• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the window area ratio distribution of building facade in Tokyo metropolitan area. The survey was carried out in Marunouchi, Kanda, Kasai and Todoriki district. The results of this study were as follows; to propose of window area ratio production method, analyzed and surveyed window area ratio of each district building-used and to compared every wall window area ratio of building. Every wall window area ratio of office district is $20\sim40%$, ones of non-office district is 15% or 35%. Residential area results are every wall window area ratio of apartment is 35%, ones of a house is 15%. To increase of office building to appear that Kanda, Kasai added window area ratio. But, Marunouchi, Todoriki wad not this tendency. Above mentioned results are made out database.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.857-862
• /
• 2008

Window is the most demanding design component in the building design. Recently, window area in the building surface has been increased significantly in the office building. As window area increased significantly, however, the thermal load has been increased significantly due to lack of thermal performance of the outside wall. In this paper, we discussed the energy consumption of the buildings according to window area ratio. Two types of building for energy consumption analysis were made by Designbuilder v.1.4 and Energyplus v.2.0. Window area ratio was five different types ($30%{\sim}70%$) in each building. As a result, the cooling energy consumption has been decreased as window area decreased in each building. Whereas the heating energy consumption has been increased window area decreased.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.92-97
• /
• 2009

It is more necessary to consider the various factors for developmenting visible PV module of alternative window than traditional PV module. It must have sufficient performance which is Tvis, daylighting, daylight factor, glare index. so that more needs to consider suitable plan and total evaluated technology. Under the this background. For using commonly a combination BIPV module system and Daylinghting that can alternative architectural window, our goal on this study is drawing proper window area ratio as the window by analyzing lighting performance and glare index depending on transmittance of DSSC. On this study, we drew the result about window area ratio that can apply in the building when applying DSSC in the window. In situation that window is alternated as curtain wall in atrium that has big Widow area, if applying red 15.8% DSSC of low transmittance, it is expect to proper because it is suitable illumination standard and doesn't occur a discomfort glare. In case of office, we propose to apply red 33.2% or blue 35.2% DSSC of high transmittance for no affecting lighting load. we expect to contribute to select proper and effective window when applying the window in the building by drawing the window area ratio that can apply in thee building depending on transmittance of DSSC and offering the glare index data.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2007

As ecological design elements, daylighting can be applied to provide adequate illumination on visual tasks to create an attractive visual environment and to save electrical energy. Daylighting control systems reject direct sunlight and penetrate it onto the ceiling or to deep into the room. This study aims to evaluate the luminance environment of sloped light guide with automated venetian blind systems according to sun angle changes. For evaluation, a mock-up model was used and the south facing side-window mounted between the clerestory window and the view window. To assess luminance performance, 3 view points of luminance were monitored. As results, the conventional and lightshelves show ideal luminance ratio between workplane and surroundings(3:1) and workplane and darkness area(2:1) due to total ratio of surroundings and darkness area has lower ratio than workplane. Compared to the lightshelves window, conventional window shows unrelieved effect in between the workplane and brightness area(1:5). It means that there has low deviation according to the required standards. Also, compared to the ratio between the brightness area and darkness area(2~6:1) conventional window with high deviation(10~20:1) provide discomfort glare due to the excessively strong contrast, while lightshelves window shows a required luminance ratio that provide a three-dimensional effect to occupants. Therefore, luminance distribution indicate that application of a lightshelves and blinds not only has a significantly positive effect but also offers higher luminance quality in a daylit room

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2016

In this study, we researched the energy load according to the change of the inner window area ratio, the distance of the air gap and the azimuth of the curtain wall building, which installed the multistory double-skin facade(DSF). and we compared the results with the no double-skin facade situation as follows. With the DSF, it is better than other case, when the window area ratio is 40% and the air gap is 1.2m on the west, south-45-west, south-45-east and east. And it's best when the window area ratio is 40% and the air gap is 0.4m on the south. And on the east or south-45-east, the window area ratio is 40% and the air gap is 1.2m is better than other case with the DSF. On south, it is best when the window area ratio is 100% without DSF. On the south-45-west or west, it is best when the window area ratio is 40% without the DSF.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2013

Due to the increasing concerns about the buildings which have affected the global environment, most countries have enacted a regulation for the sustainability of domestic buildings. In 2008, the Korean government started to enact a regulation of apartment and office buildings for energy saving. Many research on the sustainable apartment building focuses on $84m^2$ or larger type in response to market demand; therefore, small size type such as $46m^2$ type needs to be researched. In addition, the research on the orientation and window to wall ratio of the building have been separately studied as a means of energy reduction; therefore, the research on correlation of the orientation and window to wall ratio hasn't been fully explored yet. This paper analyzes the energy demand of the apartment building as the change of orientation and window to wall ratio among $46m^2$ and $84m^2$ type. In conclusion, when reducing the window to wall ratio, energy demand was reduced, except when the orientation of the building was between from +10 to -20 from the south.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2015

In the case of public buildings, fast communication and transparency in the administration and the public, as well as ensuring visibility and lighting performance using a glass curtain wall is symbolically expressed through the transparent glass skin. This study is a simulation in order to derive the basic data for the establishment of the improvement of the heating and cooling load analysis according to the window area ratio changes with respect to the high effectiveness of the government's large public building energy consumption analysis and green building certification system of guidelines was analyzed by a change in the energy load. Glass curtain wall is light and visibility, the symbolic meaning of communication, etc., but is widely used in a variety of characteristics, in terms of energy consumption being disadvantaged sheath plan should have been. Design, including the Atrium, is much less energy than energy consumption by the window area ratio. Thus, while compliance with design guide lines, the atrium and I like the burden of a large space ratio and energy load consists of only glass suggest that require more research on that given in the guidelines.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Many design index that are using in planning phase have been developed. The most popular things among them are Window to Wall Ratio and Surface to Volume Ratio. However there are some limits. Window to Wall Ratio cannot consider building size and Surface to Volume Ratio cannot do Window to Wall Ratio. Accordingly, in this paper, the Window to Floor Ratio was proposed that it can be considered both building size and Window to Wall Ratio. And analyzed correlation of energy demand. Method: For the test, 16 modules with the size of $6m{\times}6m{\times}4m$ were used to make 35 models with the same volume. The simulation was conducted to 945 cases using the window-to-wall ratio of 30, 50 and 70 % in three areas such as Seoul, Gwangju and Jeju and three kinds of windows. And IES_VE was used. Result: The findings above show that the Window to Floor Ratio that can be considered both building size and Window area have to become as design index. It was found out that design criteria with SHGC is necessary, not with the thermal performance (U-value). It is needed to additional analysis about residential building and the effect of 24-hours heating and cooling condition. It plans to carry out research to establish design indicators for climatic conditions in the country and building applications.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2013

This study focus on the analysis of the energy performance in accordance with apartment houses arrangement type by using Ecotect Analysis. Korea, energy-poor country, the rate of dependence on imports amount to 94%, have to reduce energy consumption part of building except in industry and transport which affect the economic. Apartment houses are built in various forms in order to reduce energy, are modelled in each window area ratio, shape, orientation, climate through simulation. Through this study, we can analyze energy performance by form, window area ratio, orientation, climate change and know the optimal elements by the form. In particular, although there have been studied research on the window area ratio and research related to the arrangement form, determined that the information on the regional climate characteristics and the direction of placement is less than existing research. To supplement those problem, adding to seven direction(West, S-60-W, S-30-W, South, S-30-E, S-60-E, East) and climatic element(southern region) is characteristic of this study. The form of apartment houses was modelled for apartment houses built in the 10 years since. And each modeling were analyzed by Ecotect Analysis.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2014

This study focuses on the analysis of the cooling and heating load in accordance with apartment houses arrangement type using Ecotect Analysis. Korea have to reduce energy consumption part of building except in industry and transport because the rate of dependence on imports amounts to 94%, Apartment houses built in various forms in order to reduce energy are modelled in each window area ratio, shape, orientation, and climate through simulation. Through this study, we can analyze the cooling and heating load by form, window area ratio, orientation, and climate change and know the optimal elements by the form. In particular, although there have been done research on the window area ratio and the arrangement form, the research of the regional climate characteristics and the direction are hardly carried out. To supplement those problem, adding to seven direction and climatic element of southern region is characteristic(L Type, Y Type, - Type) of this study. The form of apartment houses built 10 years ago is modelled for simulation.