49-16.36%) CP concentration (LP, MP and HP diets, respectively) diets during grower-finisher I-finisher II phases, respectively. Feeding of MP diet resulted in higher (P<0.05) ADG and better FCR than pigs fed LP diet. Pigs fed HP diet had lower (P<0.05) pork color and marbling score. Meat of pigs fed LP diet had higher (P<0.05) Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), while meat of pigs fed HP and LP diets had greater drip loss than pigs fed MP diet. In addition, meat from pigs fed LP diet was darker while meat of pigs fed HP and MP diets was paler and redder. In Exp. 2, pigs (average body weight $10.40{\pm}0.61\;kg$) were subjected during 126 days to three or four phase regimes of different duration. The treatments T1 and T2 were subjected to four phase feeding regimens (grower I, grower II, finisher I and finisher II) for 22, 42, 32 and 30 days (T1) and 40, 40, 25 and 21 days (T2), respectively, while T3 was subjected to three phase feeding regimen (grower I, grower II and finisherI) for 40, 56 and 30 days, respectively. Duration of phase feeding regimens had no effect (P>0.05) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs. These results suggest that both high and low levels of CP have a negative effect on performance and pork quality; however, alterations in the phase feeding regimens do not have any discernible effect on the performance and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2013

Here, we present an approach of blood plasma proteome profiling and their comparisons between the young and the adult pigs as prerequisite for the identification of bio-markers related to the health conditions, growth performance and meat quality. To profile the proteome in porcine plasma, blood samples were collected from 19 young piglets and 20 adult male barrows and the plasma was retrieved. Then, protein profiling was initiated using one and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins were spotted and then identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF and LC-MS-MS. In the results, more than thirty-six and twenty eight protein spots were selected in young piglets and adult pigs, respectively and twenty three proteins were identified. The proteome profile images were compared between those ones using Image Master Version 7.0. The image of expressed proteome showed that most of proteins from plasma of young piglet separated clearly and concentrated in 2DE display compared to ones from adult. Image analysis in detail was carried out to look for the specific proteins related to age progression. It demonstrated that the characteristics of proteome expression could be distinct to their age stages. Further investigations needed to proceed to understand the age dependent change of protein conformation and biological meaning of those differences in proteome expression between young and mature adult pigs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Three serotypes (O+A+Asia1 type) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were injected into cloven-hoofed animals in Korea after the nationwide spread of FMD at the end of 2010. This study was conducted to investigate FMD antibody development after FMD vaccination, and to determine whether there was a significant correlation between the antibody titer of the sow and the antibody titer of the growing pigs. The antibody titer (percentage inhibition [PI] titer) of the sow (gilt) after FMD vaccination was maintained at a level higher than 50 (P<0.05) for 5 months. A higher PI titer for the 1-month-old growing pigs corresponded with greater inhibition of the PI titer of the vaccinated growing pigs (P<0.05). A negative correlation (P<0.05) between the PI titer of the 1-month-old growing pigs and the PI titer of 3-month-old growing pigs, 4-month-old growing pigs after FMD vaccination at 2 months, 3months was identified, with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.274. Thus the PI titer of the growing pigs was inhibited to a greater degree when vaccination was performed at 2 months of age than at 3 months. However, many other factors likely influence growing pigs' PI titer in addition to the PI titer of the sow and age at vaccination, given that the coefficient of determination was somewhat lower.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2015

This study evaluated whether dietary supplementation of tapioca could alleviate the negative effects of palm kernel meal (PKM) on growth performance and meat quality in growing and finishing pigs. In experiment 1, 120 73-dold crossbred growing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average body weight of $31.7{\pm}4.5kg$, were used in a 3-week trial. In experiment 2, 120 108-d-old crossbred finishing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average BW of $52.6{\pm}4.2kg$ were used in a 10-week trial. Treatments were: CON, a corn-soybean meal-based diet; PKM, 8% PKM, and TPKM, 8% PKM and 10% tapioca. No difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among treatments in growing pigs. In finishing pigs, no difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among CON and TPKM dietary treatments. Finishing pigs fed PKM decreases in final BW and ADG compared with those fed CON. Meat quality was not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of tapioca alleviated anti-nutritional effect of PKM on growth performance in growing and finishing pigs. Thus, the PKM with tapioca could be an available alternative energy source to reduce the cost of pig diets.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.597-602
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• 2010

In this study, pigs [n=117; (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc; $64{\pm}0.5$ Kg initial body weight] were used to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) meal on performance, carcass traits and quality of meat kept under refrigeration at $3{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatments on the basis of body weight and sex and each treatment was replicated 3 times (13 pigs in each replicate). Lacquer meal in sawdust form obtained from the stem bark and heartwood of sun-dried lacquer trees was added to the grower and finisher diets at 0, 20 and 40 g/kg diet. The experimental diets were fed for 8 wk. Inclusion of lacquer meal had no influence (p>0.05) on growth performance of pigs. Improvement in carcass traits and decreased back fat thickness were noticed in pigs fed diets added with 20 and 40 g/kg lacquer meal. Longissimus muscle obtained from pigs fed lacquer meal had higher moisture and lower fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and water holding capacity. Meat from lacquer fed pigs was also darker and redder. The data indicates that lacquer meal can be incorporated up to 40 g/kg in the diet of fattening pigs without affecting growth performance. Also, lacquer meal increases carcass lean content and improves the oxidative stability of the meat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii (TG) in cattle and pigs reared in eastern areas of Gyeongbuk province by ELISA. Among 368 sera collected from 119 cattle farms, 76 (20.7%) sera from 34 (28.6%) farms had antibodies to TG. Fifty (27.2%) out of 184 cattle in Uljin-gun and 26 (14.1%) out of 184 cattle in Yeongdeok-gun were positive. Pyeonghae (50.0%) in Uljin-gun and Dalsan (33.3%) in Yeongdeok-gun had the highest TG antibodies in cattle compared to other areas. Prevalence of TG antibodies in cattle was increased with age. Among 368 sera collected from 43 pig farms, 62 (16.8%) sera from 16 (37.2%) farms had antibodies to TG. Forty (21.7%) out of 184 pigs in Uljin-gun and 22 (12.0%) out of 184 pigs in Yeongdeok-gun were positive. Uljin and Puk (40.0%) in Uljin-gun and Yeonghae (33.3%) in Yeongdeok-gun had the highest TG antibodies in pigs compared to other areas. Prevalence of TG antibodies in sows was higher than that in fattening pigs. Seasonally, prevalence of TG antibodies in pigs was highest in summer (23.4%) and lowest in winter (12.5%). Based on these observations, data indicate that infection by the protozoan parasite TG is widely prevalent in cattle and pigs reared in eastern areas of Gyeongbuk province.