• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

This study was carried out four times on 2005 and 2006, respectively May and October to understand the bird community and habitat using condition in the Daegu Bulnogoboon Jayeon Madang (DBJM). In this study, 34 species and 332 individuals were observed. The dominant species were Passer montanus 22.0%, Pica pica 18.1%, Hypsipetes amaurotis 6.02% and Sinosuthora webbiana 5.72%, and the species diversity was 2.797. With migration, the highest number and percentage to the lowest was residents 61.7%, summer visitors 26.5% and winter visitors 11.8%. Among 24 species which bred(check or possibility) in the DBJM, canopy was 50.0%, hole was 37.5% and bush was 12.5% in their nesting guilds. In foraging guilds in breeding season was canopy was 58.1%, water was 19.3% and bush was 16.1%, and in non-breeding season, canopy was 54.8%, water 22.6% and bush 19.3%. For the habitats of the birds in the DBJM, wetlands including reservoir area were used by herons, ducks and Hirundo rustica, grassland area was used by Sinosuthora webbiana, buntings and Passer montanus, and forest area was used by Streptopelia orientalis, woodpeckers, Hypsipetes amaurotis and tits. The number of species and individuals of birds observed in the DBJM was higher than other urban parks. We suggest that this was attributed to various man-made habitats such as wetland with reservoir, grassland and forest area constructed in the DBJM.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1996

This survey was conducted to investigate the situation of three types of laying hen houses and farmers' awareness of farm automation. Six windowless, three high-rising windowless and four open-sided laying hen houses were surveyed to compare their characteristics, and sixty farmers answered questionnaires. 1. Population density of laying hen was 13.9 birds/m^2$ in open-sided, 28.9 birds/m^2$ in high-rising windowless, and 44.9 birds/m^2$ in windowless laying hen houses. 2. Feeder space was $12{\sim}13.5cm$ in open-sided laying hen houses, but feeder space of windowless and high-rising hen houses was narrower than that of open-sided laying hen houses. 3. Thermal resistance values were $14.6{\sim}18.7\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$ in wall, #22.0{\sim}23.7\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$ in roof of windowless and high-rising windowless laying hen houses but the wall of open-sided laying hen houses was only $1.9\;m^2\;{\circ}C/W$. 4. Maximum ventilation capacity was 0.161{\sim}0.326$ cmm/bird in summer. Minimum rate of tunnel Ventilation laying hen houses in winter was $0.013{\sim}0.040$ cmm/bird, but minimum rate of crossflow and high-rising windowless laying hen houses was larger than that of tunnel ventilation houses. 5. One person managed about 8,100 birds in open-sided, and about 23,500 birds in windowless and high-rising windowless laying hen houses. 7. 90.7% of farmers responsed that they want to construct automatized laying hen houses in the future.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

Pennisetum aloperculoides is a key revegetation species mixed with other plants species and used for revegetating cut-slopes. The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of mixed seeding of revegetation plants on cut-slope revegetation with respect to the quantity of Pennisetum aloperculoides seeds. The coverage ratio and appearance frequency of Pennisetum aloperculoides, and other revegetation species were measured to assess the cut-slope revegetation. We divided Pennisetum treatments into four groups with different Pennisetum seed quantities of $0g/m^2$, $5g/m^2$, $10g/m^2$, and $15g/m^2$. For each treatment group, we mixed identical quantities of seeds from herbaceous flowers (bird's-boot trefoil, aster, chrysanthemums, golden coreopsis and china pink), cool-season turfgrasses, and woody plants (korean lespedeza, indigo and silk tree). The increase in the quantity of the Pennisetum seeds resulted in the higher coverage ratio for Pennisetum, but in the lower coverage ratio for herbaceous flowers, cool-season turfgrasses, and woody plants. We observed a short-term succession process in which the dominant species shifted in the following order: the initial species Pennisetum, herbaceous flowers, and then lastly woody plants. In case of the appearance frequency, we also observed the higher appearance frequency for Pennisetum and the lower appearance frequency for the other plants due to the increase in the quantity of Pennisetum seeds. Pennisetum, bird's-foot trefoil and china pink showed the tendency to decrease the appearance frequency from one month after seeding while cool-season turfgrasses became extinct due to summer drought. In the woody plants, the appearance frequencies of korean lespedeza and indigo were high due to the decrease in quantity of Pennisetum seeds. The silk trees were damaged from winter frost and none emerged at all in 2013 (the following year after the seeding). Korean lespedeza and indigo appeared to have the short-term rapid dominance over other treated revegetation plants.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2004

This study was carried out to understand the bird community and habitat using condition in the Gildong natural ecological park, from April 2001 to March 2002. In this study, 63 species and 2,075 individuals were observed respectively. The dominant species were Paradoxornis webbianus(33.6%), Emberiza elegans 18.5%), Parus major(6.4%), Pica pica(6.0%), and the diversity of the species was 2.511. With migration, the highest number and percentage to the lowest was residents, summer visitors, winter visitors and passage migrants. Among 17 species which bred in the Gildong natural ecological park, hole(H) was 47.1%, canopy(C) was 41.1% and bush(B) was 11.8% in their nesting guilds. In foraging guilds in breeding season was canopy(c) was 45.7%, water(w) was 23.9% and bush(c) was 15.2%, and, in non-breeding season, canopy was 43.5%, water 23.9% and bush 21.7%. For the habitats of the birds in the Gildong natural cological park, reservoir area was used by herons, ducks and sandpiper, wetland area was used by Lanius bucephalus, Paradoxornis webbianus and buntings, grassland area was used by Paradoxornis webbianus and buntings, and forest area was used by Streptopelia orientalis, woodpeckers and tits. The number of species and individuals of birds observed in the Gildong natural ecological park was higher than other urban parks. We suggest that this was attributed to different habitats such as reservoir, wetland, grassland and forest area constructed in the Gildong natural ecological park.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2015

This study is to designed to provide foundation for knit design which can apply the thickness and flexibility of jacquard knit by analyzing and comparing mechanical properties of 7 types of jacquard (normal jacquard, bird's eye jacquard, floating jacquard, tubular jacquard, ladder's back jacquard, blister jacquard, transfer jacquard) widely used in knit design to achieve the results. The sample was projected by using 7 gauge and SES-122S type computer knitting machine house tooth pattern with two colors were applied to 7 types of jacquard using Acrylic/Wool(30%/70%) $2/50.5^{\prime}s{\times}4ply\;yarn$ by Shimaseiki MFG., Ltd computer knitting machine. The mechanical properties of 7 types of jacquard samples were measured using KES-FB (Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric, Kata Tech Co. Ltd). HV(Hand Value) and THV (Total Hand Value) were calculated by using the formula of KN-402-KT and KN-301-WINTER respectively. The measurements were evaluated by 0-to-5 rating scale. As result, the floating jacquard was found to have excellent drape, making it suitable for express feminine silhouette with its most flexible and smooth touch. On the other hand, bird's eye jacquard is adequate for a suit jacket and coat regarding its excellent volume and flexibility. Blister jacquard and tubular jacquard are thick, heavy and stiff knit and both are suitable for simple box-style design. Ladder's back jacquard, however, is more appropriate for expressing the design of feminine charm and voluminous design. Based on the result of this study, it is supposed to provide basic information for development of knit industry regarding jacquard knit by designing the creative knit wear with high production efficiency.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2004

The Shihwa wetland, a newly developed constructed wetland prototype in Korea with an area of approximately 104 ha, was established to improve the water quality severely polluted inflow streams into Lake Shihwa. Because this wetland could play a role as an ecological park in addition to improving the water quality, an ecological impact of the Shihwa constructed wetland has been a national concern. This paper focused on reporting the survey results for fauna among the entire investigation results for 3 years. A total of 129 terrestrial insect species have been observed from August 2001 to June 2002. Among them, Ischnura asiatica (Brauer) (order Odonata), Scymnus species (order Coleoptera) and Orthopteran species were frequently found in the reed bushes. A total of 77 bird species were recorded in a seasonal count, the maximum number of species was 34 in winter and the maximum number of individuals was 4,599 in summer. For the freshwater fish, only 4 species were found in 2000, however in 2001 and 2002, 12 species and 459 individuals were collected at four survey points. Among these 12 species, the dominant species were Mugil cephalus(36%), followed by Carassius auratus (25%) and Rhinogobius brunneus (22%). Meanwhile,12 individuals of Oryzias latipes were observed nearby, mostly downstream of the wetland. For the Herpetofauna at four survey areas, 3 species of amphibians and 3 species of reptiles were recorded. Because of remaining salinity in the soil of the Shiwha constructed wetland, Herpetofauna inflow to the wetland was scanty and mainly inhabited the upstream area. A total of 8 mammal species were recorded. Small-sized species were the striped field mouse, the Ussurian harvest-mouse, the Manchurian reed vole and the brown rat. Middle- and large-sized species were Korean water-deer, Korean raccoon dogs, Korean yellow weasels and feral cats.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2022

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) cause contagious diseases and have the potential to infect not only birds but also mammals. Wild birds are the natural reservoir of AIVs and spread them worldwide while migrating. Here we collected active AIV surveillance data from wild bird habitats during the 2019 to 2022 winter seasons (from September to March of the following year) in South Korea. We isolated 97 AIVs from a total of 7,590 fecal samples and found the yearly prevalence of AIVs was 0.83, 1.48, and 1.27, respectively. The prevalence of AIVs were generally higher from September to November. These findings demonstrate that a high number of wild birds that carry AIVs migrate into South Korea during the autumn season. The highest virus numbers were isolated from the species Anas platyrhynchos (72%; n=70), followed by Anas poecilorhyncha (15.4%; n=15), suggesting that each is an important host for these pathogens. Twenty-five hemagglutinin-neuraminidase subtypes were isolated, and all AIVs except the H5N8 subtype were found to be low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Active surveillance of AIVs in wild birds could benefit public health because it could help to estimate their risk for introduction into animals and humans. Moreover, considering that 132 cases of human AIV infections have been reported worldwide within the last 5 years, active surveillance of AIVs is necessary to avoid outbreaks.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권5호통권112호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the inhabitation of wild birds at the World Cup Park and to offer the Park ecological management data. Land use md actual vegetation were examined to analyze the inhabitation of wild birds. Characteristics of bird communities were analyzed by dominance, density, diversity index and guild concept. You compare inhabitation before and after the Park was built. We classified the land use and actual vegetation into twenty-six types. Robinia pseudoacacia dominated the study area. Pyeonghwa Park and Nanji-cheon Park were simple-layer structures composed of alien woody species. The observed birds after the World Cup Park included 33 families 77 species, and 9,751 individuals. Among Wild Life types, the shrub and bush type was dominant. There were 26 species of resident birds, 20 species of summer visitors, 18 species of winter visitors, and 12 species of passage migrants. The following numbers of species and individuals were observed: in Hanul park, 38 species, 3,151 individuals; in Noul park, 45 species, 2,061 individuals; in Nanji-cheon park, 42 species, 2,742 individuals; in Pyeonghwa park, 29 species, 875 individuals; and in Maebongsan(Mt.) area, 35 species, 922 individuals. Species diversities for each area were as follows: Noul park, 2.613; Hanul park, 2,301; Nanji-cheon, 2.228; and Pyeonghwa park, 2,019; and each season: summer, 2.652; spring, 2.650: winter, 2.561; and autumn 2.176. The diversity of species increased from 1.135 in 1994 to 2.324 in 2001. We recommended that the park be differented into different ecological areas in order to encourage the appearance of wild birds at the World Cup Park. The management area was divided into three districts(conservation area, preservation and restoration area, use area). The conservation area was established to the west of a waste landfill and in the downstream area of NanJi-cheon, the preservation and restoration area was established in the midstream area of Nanji-cheon, and the use area was established in the buffer zone of Pyeonghwa Park and the Nanji pond greenspace.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2007

한라산국립공원의 조사지역에서 2006년 4월부터 2007년 2월까지 3차례에 걸쳐 조사한 결과 관찰된 조류는 38종 2,323개체였다. 이 중 텃새가 27종이었고, 여름철새가 6종, 겨울철새가 2종, 통과새가 3종이었다. 최우점종은 큰부리까마귀(14.81%)였으며, 다음은 직박구리(12.66%), 방울새(10.33%), 까마귀(8.44%), 곤줄박이(6.72%) 등의 순이었다. 산록도로지 역(A지역)에서는 31종 1,630개체의 조류가 관찰되었고, 탐방로지역(B지역)의 27종 693개체 보다 많은 것으로 나타났다 종다양도(H')는 $1.34{\sim}2.56$의 범위에서 봄 조사시 A지 역에서 종다양도 2.56으로 가장 높았고. 겨울 조사시 B지역에서 1.34로 가장 낮았다. 고도별로 각 종들의 분포양상이 다르게 나타난 것은 고도에 따른 기상요건과 먹이원의 차이에 의한 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

고방오리는 국내에 도래하는 주요 월동 조류이며, 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(HPAI)의 주요매개체로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 국내에서 월동하는 고방오리의 행동권과 서식지 이용을 파악하여 수조류 서식지 보호 관리에 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 연구에 이용된 시료는 2015년 월동기에 Cannon-net을 이용하여 포획된 6개체이며, GPS-이동통신 시스템을 기반으로 하는 야생동물위치추적장치(WT-300)를 부착한 후 조사되었다. 행동권은 GIS용 SHP 파일과 ArcGIS 9.0 Animal Movement Extension을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 커널밀도측정법(Kernel Density Estimation : KDE)과 최소볼록다각형법(Minimum Convex Polygon Method : MCP)을 이용하였다. 고방오리의 행동권은 최소볼록다각형법에 의해서 평균 $677.3km^2$이었다. 커널밀도측정법(KDE)로는 평균 $194.7km^2$(KDE 90%), $77.4km^2$(KDE 70%), $35.3km^2$(KDE 50%)로 나타났다. 서식지 이용은 해양수, 내륙습지와 같은 수계지역을 가장 많이 이용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 주간보다 야간에 농경지를 더 많이 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구를 통해 얻은 월동기 행동권과 서식지 이용률 등과 같은 결과는 종 보호와 서식지 관리 및 고병원성 조류 인플루엔자 발병 시 대응을 위한 자료로 널리 활용될 것이라 판단된다.