• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1406-1415
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• 2022

The formation of macrophage foam cells stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is deemed an important cause of atherosclerosis. Transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which is a universally expressed multifunctional protein, is closely related to cell metabolism disorders such as lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. However, whether YY1 is involved in macrophage inflammation and lipid accumulation still remains unknown. After mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells were induced by ox-LDL, YY1 and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expressions were found to be increased while low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression was lowly expressed. Subsequently, through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot analysis, Oil Red O staining and cholesterol quantification, it turned out that silencing of YY1 attenuated the inflammatory response and lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 cells caused by ox-LDL. Moreover, results from the JASPAR database, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis suggested that YY1 activated PCSK9 by binding to PCSK9 promoter and modulated the expression of LDLR in the downstream of PCSK9. In addition, the results of functional experiments demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of YY1 interference on ox-LDL-mediated macrophage inflammation and lipid accumulation were reversed by PCSK9 overexpression. To sum up, YY1 depletion inhibited its activation of PCSK9, thereby reducing cellular inflammatory response, cholesterol homeostasis imbalance, and lipid accumulation caused by ox-LDL.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2020

Gene expression in HIV-1 is regulated by the promoters in 5' long-terminal repeat (LTR) element, which contain multiple DNA regulatory elements that serve as binding sites for cellular transcription factors. YY1 could repress HIV-1 gene expression and latent infection. Here, however, we observed that virus production can be increased by YY1 over-expression and decreased under YY1 depleted condition by siRNA treatment. To identify functional domain(s) of YY1 activation, we constructed a number of YY1 truncated mutants. Our data show that full-length YY1 enhances the viral transcription both through U3 and U3RU5 promoters. Moreover, the C-terminal region (296-414 residues) of YY1 is responsible for the transcriptional upregulation, which could be enhanced further in the presence of the viral Tat protein. The central domain of YY1 (155-295 residues) does not affect LTR activity but has a negative effect on HIV-1 gene expression. Taken together, our study shows that YY1 could act as a transcriptional activator in HIV-1 replication, at least in the early stages of infection.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1996

XY 암컷에서 유도된 자성발생성 2배체 수컷 및 이의 성전환 암컷으로 부터 YY수컷(초수컷) 및 ${\Delta}YY$ 암컷(초암컷)을 선발하기 위하여 각각 정상 암컷 및 정상 수컷과 교배하여 자손 검정을 실시하였다. 교배가 이루어진 자성발생성 이배체 수컷 7마리 중 3마리가 YY 수컷으로 판정되었으며, 이들 자손의 수컷율은 $93.3\%\~100.0\%$로서 정상 교배에서 예상되는 성비인 1 : 1에 대한 $X^2$ test 결과 매우 유의하게 나타났다(P<0.01 또는 P<0.001). 자성발생성 2배체 성전환 암컷의 경우 교배가 이루어진 3마리 중 2마리가 ${\Delta}YY$ 암컷으로 판정되었으며, 이들 자손의 수컷율은 각각 $92.9\%$ 및 $86.2\%$ 그리고 $87.5\%$ 및 $95.0\%$로서 1 : 1 성비에 대해 매우 유의하였다(P<0.005). YY 수컷과 ${\Delta}YY$ 암컷간의 교배에서 전수컷 자손만이 생산되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2024

This study aims to explore possible effect of RNA polymerase I subunit D (POLR1D) on proliferation and angiogenesis ability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and mechanism herein. The correlation of POLR1D and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expressions with prognosis of CRC patients in TCGA database was analyzed. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were applied to detect expression levels of POLR1D and YY1 in CRC cell lines and CRC tissues. SW480 and HT-29 cells were transfected with si-POLR1D or pcDNA3.1-POLR1D to achieve POLR1D suppression or overexpression before cell migration, angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were assessed. Western blot was used to detect expressions of p38 MAPK signal pathway related proteins and interaction of YY1 with POLR1D was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). TCGA data showed that both POLR1D and YY1 expressions were up-regulated in CRC patients. High expression of POLR1D was associated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. The results showed that POLR1D and YY1 were highly expressed in CRC cell lines. Inhibition or overexpression of POLR1D can respectively suppress or enhance proliferation and angiogenesis of CRC cells. YY1 inhibition can suppress CRC progression and deactivate p38 MAPK signal pathway, which can be counteracted by POLR1D overexpression. JASPAR predicted YY1 can bind with POLR1D promoter, which was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP. YY1 transcription can up-regulate POLR1D expression to activate p38 MAPK signal pathway, thus promoting proliferation and angiogenesis ability of CRC cells.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-obesity effect and molecular mechanism of YY312, a herbal extract composed of Imperatae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus, and Evodiae Fructus, on a high-fat diet-induced animal model and on 3T3-L1 cells. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were fed for 6 weeks with a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Then they orally administered daily with 300 mg/kg YY312 for next 10 weeks. Body weight and food consumption were recorded weekly and daily, respectively. Tissue weights, serum lipid, and glucose levels were analyzed at the end of the study. Additionally, the effects of YY312 on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined. After differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were treated with YY312, Oil-red O staining, RT-PCR, and Western blotting were performed for lipid accumulation, mRNA expression of adipogenesis gene, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, respectively. Results : YY312-administered mice showed a significant reduction of body weights and abdominal adipose tissue weights. YY312 also reduced the serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, compared with the HFD group. Treatment with YY312 inhibited lipid accumulation and blocked expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipogenesis genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, CCAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ and fatty acid synthase. YY312 increased AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusions : This study showed that herbal extract YY312 has an anti-obesity effect in vitro and in vivo. Thus, YY312 could be developed as a supplement for reduction of body weight gain induced by an HFD.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2021

Gabriel-de Vries syndrome, caused by the mutation of YY1, is a newly defined genetic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and intrauterine growth retardation. A 7-month-old girl presented developmental delay and subtle facial dysmorphism including facial asymmetry, micrognathia, and low-set ears. Whole exome sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous missense variant in the YY1 (c.1220A>G; p.His407Arg) gene. Here, we examined the clinical and genetic characteristics of an infant with a novel likely pathogenic variant of YY1. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of Gabriel-de Vries syndrome.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2020

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have stemness characteristics, including germ cell-specific imprints that allow them to form gametes. Spermatogenesis involves changes in gene expression such as a transition from expression of somatic to germ cell-specific genes, global repression of gene expression, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, highly condensed packing of the nucleus with protamines, and morphogenesis. These step-by-step processes finally generate spermatozoa that are fertilization competent. Dynamic epigenetic modifications also confer totipotency to germ cells after fertilization. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryos do not enter meiosis, remain in the proliferative stage, and are referred to as gonocytes, before entering quiescence. Gonocytes develop into SSCs at about 6 days after birth in rodents. Although chromatin structural modification by Polycomb is essential for gene silencing in mammals, and epigenetic changes are critical in spermatogenesis, a comprehensive understanding of transcriptional regulation is lacking. Recently, we evaluated the expression profiles of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and CP2c in the gonads of E14.5 and 12-week-old mice. YY1 localizes at the nucleus and/or cytoplasm at specific stages of spermatogenesis, possibly by interaction with CP2c and YY1-interacting transcription factor. In the present article, we discuss the possible roles of YY1 and CP2c in spermatogenesis and stemness based on our results and a review of the relevant literature.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.177-197
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• 1998

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Yipahnsan on angiogenic inhibition mechanism. This study investigates the effects of Yipahnsan on angiogenic inhibition mechanism evaluate cell adhesive inhibition effect, DNA fragmantaion analysis, nuclear condensation assay, FACScan analysis, angiogenic lumen formation assay, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR for mRNA expression, western blot analysis, confocal analysis for $Ca^{2+}influx$. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The cell adhesive inhibition ability was strongly increased from $5{\mu}g/ml$ on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 2. YY water extract caused $G_0/G_1$ arrest peak to existed on the ECV304 cell line. 3. YY water extract caused inhibition of proliferation and inducement of apoptosis on the collagen coated plate in ECV304 cell line. 4. YY water extract inhibited the lumen formation on the matrigel coated plate in ECV304 cell line. 5. YY water extract inhibited the expressions of LFA-1 and ELAM-1 on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 6. YY water extract inhibited the expressions of MMP-9 and uPA on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 7. YY water extract inhibited the expression of integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 8. YY water extract decreased the change of $Ca^{2+}$ in intracellular on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. According to the results, Yipahnsan showed to be a key antagonist of integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$, and to be induction of apoptosis by p53 through flow cytometry. This report also demonstrated that expressions of MMP-9 and uPA were blocked under the angiogenesis model. Thus, we suggested that Yipahnsan blocks angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis in ECV304 and ECVPAR cell lines, and another oriental herbal medicine that treats qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type also has angiogenic inhibition effects.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2005

본 연구는 재래흑돼지와 개량종 돼지들과의 도체 및 육질 특성을 비교 평가하여 표준화를 통해 부가가치를 높여 품질을 고급화 할 수 있는 기초자료를 제시할 목적으로 재래흑돼지와 개량종 돼지인 듀록종(DD), 랜드레이스종(LL), 요크셔종(YY) 그리고 삼원교잡종(LYD)을 시험에 공시해 품종간 처리구별 도체 및 육질 성적을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 재래흑돼지의 생체중, 도체중, 거래 정육 생산량, 가죽, 지방 및 뼈의 생산량이 개량종 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, 재래흑돼지의 도체율과 정육률도 개량종 4처리구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 경향이었으나(p<0.05), 총지방 생산율, 가죽, 뼈, 신 및 신지방의 생산율은 재래흑돼지가 개량종에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 재래흑돼지는 개량종과 비교해 모든 부위에서 낮은 정육량을 보였으며, 품종간에는 YY종이 가장 높았고, 다음 LYD종이 높았으며, KNP가 가장 낮았다. 삼겸살 정육량은 KNP, YY종, LYD종이 각각 6.12, 9.43, 9.52 kg으로 나타났으며, 재래흑돼지의 삽겹살 정육률은 $11.11\%$이었으며, 개량종은 $11.5\~12.2\%$를 나타내었다. 또한 전단가는 품종간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 보수력과 가열 감량은 재래흑돼지가 낮은 경향을 보인 (p<0.05) 반면, 다즙성은 근내 지방함량이 높은 관계로 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05), 육색의 $a^{*}$값은 KNP가 가장 높았고 (p<0.05), DD종이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05).