BMB Reports

생화학분자생물학회 (Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Human transcription factor YY1 could upregulate the HIV-1 gene expression

  • Yu, Kyung Lee (National Research Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Jung, Yu Mi (National Research Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Park, Seong Hyun (National Research Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Seong Deok (National Research Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • You, Ji Chang (National Research Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 투고 : 2019.08.27
  • 심사 : 2019.10.11
  • 발행 : 2020.05.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Gene expression in HIV-1 is regulated by the promoters in 5' long-terminal repeat (LTR) element, which contain multiple DNA regulatory elements that serve as binding sites for cellular transcription factors. YY1 could repress HIV-1 gene expression and latent infection. Here, however, we observed that virus production can be increased by YY1 over-expression and decreased under YY1 depleted condition by siRNA treatment. To identify functional domain(s) of YY1 activation, we constructed a number of YY1 truncated mutants. Our data show that full-length YY1 enhances the viral transcription both through U3 and U3RU5 promoters. Moreover, the C-terminal region (296-414 residues) of YY1 is responsible for the transcriptional upregulation, which could be enhanced further in the presence of the viral Tat protein. The central domain of YY1 (155-295 residues) does not affect LTR activity but has a negative effect on HIV-1 gene expression. Taken together, our study shows that YY1 could act as a transcriptional activator in HIV-1 replication, at least in the early stages of infection.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Atchison L, Ghias A, Wilkinson F, Bonini N and Atchison ML (2003) Transcription factor YY1 functions as a PcG protein in vivo. EMBO J 22, 1347-1358 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdg124
  2. Bushmeyer S, Park K and Atchison ML (1995) Characterization of functional domains within the multifunctional transcription factor, YY1. J Biol Chem 270, 30213-30220 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.50.30213
  3. Austen M, Luscher B and Luscher-Firzlaff JM (1997) Characterization of the transcriptional regulator YY1. The bipartite transactivation domain is independent of interaction with the TATA box-binding protein, transcription factor IIB, TAFII55, or cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CPB)-binding protein. J Biol Chem 272, 1709-1717 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.3.1709
  4. Wilkinson FH, Park K and Atchison ML (2006) Polycomb recruitment to DNA in vivo by the YY1 REPO domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 19296-19301 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603564103
  5. Shi Y, Seto E, Chang LS and Shenk T (1991) Transcriptional repression by YY1, a human GLI-Kruppel-related protein, and relief of repression by adenovirus E1A protein. Cell 67, 377-388 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90189-6
  6. Seto E, Shi Y and Shenk T (1991) YY1 is an initiator sequence-binding protein that directs and activates transcription in vitro. Nature 354, 241-245 https://doi.org/10.1038/354241a0
  7. Park K and Atchison ML (1991) Isolation of a candidate repressor/activator, NF-E1 (YY-1, delta), that binds to the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu E1 site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88, 9804-9808 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.21.9804
  8. Donohoe ME, Zhang X, McGinnis L, Biggers J, Li E and Shi Y (1999) Targeted disruption of mouse Yin Yang 1 transcription factor results in peri-implantation lethality. Mol Cell Biol 19, 7237-7244 https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.10.7237
  9. Wu S, Shi Y, Mulligan P et al (2007) A YY1-INO80 complex regulates genomic stability through homologous recombination-based repair. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14, 1165-1172 https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1332
  10. Gordon S, Akopyan G, Garban H and Bonavida B (2006) Transcription factor YY1: structure, function, and therapeutic implications in cancer biology. Oncogene 25, 1125-1142 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209080
  11. Thomas MJ and Seto E (1999) Unlocking the mechanisms of transcription factor YY1: are chromatin modifying enzymes the key? Gene 236, 197-208 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00261-9
  12. Shi Y, Lee JS and Galvin KM (1997) Everything you have ever wanted to know about Yin Yang 1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1332, F49-66
  13. Hyde-DeRuyscher RP, Jennings E and Shenk T (1995) DNA binding sites for the transcriptional activator/repressor YY1. Nucleic Acids Res 23, 4457-4465 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.21.4457
  14. Lee JS, Galvin KM, See RH et al (1995) Relief of YY1 transcriptional repression by adenovirus E1A is mediated by E1A-associated protein p300. Genes Dev 9, 1188-1198 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.10.1188
  15. Yao YL, Yang WM and Seto E (2001) Regulation of transcription factor YY1 by acetylation and deacetylation. Mol Cell Biol 21, 5979-5991 https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.17.5979-5991.2001
  16. Coull JJ, Romerio F, Sun JM et al (2000) The human factors YY1 and LSF repress the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat via recruitment of histone deacetylase 1. J Virol 74, 6790-6799 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.74.15.6790-6799.2000
  17. Satijn DP, Hamer KM, den Blaauwen J and Otte AP (2001) The polycomb group protein EED interacts with YY1, and both proteins induce neural tissue in Xenopus embryos. Mol Cell Biol 21, 1360-1369 https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.4.1360-1369.2001
  18. Ko CY, Hsu HC, Shen MR, Chang WC and Wang JM (2008) Epigenetic silencing of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta activity by YY1/polycomb group/DNA methyltransferase complex. J Biol Chem 283, 30919-30932 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M804029200
  19. Margolis DM, Somasundaran M and Green MR (1994) Human transcription factor YY1 represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription and virion production. J Virol 68, 905-910 https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.2.905-910.1994
  20. He G and Margolis DM (2002) Counterregulation of chromatin deacetylation and histone deacetylase occupancy at the integrated promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by the HIV-1 repressor YY1 and HIV-1 activator Tat. Mol Cell Biol 22, 2965-2973 https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.22.9.2965-2973.2002
  21. Romerio F, Gabriel MN and Margolis DM (1997) Repression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through the novel cooperation of human factors YY1 and LSF. J Virol 71, 9375-9382 https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.71.12.9375-9382.1997
  22. Bernhard W, Barreto K, Raithatha S and Sadowski I (2013) An upstream YY1 binding site on the HIV-1 LTR contributes to latent infection. PLoS One 8, e77052 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077052
  23. Gaynor R (1992) Cellular transcription factors involved in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression. AIDS 6, 347-363 https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199204000-00001
  24. Pereira LA, Bentley K, Peeters A, Churchill MJ and Deacon NJ (2000) A compilation of cellular transcription factor interactions with the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 28, 663-668 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.3.663
  25. Jakobovits A, Smith DH, Jakobovits EB and Capon DJ (1988) A discrete element 3' of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 mRNA initiation sites mediates transcriptional activation by an HIV trans activator. Mol Cell Biol 8, 2555-2561 https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.8.6.2555
  26. Boris-Lawrie KA, Brady JN and Kumar A (1992) Sequences within the R region of the long terminal repeat activate basal transcription from the HIV-1 promoter. Gene Expr 2, 215-230
  27. Rizkallah R and Hurt MM (2009) Regulation of the transcription factor YY1 in mitosis through phosphorylation of its DNA-binding domain. Mol Biol Cell 20, 4766-4776 https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E09-04-0264
  28. Ylisastigui L, Kaur R, Johnson H et al (2005) Mitogenactivated protein kinases regulate LSF occupancy at the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter. J Virol 79, 5952-5962 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.10.5952-5962.2005
  29. Barton K and Margolis D (2013) Selective targeting of the repressive transcription factors YY1 and cMyc to disrupt quiescent human immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 29, 289-298 https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0227
  30. Ott M, Schnolzer M, Garnica J et al (1999) Acetylation of the HIV-1 Tat protein by p300 is important for its transcriptional activity. Curr Biol 9, 1489-1492 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(00)80120-7
  31. Dorr A, Kiermer V, Pedal A et al (2002) Transcriptional synergy between Tat and PCAF is dependent on the binding of acetylated Tat to the PCAF bromodomain. EMBO J 21, 2715-2723 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/21.11.2715