• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.153-158
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• 1982

The study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the diseases epidemics of vegetable crops grown in Namji, Jinju, Gimhae and Suncheon under the extremely varied and specified conditions, plastic film house. The disease survey was conducted from the end of April, 1951 to April 1982. Leaf mold and late blight were serious foliar disease in tomato during the seedling stage, especially when the infected seeds were sown. The diseases increased rapidly 35 days after seeding. In both continuous cultivation of cucumber and rotation with upland crops, incidence of Fusarium wilt was severe while incidence of the disease was negligible in cultivations after paddy rice or grafting on pumpkin. Downy mildew of cucumber was severe in Jinju and Suncheon area, however, it was not so serious in Namji area where the growing season of cucumber was unfavorable for the maximum disease incidence. Cucumber mosaic virus disease was prevalent in the areas surveyed and the disease incidence was increased rapidly after June. Powdery mildew prevailed at the early stage of cucumber growth after transplanting in Namji area. Root rot and wilting caused by Phytophthora capsici was as the most destructive disease in pepper grown under the vinyl house, especially in Namji and Jinju area where the pepper has been cultivated intensively. The Phytophthora attacked most parts of young plants during the winter time and then induced crown rot on the adults plants. Cultivation of pepper in vinyl house was almost impossible because of the Phytophora disease by the end of June. Virus diseases to tomato plants were prevalent throughout the surveyed area and the damage was also severe. In Jinju and Gimhae area leaf mold and late blight showed high infection rate in tomato during the harvest time.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.443-448
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• 2015

The attractant effect to Platypus koryoensis (Murayama), an insect vector of Korean oak wilt disease, was determined using a multi-funnel trap and trap logs treated with ethanol and ethanol extract of the bark of the Mongolian oak Quercus mongolica (Fisher). The number of entrance holes in ethanol and bark ethanol extract treatments was higher than that in the control (blank bottle). However, the number of entrance holes in ethanol and bark ethanol extract treatments was not significantly different. The number of entrance holes in the logs increased with increase in diameter of the logs. The lower part of the trap logs had significantly more number of entrance holes than that in the upper part (p < 0.05). The lower part of trap logs tends to be rarely exposed to direct sunlight resulting in desiccation of the logs, which in turn provides good conditions for microbial growth, a food source for P. koryoensis. The results show, that ethanol could be used effectively in the monitoring and maintenance of P. koryoensis because of the cheaper cost of ethanol than bark ethanol extracts, and thus, having a higher economical advantage. Further research of oak bark ethanol extracts is necessary to improve its efficiency.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2020

Debates over the ecological and public health impacts of aerial pesticide sprays are increasing. This is particularly true for controlling Monochamus beetles, which are vector insects of pinewood nematodes. In 2017, adult female orb-web spiders, Trichonephila clavata, were sampled from pine forests in Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, where the aerial pesticide spray, fenitrothion or thiacloprid, was used for several decades. The biological traits of the spiders (body weight, body length, carapace width, and total hind leg length) were compared among treatment sites (no-spray, sprayed three times, and sprayed five times), and differences were observed. The body length, carapace width, and total hind leg length of the spiders in the sprayed areas were significantly shorter than in the no-spray area, but there were no differences between the area sprayed three or five times. These results indicate that repeated exposures to an aerial pesticide spray can alter morphological parameters, which influences population-level fitness. Future studies should monitor the spider long-term responses to pesticides (a direct effect) and prey availability (an indirect effect).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 1979

This study was performed to investigated of characteristics of male diploma nursing students. Data were collected by means of a mailed questionnaire. The sample included 29 respondents from 3 diploma nursing colleges during the period of Nov. 1st-15th, 1978. Major findings included. 1 ) Motive by which the objects of this investigation have chosen the science of nursing. Twenty-one (72.4%) responded, “As nursing occupation is a public welfare work, ”the highest rate, eighteen (62.3%) chose on advices of their parents and acquaintances. Seventeen (58.6%) reflected as a means of life with an occupation in hope of employment abroad. 2) Appreciation of nursing occupation. Twenty-two (75.9%) of opinions that the nursing job is called for by society was pre-dominent. While eighteen (62.1%) replied, “It is the job fit for the male sex, too.”“It is admitted as specialized occupation.”, or“It needs various human relation.”3) Degree of satisfaction wilt the science of nursing. Fifteen (51.7%) responded neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, while eight (27.6％) indicated as “satisfied”and four (13.8%) as“dissatisfied.”4) Degree of satisfaction with the faculty. Sixteen (55.2%) replied, “common, ”the highest, while ten (34.5%) indicated as“dissatisfied, ”two (6.9%) as“satisfied.”The reason for dissatisfaction with the faculty; The responses regarding dissatisfaction was twenty-three (79.3%) as insufficiency of the faculty. Thirteen (44.8%) indicated“the lack of personal cultivation of the faculty.”, And eleven (37.9%) indicated as“the quantitive shortage of the faculty, ”or“the vagueness of learning estimation.”5) Degree of satisfaction with the clinical, training. Eight (27.6%) responded as“common, ”or “dissatisfied, ”while seven (24.1%) indicated as“satisfied.”Reason for dissatisfaction with the training ; Twenty (69.0％) indicated“deficiency of personal treatment to the students of the men of business in the hospital”with respect to the reason, eighteen (62.1％) was indicated as gap between theory and practice, while eleven (37.9%) indicated“insufficiency of the equipment and materials of the hospital.”6) Interest in employment after graduation. Twenty-five (86.2%) indicated“going abroad”while fifteen (51.7％) indicated “education of nursing, ”which were the highest responses. Thirteen (44.8%) chose“Community Health Nursing (Health Center, Industrial Health).”7) Interest an employment during clinical nursing. Sixteen (55.2%) was interested in an operating room or the department of anesthesia, while fifteen (51.7%) was indicated “psychiatry, ”Eight (21.6%) chose a intensive care unit or a emergency room.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2012

Five strains out of 200 candidate strains (SG 1-9, 1-12, SG 2-8, 2-10, and 2-17) were selected to determine their antifungal activity against Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae. The 16S rDNA sequences of the five strains were determined by sequencing analysis and analyzed by the homology of the blast program at NCBI. The homology search showed that SG 1-9 and 1-12 had a 98% homology with Streptomyces cinnamoneus and 98% homology with Burkholderia cepacia, while SG 2-8, 2-10, and 2-17 had a 99% homology with Streptomyces fradiae, a 97% homology with Staphylococcus epidermidis, and a 99% homology with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Out of the five selected strains, organic extract and protein extracts of SG2-17 strain broth were employed to determine antifungal activity against Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae. The organic extract exhibited antifungal activity, but the protein extracts did not demonstrate such an activity. Three organic solvents, butanol, benzene, and ethyl acetate, were also used for determination of antifungal activities. The activity measurements revealed that benzene extract possessed the greatest inhibitory effect on the growth of Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, with the next highest being butanol extract, and ethyl acetate extract being the lowest.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2003

Survey on plant diseases occurring on cucumber cultivated in plastic film house of experimental farm in Suwon was conducted. Through the survey, occurrence of damping-off, downey mildew, powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt was observed. Especially downey mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis was the most severe foliar disease of cucumber. To control the disease effectively, effects of installation of ventilation fan and optimal spray timing of a chemical, dimethomorph+copper oxychloride WP, were investigated. Two ventilation fans installed at the front and at the back of plastic film house reduced air relative humidity by about 6.4% and downey mildew incidence by 55.7%. Downey mildew incidence on cucumber from untreated chemicals plot in plastic film house installed with ventilation fan was on a equal level with that from treated chemicals plot with three times application of dimethomorph+copper oxychloride WP in plastic film house without ventilation fan. Meanwhile in order to select optimal chemical application time, dimethomorth+copper oxychloride WP was treated three times at 7 days-interval from three days before the disease occurred, right after the disease occurred, and two days after the disease occurred, respectively. The result showed that dimethomorth+copper oxychloride WP applied to cucumber leaves and stems from three days prior to, right after, two days after occurrence of downey mildew reduced downey mildew incidence by 72.9, 61.8, and 23.7%, respectively. The above results showed that regulation of environmental factors like air relative humidity and preventive application of chemicals should be considered to establish control strategy to downey mildew.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Various diseases occur in fruits, leave and roots during strawberry cultivation and cause severe economical damage and huge amount of chemical fungicide use. Recently, as consumers' interest in safety of foods and organic agriculture produces have increased, control measures using alternatives for chemical fungicides have been newly developed in various ways. This study was conducted to test antifungal activity and control effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), using as disinfectants, against major disease pathogens of strawberry, Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Anthracnose) and Phytophthora sp. (Phytophthora blight), and Xanthomonas fragariae (bacterial angular leaf spot) and evaluate availability as environment-friendly materials. When NaDCC was treated at the concentration range of 150 to 300 ppm, it suppressed significantly hyphal growth and reduced spore germination by more than 28%. In field condition, NaDCC showed excellent control effect (control value: 50%) against the bacterial angular leaf spot disease. Based on above-described results, we suggested that NaDCC can be used as alternative candidates to chemical pesticide alternatives of for controlling strawberry diseases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.221-232
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• 2018

Rhizobacteria play important roles in plant growth and health enhancement and render them resistant to not only biotic stresses but also abiotic stresses, such as low/high temperature, drought, and salinity. This study aimed to select plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with the capability to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress effects on tomato plants. We isolated a novel PGPR strain, Variovorax sp. PMC12 from tomato rhizosphere. An in vitro assay indicated that strain PMC12 produced ammonia, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, which are well-known traits of PGPR. The aboveground fresh weight was significantly higher in tomato plants treated with strain PMC12 than in non-treated tomato plants under various abiotic stress conditions including salinity, low temperature, and drought. Furthermore, strain PMC12 also enhanced the resistance to bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Taken together, these results indicated that strain PMC12 is a promising biocontrol agent and a biostimulant to reduce the susceptibility of plants to both abiotic and biotic stresses.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.855-868
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• 2014

Synthetic agro-chemicals have been widely used to control diseases on paprika but these days negative attention has been increasing to use of them because of several adverse effects. This research was conducted to isolate and to characterize the antagonistic microorganism to control major paprika diseases, gray mold rot, fruit and stem rot, phytophthora blight, sclerotium rot, and wilt disease. Analysis of the fatty acid and analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence revealed that YKJ1 isolated in this research belongs to a group of Serratia marcescens. Specially, 16S rDNA gene sequence of YKJ1 showed 99% of sequence similarity with S. marcescens. Observation through the optical microscope revealed that YKJ1 suppressed the spore germination and the hyphal growth of pathogens. YKJ1 treatment on pathogens induced marked morphological changes like hyphal swelling and degradation of cell wall. In the case of phytophthora blight, the zoosporangium formation was restrained. S. marcescens found in this study call as S. marcescens-YKJ1 and it may be valuable as one of biological control agents against major diseases of paprika in the future even though it is require to be tested with more study on field test.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.515-518
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• 2010

'Gangha' is new strawberry ($Fragaria{\times}ananassa$ Duch.) cultivar, which was released by National Institute of Highland Agriculture, RDA, in 2008. In 2004, this cultivar was originated from a cross between 'Samahberi' and 'Elan' and showed excellent ever-bearing characteristics including continuous flowering habit, high yield under long-day and high temperature condition. It was named 'Saebong No.2' after examining its characteristic and productivity in summer culture from 2006 to 2007. Again, after two regional adaptability tests in 2008, 'Gangha' was selected as an elite cultivar. The general characteristics of 'Gangha' include semi-spreading type, middle vigor, elliptic leaf, and long cluster in growth. The fruit shape is oval and fruit color is red. Fruit quality had 1ow activity, hardness but high soluble solids contents. This average fruit weight of 'Gangha' is about 12.0 g and the marketable yield is relatively high because of more flower cluster appearance. It is resistant against powdery mildew, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt. 'Gangha' is suitable for summer culture using domestic consumption because it is shows continuous flowering habit, high yield, and fruit quality under long-day and high temperature condition.