• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to improve sustainable clothes care by comparing household washer's standard course and quick course. Detergency at each course was classified by laundry weight, detergent concentration, and soils. Also, fabric damage from each course was compared. Washing experiments were carried out using two types of washing machines and three types of detergents. Using the standard soiled fabrics of EMPA 108 set, detergency was compared by laundry weight, soil, and detergent concentration. Additionally, fabric damage was evaluated using the mechanical action of MA-40. The results of the research were as follows. First, a standard course, having more working time exhibited better detergency than a quick course. However, the detergency deviation under 6kg laundry weight was as low as 9.0%. Second, detergency by the type of soil was more effective in standard course than in a quick course, but hydrophilic protein soils had a small detergency deviation at 7.6%. Moreover, hydrophobic oil, complex, and particulate soils had a higher deviation at 19.7% Third, fabric damage was in proportion to operating time. Fourth, a quick course showed approximately 80% detergency regardless of the type of detergent. in the case of using 50% of the recommended allowance by the detergent manufacturer. In conclusion, reducing the operating washing time and detergent concentration is in accordance with increasing sustainability, in the case of washing with lightly soiled fabrics under 6kg of laundry weight.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to identify a set of performance indicators for Korean APNs (Advanced Practice Nurses). Methods: A convenience sample of 78 APNs working in 2 leading hospitals in south Korea participated in the three-round Delphi survey. In the first round, subjects were asked to propose performance indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of their practice. They rated the relevancy of each indicator during the second round. In the final round of survey, subjects rated the relevancy of indicators again in the light of second round's overall results and they also were asked to check on current and future use of indicators. Results: After 5 months of three-round Delphi survey, 60 performance indicators were identified. In regard to relevancy, the 10 highly ranked indicators were patient satisfaction, self-care ability, expertise of service, family satisfaction, nurse satisfaction, satisfaction in nursing education, advanced nursing service count, education for patient/ family, education for nurse, and compliance. Advanced nursing service count, education for patient/ family, and education for nurse are currently used as indicators by more than 70% of respondents. Conclusion: Additional research is needed to identify subsets of performance indicators for specialized areas and to determine the validity and sensitivity of indicators.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.13
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• 2022

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of 3 reciprocating systems and the effects of 2 instruments for irrigant activation on filling material removal. Materials and Methods: Forty mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars were prepared up to size 25.06 and obturated. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) examination #1 was performed. Teeth were then divided into 4 groups (n = 10), according to the retreatment protocol: (1) manual, (2) Reciproc Blue, (3) WaveOne Gold, and (4) X1 Blue. Micro-CT examinations #2 and #3 were performed after filling removal and repreparation, respectively. Next, all teeth were divided into 2 new groups (n = 20) according to the irrigant activation protocol: XP Clean (XP Clean size 25.02) and Flatsonic (Flatsonic ultrasonic tip). Micro-CT examination #4 was performed after irrigant activation. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level set at 5%. Results: WaveOne Gold removed a significantly greater amount of filling material than the manual group (p < 0.05). The time to reach the WL was similar for all reciprocating systems (p > 0.05). X1 Blue was faster than the manual group (p < 0.05). Only manual group improved the filling material removal after the repreparation stage (p < 0.05). Both activation protocols significantly improved the filling material removal (p < 0.05), without differences between them (p > 0.05). Conclusions: None of the tested instruments completely removed the filling material. X1 Blue size 25.06 reached the working length in the shortest time. XP Clean and Flatsonic improved the filling material removal.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.181-194
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• 2022

Internal dosimetry is a discipline which brings together a set of knowledge, tools and procedures for calculating the dose received after incorporation of radionuclides into the body. Several steps are necessary to calculate the committed effective dose (CED) for workers or members of the public. Each step uses the best available knowledge in the field of radionuclide biokinetics, energy deposition in organs and tissues, the efficiency of radiation to cause a stochastic effect, or in the contributions of individual organs and tissues to overall detriment from radiation. In all these fields, knowledge is abundant and supported by many works initiated several decades ago. That makes the CED a very robust quantity, representing exposure for reference persons in reference situation of exposure and to be used for optimization and assessment of compliance with dose limits. However, the CED suffers from certain limitations, accepted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for reasons of simplification. Some of its limitations deserve to be overcome and the ICRP is continuously working on this. Beyond the efforts to make the CED an even more reliable and precise tool, there is an increasing demand for personalized dosimetry, particularly in the medical field. To respond to this demand, currently available tools in dosimetry can be adjusted. However, this would require coupling these efforts with a better assessment of the individual risk, which would then have to consider the physiology of the persons concerned but also their lifestyle and medical history. Dosimetry and risk assessment are closely linked and can only be developed in parallel. This paper presents the state of the art of internal dosimetry knowledge and the limitations to be overcome both to make the CED more precise and to develop other dosimetric quantities, which would make it possible to better approximate the individual dose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.629-637
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• 2006

This exploratory study is to analyze the status of star menus and suggest the development strategy of star menus in the western restaurants of the tourism hotels in Seoul. The data was collected from the chefs who have been working over 15-years in tourism hotels in Seoul by judgement sampling. The questionnaire was composed of Miller and Pavesic's 'Fifty tips for a successful menu' and Khan's 'The evaluation of menu item development', The 30-menu items were selected from the 1st survey on the menu items that were high in both popularity and contribution margin by menu engineering method. The selected menu items were analyzed by 14 lists: simplicity, ready availability of ingredients, quality, flavor, presentation, preparation, service method, nutrition quality, preference, profitability, serving temperature, descriptive copy of menu and publicity. As a result of the study, appetizer category was recorded the highest score by 4.09. Smoked salmon, Tomato and mozzarella cheese, Cream of mushroom, Cream of asparagus, French onion soup, Grilled beef tenderloin, Grilled rib-eye steak, Roasted lamb rack, King prawn, Seafood spaghetti, Chef's salad, Caesar salad, Organic salad, Fruit plate, Italian tiramisu and Yogurt ice cream were recorded high score. The development strategy of star menu is belows : the menu writer must consider the productivity, effectiveness, popularity and profitability, the regular customers want varieties and creativity in the menu and the operators have to include the star menu items in the set menu.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

The fluid coupling combined with a pump and a turbine have many merits compared with other couplings, their uses are increesing rapidly in various industrial fields at home and abroad in pursuit of high-speed more efficiency durability of various mechanic devices. The authorities concerned have recognized the improtance of the fluid coupling and supported its developement and now some trial products began to show up. As the structrue and characteristics of the fluid coupling have little similarity to other kinds of couplings and its fluid behavior is unique, so its characteristic analysis is expected to be difficult. Until now no satisfactory study on the characteristics of the fluid coupling seems to have been conducted at home, so a study on this field needs to be done urgently. The purpose of this research is to construct the experimental test set-ups and establish a series of performance test program for the domestically developed fluid couplings and to provide a software to store and utilize these experimental data which can be used to improve the performance of the fluid coupling and solve on the job problems confronted in operation. The performance test consists of taking measurment of torque, rpm and efficiency of the fluid coupling for three different amount of working fluid inside with various loads to the output shaft and finally infestigating the torque, rpm and efficiency characteristics of the fluid coupling with respect to these parameters. The results of this study can contribute valuable references to the development of variable speed fluid coupling and torque converter currently pursued by the domestic industry.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 2023

In this study, to explore the working performance of the CFST split spherical node wind power tower, two groups of CFST split spherical joint plane towers with different web wall thicknesses and a set of space systems were analyzed. The tower was subjected to a low-cycle repeated load test, and the hysteresis and skeleton curves were analyzed. ABAQUS finite element simulation was used for verification and comparison, and on this basis parameter expansion analysis was carried out. The results show that the failure mode of the wind power tower was divided into weld tear damage between belly bar, high strength bolt thread damage and belly rod flexion damage. In addition, increasing the wall thickness of the web member could render the hysteresis curve fuller. Finally, the bearing capacity of the separated spherical node wind power tower was high, but its plastic deformation ability was poor. The ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient of the simulated specimens are positively correlated with web diameter ratio and web column stiffness ratio. When the diameter ratio of the web member was greater than 0.13, or the stiffness ratio γ of the web member to the column was greater than 0.022, the increase of the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient decreased significantly. In order to maximize the overall mechanical performance of the tower and improve its economy, it was suggested that the diameter ratio of the ventral rod be 0.11-0.13, while the stiffness ratio γ should be 0.02-0.022.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.113-139
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• 2012

Under the goal of investigating the difference of staff perceptions in performance evaluations at local self-sufficiency centers, this study set out to examine whether differences would be found between team leaders or those in higher positions and the common staff in criteria, procedures, implementation, rewards, and feedback of performance evaluations. For that purpose, the investigator conducted a survey by mail with staff working for local self-sufficiency centers in 15 cities and provinces across the nation from September 6 to 30, 2010. Of 672 questionnaires that were distributed, 439 were returned. Of these, a total of 432 were used in latent mean analysis. The major findings are as follows: first, the staff at local self-sufficiency centers had a relatively negative perception of performance evaluation in terms of rewards for evaluation results. Secondly, the team leaders or those in higher positions had a more negative perception of performance evaluation in terms of evaluation criteria and rewards for evaluation results than common staff. Based on those findings, the study offered some implications with regard to performance evaluation systems at local self-sufficiency centers.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.273-288
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• 2022

This study first classifies and organizes provisions on institutional arrangements (or IAs) and dispute settlement mechanism(or DSM) in a digital trade agreement. Then it conducts a case study on seven major digital trade agreements: the CPTPP, the USJDTA, the USMCA, the ASDEA, the RCEP, the KSDPA, and the DEPA. And it finally derives implications for Korea to improve implementation of DTAs by communicating better and resolving disputes efficiently with the help of IAs and DSM-related provisions. IAs of a digital trade agreement can be defined as a set of agreements on the division of the respective responsibilities of agencies involved in implementing and enforcing the agreement, including committees, working groups, or contact points. DSM of a digital trade agreement includes consultation, mediation, arbitration, and establishment of a panel. Comparing six FTAs with an e-commerce chapter, the CPTPP, the USMCA, and the RCEP contain the most advanced type of IA provisions while the CPTPP, the USMCA, the RCEP, and the KSDPA have that of DSM provisions. Korea is its initial stage as it has only signed the KSDPA with Singapore as well as it is about to launch a new digital trade negotiation for the DEPA, the CPTPP, and even the IPEF, it is necessary to engage in negotiations with a clearer position on behalf of Korean digital companies. As provisions on IAs and DSM are important policy tools that can reflect industry concerns and convey proposals in inter-governmental dialogue, a Korean draft of the IAs and DSM-related provision should be prepared in advance.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the risk factors focusing on the neck and lower back between general workers (GW) and mild intellectual disability workers (MIDW) in the automobile manufacturing industry. Methods: A total of 32 participants were required for this study design to achieve 80% power, 0.9 effect size, and an alpha level of 0.05. Each group consisted of 16 subjects, including GW and MIDW. Pain levels in the neck and lower back were measured for all participants using the visual analog scale (VAS). A dual digital inclinometer was used to measure the range of motion (ROM) in the neck and lower back three times, and the average was used for analysis. The independent t-test was used to compare between the wo groups. Cohen's d effect analysis was employed to determine the effect size. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: In the MIDW, neck pain was significantly higher, and left cervical flexion was significantly decreased compared with the GW. There was no significant difference in lower back pain between the MIDW and GW. However, both lumbar flexion and extension, as well as lateral flexion, were significantly reduced in the MIDW compared with the GW. Conclusion: This study reveals that MIDW working in the automobile manufacturing industry have a greater risk of neck pain, limitation in left cervical flexion, and overall restriction in the ROM of the lower back compared with GW.