• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2012

The slowdown of private building industry resulted in growth of remodeling market as a way to improve energy performance. Remodeling is considered more cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for energy efficient building than new construction. Since 2008, Seoul has promoted Building Retrofit Project (BRP) preponderantly to attract energy-saving renovation by supporting building owners to switch building system into energy-saving system when they remodel their old buildings. According to 2012 press release, 254 Private sectors participated in this green building project and annually reduced 41000ton of greenhouse gas emission, 14000TOE, which also result in 7.5 billion won energy cost savings per year. The paper focuses on the building envelope remodeling as a way to improve energy efficiency. Different components of the building envelope such as wall insulation, window, and shading, were applied to the baseline model and the comparison was analyzed to come up with the ideal solution. This study only assesses the building envelope as to suggest the way to redesign the better energy performing building. Offering solution focusing on the architectural feature is essential because it will provide basic information and standard when remodeling a building for energy efficiency, especially, for the nonresidential buildings used as rental offices.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.59-72
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• 2012

The police, as an advance guard for performing governmental functions, should conduct their duties to protect lives, physical bodies, and properties in the nation against various kinds of crimes, prevent from a public risk by detecting a factor that can menace public safeguard and public order and suppress it when a risk factor occurs. Practically it is impossible to protect lives, physical bodies, and properties in the nationprovided that social stability is not taken as security. The roles of the criminal investigation police that take a countermeasure to prevent a risk in prior by detecting hindrance factor of social stability and process any occurred crime in conformity with pertinent laws could control a successful performance in each of the police activities themselves. The study assumes that the organizational capabilities of the criminal investigation police exercises a significant influence upon organizational concentration. In spite of the fact that it is natural that the organizational capabilities of the criminal investigation police exercises a significant influence upon organizational concentration, until now it is very deficient in studies of this field. It is a viewpoint that an organizational concentration would be improved when a capability of the organizational staff will be improved, they would have a targeting capability for sharing organizational goals and vision and a systematic capability would be supported by the dimension of the criminal investigation police. The study was aimed to deduce a developmental method for the criminal investigation police by conducting an analysis on the impact of the organizational capabilities of the criminal investigation police upon organizational concentration that it suggest method that the criminal investigation police will make a contribution for maintaining a social order.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.251-258
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• 2012

Recently, NAND Flash memory structure is evolving from SDR (Single Data Rate) to high speed DDR(Double Data Rate) to fulfill the high performance requirement of SSD and SSS. Accordingly, the proper ways of transferring data that latches valid data stably and minimizing data skew between pins by using PHY(Physical layer) circuit techniques have became new issues. Also, rapid growth of speed in NAND flash increases the operating frequency and power consumption of NAND flash controller. Internal voltage variation margin of NAND flash controller will be narrowed through the smaller geometry and lower internal operating voltage below 1.5V. Therefore, the increase of power budge deviation limits the normal operation range of internal circuit. Affection of OCV(On Chip Variation) deteriorates the voltage variation problem and thus causes internal logic errors. In this case, it is too hard to debug, because it is not functional faults. In this paper, we propose new architecture that maintains the valid timing window in cost effective way under sudden power fluctuation cases. Simulation results show that the proposed technique minimizes the data skew by 379% with reduced area by 20% compared to using PHY circuits.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

The increasing demands on low-power, and low-complexity video encoder have been motivating extensive research activities on distributed video coding (DVC) in which the encoder compresses frames without utilizing inter-frame statistical correlation. In DVC encoder, contrary to the conventional video encoder, an error control code compresses the video frames by representing the frames in the form of syndrome bits. In the meantime, the DVC decoder generates side information which is modeled as a noisy version of the original video frames, and a decoder of the error-control code corrects the errors in the side information with the syndrome bits. The noisy observation, i.e., the side information can be understood as the output of a virtual channel corresponding to the orignal video frames, and the conditional probability of the virtual channel model is assumed to follow a Laplacian distribution. Thus, performance improvement of DVC systems depends on performances of the error-control code and the optimal reconstruction step in the DVC decoder. In turn, the performances of two constituent blocks are directly related to a better estimation of the parameter of the correlation channel. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to estimate the parameter of the correlation channel and also a low-complexity version of the proposed algorithm. In particular, the proposed algorithm minimizes squared-error of the Laplacian probability distribution and the empirical observations. Finally, we show that the conventional algorithm can be improved by adopting a confidential window. The proposed algorithm results in PSNR gain up to 1.8 dB and 1.1 dB on Mother and Foreman video sequences, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed quad variable rates ADPCM coding method for efficient speech transmission and real time porcessing is implemented on TMS320C6711-DSP. The modified ADPCM with four variable coding rates, 16[kbps], 24[kbps], 32[kbps] and 40[kbps] are used for speech window samples for good quality speech transmission at a small data bits and real time encoding and decoding is implemented using DSP. ZCR is used to identify the influence of the noise on the speech signal and to decide the rate change threshold. For noise superior signals, low coding rates are applied to minimize data bit and for noise inferior signals, high coding rates are applied to enhance the speech quality. In most speech telecommunications, silent period takes more than half of the signals, speech quality close to 40[kbps] can be obtained at comparabley low data bits and this is shown by simulation and experiments. TMS320C6711-DSK board has 128K flash memory and performance of 1333MIPS and has meets the requirements for real time implementation of proposed coding algorithm.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.310-326
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• 2006

In this paper, we deal with a method of efficiently processing continuous queries in a data stream environment. We classify previous query processing methods into two dual categories - data-initiative and query-initiative - depending on whether query processing is initiated by selecting a data element or a query. This classification stems from the fact that data and queries have been treated asymmetrically. For processing continuous queries, only data-initiative methods have traditionally been employed, and thus, the performance gain that could be obtained by query-initiative methods has been overlooked. To solve this problem, we focus on an observation that data and queries can be treated symmetrically. In this paper, we propose the duality model of data and queries and, based on this model, present a new viewpoint of transforming the continuous query processing problem to a multi-dimensional spatial join problem. We also present a continuous query processing algorithm based on spatial join, named Spatial Join CQ. Spatial Join CQ processes continuous queries by finding the pairs of overlapping regions from a set of data elements and a set of queries defined as regions in the multi-dimensional space. The algorithm achieves the effects of both of the two dual methods by using the spatial join, which is a symmetric operation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms earlier methods by up to 36 times for simple selection continuous queries and by up to 7 times for sliding window join continuous queries.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2011

Ventilation rates, inside and outside weather data were measured in a arch-shape single-span plastic greenhouse growing tomatoes. On the roof of the experimental greenhouse, round windows which have a diameter of 0.6 m were installed at intervals of 8m. It showed that the number of air changes in this greenhouse were average 0.17 volumes per minute and in the range of 0.02 to 0.32 volumes per minute. These air changes are insufficient to meet the recommended ventilation rate for commercial greenhouses, and it is estimated that interval of 6 m is appropriate for spring or fall season. For summer season, it is necessary to narrow the space or to enlarge the open area of roof windows. Using the heat balance model, the evapotranspiration coefficients of greenhouse tomatoes were estimated from experimental ventilation data, overall heat transfer and solar radiation. It showed that the evapotranspiration coefficients were average 0.62 and in the 0.39 to 0.85 range. We suggest applying 0.6 as the evapotranspiration coefficient in design of ventilation for the single-span tomato greenhouses.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.139-147
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• 2015

Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has been actively studied because of its short training time, relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio, and higher information transfer rate. There are two popular analysis methods for SSVEP signals: power spectral density analysis (PSDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). However, the PSDA is known to be vulnerable to noise due to the use of a single channel. Although conventional CCA is more accurate than PSDA, it may not be appropriate for the real-time SSVEP-based BCI system when it has short time window length because it uses sinusoidal signals as references. Therefore, the two methods are not efficient for the real-time BCI system that requires a short TW and a high recognition accuracy. To overcome this limitation of the conventional methods, this paper proposes a frequency recognition method with a combination of CCA and PSDA using the difference between powers of canonical variables obtained from the results of CCA. Experimental results show that the performance of the combination of CCA and PSDA is better than that of CCA for the case of a short TW.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.106-110
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• 2002

Gel-type polyacrylonitrile(PAN) polymer electrolytes have been prepared using ethylene carbonate(EC), propylene carbonate(PC) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) plasticizer, $LiPF_6$ salt and $TiO_2$ ceramic filler. Electrochemical properties, such as electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity and compatibility with lithium metal and mechanical properly of polymer electrolytes were investigated. Charge/discharge performance of lithium secondary battery using these polymer electrolytes were investigated. The maximum load that the polymer electrolyte resists increased about two times as a result of adding $TiO_2$ in the polymer electrolyte containing EC and PC. Polymer electrolyte containing EC, PC and $TiO_2$ also showed ionic conductivity of $2\times10^{-3} S/cm$ at room temperature and electrochemical stability window up to 와 4.5V. Polymer electrolyte containing EC, PC, and $TiO_2$ showed the most stable interfacial resistance of $130\Omega$ during 20 days in the impedance spectra of the cells which were constructed by lithium metals as electrodes. Lithium metal secondary battery which employed $LiCoO_2$ cathode, lithium metal anode and $TiO_2$-dispersed polymer electrolyte showed $90\%$ of charge/discharge efficiency at the 1C rate of discharge.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.102-130
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• 2000

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinant factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Ponder's health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continuous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength. endurance, and fuctional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental wellbeing, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul between October 5, 1999 and October 24, 1999. Data were composed of self reported questionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by pedalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. 24 Of 54 hypothetical paths were supported in modified model, which was considered as a proper model with improved fit index. The physical fitness was directly influenced by exercise participation behavior and education level, and indirectly by physical fitness, while fatigue, physical disability, pastexercise behavior, life-style, self-efficacy, which explained 20% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by perceived benefits and self-efficacy, and indirectly influenced by life-style, fatigue and physical disability, and directly and indirectly by past exercise behavior, which explained 53% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived health status, perceived benefits, self efficacy, and past exercise behavior, and were indirectly affected by fatigue, physical disability, and life-style, which explained 50%. Perceived health status were directly influeced by level of education, depression, sleep disorder, and physical disability, which explained 34% of perceived health status. Perceived benefit was directly influenced by fatigue, sleep disorder, physical disability, and life-style, which explained 45%. Perceived barriers was directly influenced by fatigue, sleep disorder, and lifestyle, which explained 9%. Self- efficacy was directly influenced by fatigue, physical disability, past exercise behavior, and level of education, which explained 61%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were exercise participation and level of education, and variables affecting exercise participation were perceived self-efficacy, benefits, and past exercise behavior. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise participation. Life-style, fatigue, and physical disability showed direct effects on perceived benefit, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy, and indirect effects on exercise behavior. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be soaked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved.