• 감성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2006

영상매체에 등장하는 PPL광고가 실제 소비자인 시청자들에게 미치는 영향에 대하여 대학생들을 대상으로 조사하였다. PPL에 대한 인식의 차이를 조사하고 그 차이가 유행관여도과 어떤 관계가 있으며, 또 이것은 실제소비로 어떻게 이어지는지 조사하였다 대학생 189명을 대상으로 PPL인식도, TV나 영화에서 배우가 입은 의복 구매여부, 구매만족도, 유행관여도, PPL이 소비자의 의복 구매에 미치는 영향 등에 대해 조사하였다. 유행관여도를 기준으로 고저의 두 집단으로 나누어 이에 따라 분석한 결과, 유행에 민감하고 유행 관여가 높은 학생일수록 PPL광고에 등장하는 의복에 주목하고 있었으며 PPL광고에 사용된 브랜드 중에서 기억하는 브랜드 수가 많았다. 유행관여도 저집단은 의복구매시에 또래의 스타일, 주변의 충고 등을 많이 참고하는 반면에, 유행관여도 고집단은 패션잡지와 PPL의복을 많이 참고하고 있었다. 또 PPL 의복을 관심 있게 보는 학생이 실제로 스타 옷을 많이 구입하고 있었다 PPL로 인한 의복구매 영향력이 크다고 인식하고 있을수록 해당 브랜드, 기업, 제품의 선호도가 긍정적으로 변경되었다고 답하였다. 유행관여도가 클수록 기업의 선호도가 긍정적으로 변경되었다고 답하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1999

'90년대 들어 미국을 중심으로 Double Counting 문제와 Keynesian/Neo-classical economics theory 까지 연계되어 교통투자가 경제성장에 거의 영향을 주지 않는다는 이론과 영향을 많이 준다는 상충되는 연구결과가 계속 발표되었다. 본 논문은 교통에 대한 투자가 경제성장에 미치는 영향을 계량적으로 분석한 것이다. 범위를 좁혀 도로에 대한 투자가 생산성 즉 제조업체의 물류비에 미치는 영향을 Stated Preference Technique를 이용하여 분석한 것이다. 도로이용 승객의 시간가치를 추정하는 일반적인 Cost/Benefit Analysis와는 달리 화물수송과 관련된 투자효과를 분석하였다. 먼저 도로에 대한 투자가 화물의 수송시간절약과 그에 따른 창고시설, 재고관리등에 미치는 영향을 continuous review system과 periodic review system으로 나누어 이론적으로 고찰하였다. 또한 본 논문에서는 Utility Model에 기초하여 시간가치(value of time)와 화물도착의 정확성 (value of reliability)을 도착지별(depot/consumer)과 상품별로 econometrics 기법을 활용 분석한 후 영국의 COBA와 비교 검토하였다. 종합적으로 도로에 대한 투자가 시간절약, 운행비용절감, 사고비용절감 등 직접적인 효과(direct benefit)외에 depot감소, 운행차량감소, 재고비용절약, 유휴자원의 활용 등(secondary benefits)을 통하여 경제성장에 긍정적인 영향을 끼치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.663-669
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the nutrient compositions of stem and fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OF) and Opuntia humifusa (OH). The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the parts, varieties and parts*varieties had influence on nutrient content except crude protein, soluble dietary fiber, Fe, Se, I, vitamin E, niacin and vitamin C. Moisture and crude ash content was higher in stem than in fruit, while crude lipid and insoluble dietary content was higher in fruit than in stem. Mineral content revealed that K (1,313.67 mg% in OF, 1,351.38 mg% in OH) was the highest in fruit and Ca (5,146.29 mg% in OF, 1,388.19 mg% in OH) was the highest in stem. Vitamin C was the most abundant vitamin in the fruit of OF (199.98 mg%) and OH (187.12 mg%). Polyunsaturated fatty acid was the highest among fatty acids (66.9~70.1%), with higher content in the stem (753.89 mg%) than fruit (578.01 mg%) in OF, while higher in the fruit (1,093.63 mg%) than stem (475.07 mg%) in OH. Moisture, crude protein, Mg, Se and riboflavin was higher in OF than OH; whereas, crude lipid, insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acid were higher in OH than OF. These results indicated that OF and OH could be a good food source for Ca, K and Vitamin C. Also, different nutrient content by parts and varieties, can be helpful in choice of parts or varieties for consumer purposes.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2014

According to the microbiological standard, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Listeria monocytogenes should not be detected in milk and egg products in Korea. Refrigerated food such as milk must be kept under $10^{\circ}C$ at retail markets. However, temperature abuse of refrigerated foods at such markets is often observed. We compared the growth and survival kinetics of S. aureus and C. perfringens at 10 and $15^{\circ}C$, and the growth kinetics of L. monocytogenes at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$ in whole and skim milk and ready-to-eat (RTE) quail eggs to evaluate their growth possibilities at retail markets. Regardless of storage temperature, the level of S. aureus reached the maximum level ($10^8-10^9CFU/ml$) in whole milk, non-fat milk and RTE quail eggs within the expiration date. Even low contamination levels of S. aureus (10 CFU/mL) grew rapidly in milk and quail eggs to reach the maximum level within the shelf life. Survival of C. perfringens in whole milk was greater than that in non-fat milk, indicating that the fat content in milk influences the survival of C. perfringens. For L. monocytogenes, the population in milk increased by 0.5-1 log CFU/mL at $4^{\circ}C$, while the populations reached the maximum level at $10^{\circ}C$ within the expiration date, regardless of initial contamination levels. In quail eggs, L. monocytogenes grew to the maximum level within the expiration date (60 days) at both temperatures. S. aureus and L. monocytogenes must be controlled to be negative, and proper temperature management should be emphasized at retail markets to protect the consumer. Since C. perfringens did not grow in milk and RTE quail eggs, there is no risk due to the growth of C. perfringens in these products at retail markets.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.606-614
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• 2018

It is important to understand how marbling traits and tenderness differ among beef steaks from the carcass grading site and other regions within the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, as these characteristics are closely associated with consumer acceptability and willingness to purchase. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the marbling fleck traits and objective tenderness parameters in the groups classified by the coarseness index (CI) of marbling fleck (high and low groups) at the carcass grading site ($13^{th}$ thoracic vertebra; 13T) and three different locations (13T, 9T, and 6T) within the LT muscle from well-marbled (marbling score 7 to 9) Hanwoo steer. Image analysis showed that the longitudinal locations had a significant effect on marbling fleck traits. The total area of large marbling fleck divided by the total marbling area (coarseness) was higher at the central region (13T to 12T) compared to the front thoracic region (6T to 5T) in the high CI group (0.23 vs. 0.17, p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in the total number of marbling fleck within the LT muscle in the high or low CI groups (p>0.05). Location effect on objective tenderness parameters within the LT muscle was somewhat limited, although the high CI group had a lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) value than did the low group (p<0.05). Taken together, the degree of coarseness of marbling fleck decreased from the carcass grading site to the front thoracic site, whereas the objective tenderness parameters, including WBS and hardness, of the grading site did not differ from the other regions within the LT muscle.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

The goal of this study was to investigate the chemical and microbiological characteristics of kimchi products distributed in Japan (5 brands, J-products) and Korea (2 brands, K-products). When their average analyses were compared, J-products showed higher values in pH, total sugar and acetic acid contents, while K-products showed higher values in number of lactic acid bacteria, sugar alcohol and lactic acid contents including textural hardness or chewiness. In addition, the analysis showed great variation in composition levels regarding pH, total sugar and acetic acid contents of J-products, and this fact revealed that different manufacturing processes are being attempted in Japan. Interestingly, some J-products had high concentrations of acetic acid with little mannitol, as this result implies that some manufacturers in Japan produce kimchi by adding acetic acid or lactic acid to control the rate of lactic acid fermentation. The result of this study elucidates the Japanese consumer's taste preference as well as the manufacturing processes in Japanese companies.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2017

자동차 엔진오일은 엔진 시동 시 가장 중요한 윤활제이다. 최근 자동차 회사 와 윤활유 제조업체들은 교환주기를 연장하기 위해 첨가제를 사용하여 오일의 품질을 상당히 개선하고 있다. 대부분의 고객은 자동차 제작사의 정품오일을 사용하거나 전문가의 추천을 받아 사용한다. 본 논문을 통해 소비자가 고효율 윤활유를 선택하는 또 다른 기준점을 제안한다. 본 논문은 7개월 동안 실제 자동차의 운전 조건을 고려하여 오일의 6가지 화합물을 조사 비교 분석하였다. 물리적, 화학적 관점에서 실험을 수행했다. 현장에서 다양한 실험을 통해 광유와 합성유 화합물은 산화, 점도, 유동성 및 TBN에서 크게 구분된다. 이들은 엔진 부품 피스톤, 베어링 등의 마모에 영향을 준다. 다양한 오일을 비교하였을 때 인화점, 산화 안정성에서 합성유의 성능이 좋고 오염 물질인 Fe와 Al 화합물의 변화가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 오일의 첨가제는 광유와 합성유에서 청정분산제 Ca가 확연한 차이를 나타냈다. 극압제 Zn과 윤활 향상제 P는 유사하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to assess the need for wedding etiquette training for couples in order to provide basic educational materials for brides and grooms-to-be. This survey consisted of 43 questions. The questions pertaining to the need for wedding etiquette training were measured using the 5-point Likert scale. The survey was conducted between September 1st, 2011 and December 1st, 2011. The research subjects consisted of 230 brides and grooms-to-be. Questionnaires were analyzed by frequency analysis, F-test, t-test, and correlation analysis using SPSS/win17.0. Based on our findings, we would like to make the following proposals and conclusions. First, as the importance of a wedding education program could be ascertained, educational demands need to be gathered and applied to the operation of such programs. The education and training programs need to be activated by wedding preparation education centers or the Health and Family Support Center, on weekends or week nights 3 months prior to a couple's wedding ceremony. Second, wedding etiquette training content needs to be included in existing education programs that primarily focus on helping couples adapt to married life. Such training content should specifically include the etiquette of exchanging wedding presents, home life etiquette, etiquette for the formal meeting between the families of the bride and bridegroom, pyebaek etiquette and ham (a box of wedding gifts sent by a bridegroom to his bride before the wedding) etiquette. Third, when examining the particulars of the need for wedding etiquette training, we came to the conclusion that couples should be properly educated about the meaning and value of the wedding presents, pyebaek and ham that are required during traditional wedding ceremonies. Fourth, the need for wedding etiquette training was shown to be higher for women than for men. It was also higher for individuals in specialized fields than for ordinary company employees. Wedding etiquette training programs need to be structured with such considerations in mind. Fifth, when structuring the program for wedding etiquette training, the correlation of the needs for training should be considered. It is necessary to prepare training plans by dividing the program into the following categories: the formal meeting between the families of the bride and the bridegroom, ham and wedding presents, wedding ceremony etiquette, pyebaek, and home life etiquette training.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2016

여러 가지 기능성과 생리활성을 가지고 있는 아로니아를 활용하고자 아로니아 분말을 첨가하여 가능성을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 아로니아 가루 첨가(0, 2, 5, 7, 8%)한 쿠키를 제조하여 쿠키의 품질특성, 반죽 pH, 수분함량, 색도 및 관능 특성을 측정했다. 색도 a, b값, 수분, 경도는 아로니아 함유량의 증가와 함께 증가되었다(p<0.001). 아로니아 분말을 첨가 할수록 pH, 명도 L값은 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.001). DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거능 역시, 아로니아 분말 첨가군이 대조군에 비해 radical 소거활성이 높게 나타나, 아로니아 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 항산화 활성도 증가하는 것으로 보인다. 전반적인 기호도는 4% 첨가군이 대조군과 다른 군보다 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.001), 외관, 향, 맛의 기호도는 아로니아 가루 첨가량에 따라 낮아지는 경향이었다. 이와같은 결과로 아로니아 첨가 쿠키 제조 시 품질특성, 항산화성, 기호도 면에서 2%, 4%가 높게 평가되어 아로니아 쿠키의 관능특징과 건강 기능성 효과 등을 고려할 때 2~4%의 아로니아 가루를 첨가하는 것이 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 분석을 통해 4% 아로니아 분말을 첨가하였을 때 아로니아 분말 쿠키는 품질, 기호도 측면에서 품질 특성이 높고, 건강 기능성을 고려한 충분한 경쟁력이 있을 것으로 생각되며, 아로니아 분말을 이용한 개발 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2001

The rapid changes in graduate nursing curriculum have resulted in many challenges to the contents in masters and doctoral program of nursing. In order to meet the changing consumer demand, to respond the specialization in clinical practice and to reflect the evolving trend in the discipline and science of nursing, this study focussed on analyzing the present graduate nursing curriculum of one college of nursing in Seoul, Korea. In order to analyze the present curriculum, data were collected by survey from the enrolled graduate students, And curriculum contents of 10 graduate nursing curricula in Korea and 6 in United States were analyzed through internet information. Based on the data from the enrolled students' responses on educational goal and objectives and divisions of nursing and the data from the graduate curriculums of other universities both in Korea and United States suggested the future direction of graduate nursing curriculum of S university as follows; It is required that theoretical development, as well as education of enhancing clinical competences and preparation of specialization, innovative work for the change and global nursing should be included in the curriculum. Majority of respondents were agreed with 6 division of nursing(Adult nursing ,Maternity nursing ,Pediatric nursing, Community nursing, Nursing administration) and the integration of nurse clinical specialist course(such as oncology nursing specialist) into the regular courses in Master and Doctorate program was required.