• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.1 s.62
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• pp.19-24
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• 1985

Alternaria mali isolated from infected apples in storages and orchards of the four main apple growing areas of Taegu, Yesan, Jungup and Chungju in Korea was tested with various fungicides added in PSA medium. The fungal tolerance varied with little difference by orchard area and with great difference by king and concentration of fungicide. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorothalonil and captafol was $100,238{\mu}g\;and\;81,000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, showing low effects with high fungal tolerance; of iprodione and folpet was $3,285{\mu}g\;and\;3,000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, showing moderate effects with moderate fungal tolerance; and of oxidong, polyoxin and polydong was $1,000{\mu}g,\;900{\mu}g\;and\;500{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, showing high effects with low fungal tolerance. Mycelial growth, conidia formation and conidia germination of the fungus showed a similar trend of response to the seven fungicides.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the basic data for qualitative improvement of emergency care for emergency patient by paramedic in fire station by understanding the level of awareness and practice in prehospital and transfer step, and understanding the level of emergency care and improvement of clinical knowledge through hospital clinical training. Methods: The researchers explained the objective for 143 persons who completed hospital clinical training from June 2nd, 2006 to October 23rd, 2009 among paramedic in fire station. The questionnaire in this research consisted of 80 questions. In the reliability for the awareness of emergency patient assessment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.95, and in the reliability for emergency care fulfillment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.93. reliability for clinical knowledge improvement is cronbach's $\alpha=.95$, and reliability for emergency care fulfillment is cronbach's $\alpha=.82$. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS 18.0 statistics program for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Paired t-test, t-test, Correlation Coefficient, and internal consistency reliability was analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$. Results: 1) The paramedic awareness and practice difference for emergency patient is statistically signification for general patient assessment(t=14.159, p=.000), trauma patient assessment(t=11.288, p=.000), internal medicine patient assessment(t=10.898, p=.000), and it shows the level of practice is lower than the level of awareness. 2) The paramedic difference between the level of awareness and practice according to whether or not they have clinical career is not signification on awareness(t=3.119, p=.125), and is high on practice(t=3.119, p=.002). 3) The correlation between paramedic awareness and the level of practice shows positive correlation(r=.61, p=.000). The higher the awareness of emergency patient assessment is, the higher the level of practice is. 4) The difference between paramedic clinical knowledge improvement and the level of emergency care practice is statistically significant(t=3.351, p=.001). 5) 89.6%(128 persons) of paramedic replied hospital clinical training experiences are helpful for field activity. 92.3%(133 persons) replied they apply well for clinical knowledge learned during hospital clinical training and emergency care skills in the field. Conclusion: Paramedic in fire station must evaluate the patient's initial assessment and activate the transfer system to the emergency department. It is necessary to develop and implement the effective education program continuously. The education program should systemize currently operated hospital clinical training. emergency disease and symptoms emergency care method, and practice mainly skill education should be progressed. In the prehospital and transfer management, high quality of medical assessment is required to the emergency medical service system. Medical direction from the doctors can feedback the paramedic continuously and continuing education must be provided to the paramedic in fire station.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

The investigation of the infection rate of domestic apple orchards by four types of apple viruses (Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus [ACLSV], Apple stem pitting virus [ASPV], Apple stem grooving virus [ASGV], Apple mosaic virus [ApMV]) and one type of viroid (Apple scar skin viroid, ASSVd) found that most apple trees were infected with viruses and viroid at the rate of 97.3%. By region, the infection rate in Jeongseon stood at 98.8%, Danyang at 100%, Yesan at 100%, Jangsu at 89.1%, and Muju at 98.1%. By each virus and viroid, the infection rate of ASGV was the highest at 93.4%, followed by ASPV at 85.7%, ACLSV at 59.0%, ASSVd at 6.7%, and ApMV at the lowest 3.6%. In addition, 84.8% of the cases were infected with two or more types of viruses and viroid, nearly seven times the single type infection rate of 12.4%, and the cases infected with three viruses, ASPV, ACLSV, and ASGV accounted for 56.2%, more than the half the total number of trees investigated.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 1971

As a series on the soy-bean protein and their related substances 9 samples were collected from 9 places such as straws (Rice) to obtain bacterial strains which produce protease. From these samples total of 23 strains were isolated by the use of dilution pour plate method. For all isolated strains primary screening of productivity of protease was performed and useful straines with regard to protease productivities were identified. Optimum conditions for enzyme action of protease from isolates $D_9$, $F_{20}$ strains were pH 7.5 and $40^{\circ}C$. Chung-Kook-Jang is one of the characteristic foods in Korea made from soy-bean by fermentation. The chief bacterium is Bacillus subtilis and the chief change which takes place in soy-bean during fermentation is degradation of protein. Three kinds of Chung-Kook-Jang were prepared using three different strains of Bacillus natto, $D_9\;and\;F_{20}$ from isolated. Water soluble-N, TCA soluble-N, amino-N and peptide-N were measured about the steamed soybean, Chung-Kook-Jang prepared with three strains of bacteria. Water soluble-N decreased very largely in steamed soybean, but in Chung-Kook-Jang it increased to 85% of raw soy-bean.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 1997

To investigate the salt accumulation in the plastic film house soils, bulk density, electrical conductivity(EC), exchangeable canons and water soluble anions were determined at different depths(0~60cm) in the salt-accumulated plastic film house soils in Yesan, Chungnam, Korea. Bulk density were increased from $1.2Mg/m^3$ to $1.5Mg/m^3$ as the depth changed from 0cm(top soil) to 30cm(subsoil) below the soil surface, whereas the bulk densities between 30cm to 60cm slightly decreased to $1.42Mg/m^3$. These changes of soil bulk densities might influence the porosity and pore size distribution, resulting in affecting the water flow throughout, soil layers. Electrical conductivity and Exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP) for 0 to 10cm soil layer were 5.08 dS/m and 6.4, respectively, while the EC was decreased to less than 1.63 dS/m in 20~30cm depth and about 0.7 dS/m. Salt accumulation patterns in the plastic film house soils might be influenced by the changes of the bulk densities in soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

The objective of experiment was to investigate the effects of planting density on growth and yield of vegetable soybean, and to clarify the optimum planting density of vegetable soybean in the middle west region of Korea. The field experiment with 4 levels of planting density was carried out at Yesan area in $2005{\sim}2006$. The days from seeding to flowering and the days from seeding to harvesting and lodging were not significantly different among planting distance. The stem length was increased as planting distance was shortened but the number of node, branch, pod per branch, pod per individual, weight of stem and pod, one hundred pod weight and rate of 2+3 seed per pod were decreased as planting density was increased. The size of vegetable soybeans was not significantly different among planting distance, but the harvest index of vegetable soybean was decreased as planting distance was shortened. Yield of vegetable soybean was increased as planting distance was decreased. However, the approriate densities for stem and pod weight per a plant, number of pod per a branch and the vegetable soybean yield of 2+3 seed per pod were different from that density. The optimal planting distance of varieties was $60{\sim}25\;cm$ in Sunheukkong and Ilpumgeomjeongkong and was $60{\sim}35\;cm$ in Galmikong.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.851-862
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• 2007

The main reason of environmental pollution and destruction due to an indiscreet development of spa is the law of spa in use. According to the law of spa, the water of spa is ordained not mineral component and its efficacy but water temperature of over $25^{\circ}C$. Therefore this research was to analyze the differences between traditional spa and newly-established spa based on heat flow, geological rock, and fault relating to spa in order to call attention to a revision of the law of spa. According to the results, the location of the traditional spas was in accord with places which are Pohang, Bugok, Dongrae and Haeundae-gu of Busan, Uljin, Chungju, Usung-gu of Daejeon, Yesan, Asan, and Ichon. The heat flow of these places is over 67mW/m2 that is an average of South Korea. Relating to a fault, 92.3% of the traditional spas concurs with a fault and 33.5% of newly-established spa is in accord with a fault. 58.2% of the traditional spas and 42.7% of the newly-established spa are consistent with the granite.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2017

'Hwaweon 7' was developed from a cross between the African upland cultivar, 'Moroberekan' and 'Ilpumbyeo' based on marker-aided backcross selection. The recurrent parent, Ilpumbyeo is a high grain quality cultivar with medium to late maturity. Hwaweon 7 is nearly isogenic to Ilpumbyeo except a small Moroberekan introgressed segment on chromosome 6 harboring genes related with spikelets per panicle and internode diameter. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University and Chungcheongnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension (CARES), Yesan in 2010 and 2011. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2012 and 2013. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as "Hwaweon7". This cultivar averaged 80cm in culm length and has a medium growth duration. Milled rice of "Hwaweon7" is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The average yield potential of Hwaweon 7 in grain was about 6.48 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level for two years about 5.1% higher than that of Ilpumbyeo due to increase in spikelets per panicle. This variety is tolerant to lodging and the tolerance is due to the APO1 gene controlling the base internode diameter on chromosome 6 introgressed from the donor parent, Moroberekan. The Apo1 gene would be useful in enhancing resistance to lodging in rice breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2017

'Hwaweon 6' was developed from a cross between 'Hwaseongbyeo' and a wild species, Oryza minuta L. (Acc. No. 101154) based on marker-assisted selection and backcrossing. The recurrent parent 'Hwaseongbyeo' is a high grain quality cultivar with medium maturity. Hwaweon 6 is nearly isogenic to Hwaseongbyeo except a small O. minuta introgressed segment on chromosome 7 harboring genes related with spikelets per panicle. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University and Chungcheongnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension (CARES), Yesan in 2009 and 2010. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2011 and 2012. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as Hwaweon 6. This cultivar averaged 80cm in culm length and has a medium growth duration. Milled rice of Hwaweon 6 is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The average yield potential of Hwaweon 6 in grain was about 6.57 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level for two years about 3.0% higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo due to an introgression of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for spikelets per panicle (qSPP7) from O. minuta. This variety is comparable to Hwaseongbyeo in low temperature germinability and cold tolerance. The qSPP7 QTL would be useful in enhancing yield potential in rice breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.226-230
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• 2010

'Gwanghan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. It was derived from a cross between 'Early80' and 'Gwiri23'. A parent, 'Early80', has early heading and high yielding, while Gwiri23 has mid-heading with large-size grain. Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO96016-B-112-YB-12-7', was selected for earliness, cold tolerance, and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri64'. The line was subsequently evaluated for cold tolerance, earliness, and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2007 to 2009, and finally named as 'Gwanghan'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of 'Gwanghan' harvested at milk-ripe stage was $16.4MT\;ha^{-1}$, compared with $15.4MT\;ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar 'Samhan'. 'Gwanghan's' heading date is about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar, and is adapted primarily for winter cultivation in the mid-southern regions of Korean peninsula.