• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2015

We developed a test of English silent word reading, following work by Mather, Hammill, Allen and Roberts (2004) and Bell, McCallum, Krik, Fuller, and McCane-Bowling (2007), in order to tap Hong Kong Chinese children's reading of English as a foreign language. We created one subtest of individual word reading and another of word reading contextualized within sentences; together, these tests require no more than 10 minutes for administration. In Study 1, we administered the entire test to 552 second grade Hong Kong Chinese children between the ages of 70 and 121 months old, from five different primary schools. The association between the subtests of English silent word reading and contextual reading was positively correlated (.78). In Study 2, 77 Hong Kong Chinese second graders were tested on our newly developed English silent word reading test, together with non-verbal IQ, an English word reading and a Chinese character recognition test (both read aloud). With age and non-verbal IQ statistically controlled, there was a significant correlation between English silent word reading and the more standard English word reading, read aloud, (.78); the association between English silent word reading and Chinese character recognition was also positively correlated (.49). This newly created test is a quick and reliable measure, suitable for both educators and researchers to use to identify poor readers who learn English as a foreign or second language.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.289-304
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• 2006

The purpose of this pilot study is to construct a searching thesaurus with word association test in the library and information science field and to confirm it's functionality as searching aids through query expansion experiments. The test results were analyzed to four types of relationship between stimulus words and response words, and the terms of association thesaurus were compared with descriptors of an existing thesaurus. The test results show that the word association test is a fruitful method to identify many related terms and narrower and equivalent terms in some degree to the stimulus terms. Furthermore. in the query expansion experiment. the Performance of association thesaurus was better than that of an existing thesaurus, This result demonstrates that word association thesaurus can apply to query expansion.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.69-86
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of small-group arithmetic word problem activities with concrete materials on 5 year old children's mathematical ability and attitude. Methods: A total of 34 five-year-old children (control group 16 children, experimental group18 children) attending two kindergartens in P city participated in this study. Fifteen small-group arithmetic word problem activities with concrete materials were conducted in the classroom of the experimental group twice a week for eight weeks. Before and after the activities, all the participants individually took a basic arithmetic test, mathematical word problem solving test, and mathematical attitudes test. Results: First, we observed that the children in the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores on the mathematical ability tests, including the basic arithmetic test and mathematical word problems solving test when compared to the children in the control group. Second, we also found that children in the experimental group showed higher improvement in the mathematical attitudes test than their counterparts. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest that small-group arithmetic word problem activities with concrete materials are effective in improving children's mathematical ability and attitudes.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.329-355
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand the difference of cognitive structure depending on the level of the 6th graders' problem-solving abilities about the division of fraction and to propose a method for improving the 6th graders' understanding about the division of fraction through the word association test. The following is the findings from this study. 1)The lower level students' is, the lower the step that the chunk appeared in cognitive structure is. 2)The basic level students' association frequency between any two concepts was less than the excellent level students and the ordinary level students' it. 3)The basic level students' connection number between concepts was far less than the excellent level students and the ordinary level students' it. 4)The connection between natural number and unit fractions, subtraction of fraction and division of fraction, division of fraction and reduction to common denominator, and division of fraction and common multiple that expected in this study did not appear in the three groups.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of an explicit word instruction for EFL beginning readers and their perception on the learning experience. Data were attained from 16 fourth graders who took English class as a development activity. Data include the results of pre- and post-test of high frequency sight word recognition, oral reading ability, students' survey responses, and teacher observation. The descriptive statistics were obtained for the result of the pre- and post-test. The findings from the student survey and teacher observation were also provided and interpreted to better understand the result of project and students' perception on the learning experience. The followings are the results of this study. The word recognition ability of the students was dramatically improved after the project. The students were satisfied with the overall learning experience perceiving it as helpful and fun learning. They expressed that the explicit word instruction helped their word recognition and reading ability. The results also supported that the confidence of students on their reading ability were heightened. Several suggestions are made for teachers and researchers on the word instruction for young EFL learners who are beginning readers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.793-807
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to show the component and anticipation factors of loyalty and word-of-mouth. Specifically, hypothesis is that trust in a salesperson will influence satisfaction with the salesperson, and the store. And the satisfactions with the salesperson and the store will influence the loyalty to the salesperson and the store. Another hypothesis is that loyalty to a salesperson and a store will influence word-of-mouth. Scale items used in this study were selected from developed scales and were adapted to conforming to the selling situation in the service setting. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha test were accomplished. A total of 703 samples was used to test the hypotheses. The primary method of statistical analysis to test the hypotheses was a structural equation modeling on LISREL 8.3. The results of the study are as follows: First, trust had an influence on satisfaction with a salesperson and a store. Second, the results suggested that satisfaction with the salesperson and the store influences loyalty to the salesperson and the store. Finally, loyalty to the salesperson and the store influenced word-of-mouth, as predicted.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.19B no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2012

One of the major challenge for retrieval performance is the word mismatch between user's queries and documents in information retrieval. To solve the word mismatch problem, we propose a retrieval model based on the degree of association of query concept and word translation probabilities in translation-based model. The word translation probabilities are calculated based on the set of a sentence and its succeeding sentence pair. To validate the proposed method, we experimented on TREC AP test collection. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieved significant improvement over the language model and outperformed translation-based language model.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.207-219
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate shopping behavior of Chinese, Japanese, and US tourists in Korea. For this purpose, travel activities and shopping items were identified first. And thereafter the shopping satisfaction, travel satisfaction, intention to word-of-mouth, and intention to re-visit were compared by country, gender and age. Finally, the effect of shopping satisfaction on travel evaluations as well as the effect of demographics on shopping satisfaction were examined. Secondary data were used for this survey, while ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and regression analysis were applied to analyze data. The results were listed below. First, main travel activities were shopping, followed by enjoying natural scenery and visiting historic sites. Apparel, cosmetics, leather goods, and shoes were major shopping products. Chinese and Japanese tourists preferred cosmetics and apparel most, while US travellers bought lots of apparel and shoes. Men and older tourists tended to buy food products more than women and younger people did. Second, degree of shopping satisfaction significantly differed by country and age. The US tourists showed highest satisfaction, followed by Japanese and Chinese ones. Younger people tended to be satisfied more than older people significantly. In terms of travel satisfaction and intention for word-of-mouth, the US tourists, women, and younger people revealed higher scores than the other counterparts. Intention to re-visit Korea were significantly different, based on country and gender, showing higher for the US people and women. Third, shopping satisfaction was found to affect travel satisfaction, intention for word-of- mouth, and intention to revisit Korea significantly. In turn, travel satisfaction was also shown significantly to affect on intention for word-of-mouth, and intention to re-visit Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2016

This paper presents the part-of-speech set which is highly efficient at knowledge-based word sense disambiguation for Korean nouns. 174,000 sentences extracted for test set from Sejong semantic tagged corpus whose sense is based on Standard korean dictionary. We disambiguate selected nouns in test set using glosses and examples in Standard Korean dictionary. 15 part-of-speeches which give the best performance for all test set and 17 part-of-speeches which give the best performance for accuracy average of selected nouns are selected. We obtain 12% more performance by those part-of-speech sets than by full 45 part-of-speech set.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of banking service quality on consumer satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth. A total of 330 bank consumers were investigated between Sept. 11 and Oct. 11, 2006. After sorting through the data, the responses of 299 consumer ( > 24 yrs old) were used for analysis. SERVPERF, the performance component of the Service Quality scale (SERVQUAL), was used to measure the four dimensions of reliability, responsiveness/empathy, assurance, and tangibles. Responses were partitioned by age and gender. The major findings were as follows; The effect of service quality by SERVPERF on consumer satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth did not differ according to gender. However, positive recommendation in males was directy related to the technical quality evaluate. In females, higher the functional quality evaluate was directly related to higher positive word-of-mouth recommendation. The effect of service quality by SERVPERF on consumer satisfaction was not revealed differently according to age. However, with respect to respondents under the age of 45, tangibles and assurance had a positive relationship with word-of-mouth recommendation. Furthermore, the higher the functional quality evaluate, the higher the level of positive word-of-mouth. Responsiveness/empathy was the most significant factor on positive word-of-mouth recommendation in respondents over the age of 45. In this age group, the higher the technical quality evaluate, the higher the level of positive word-of-mouth recommendation. These results have implications for banking service managers, particularly in improving service quality to increase consumer satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth. Future research is needed to replicate this study using more broad and representative samples in order to test the generalization of these findings.