• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.76-79
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• 2014

In our ongoing search for structurally interesting and biologically active metabolites from Korean wild mushrooms, bioassay-guided fractionation and a chemical investigation of the MeOH extracts of the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Naematoloma fasciculare resulted in the isolation of three ergosterol derivatives, (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-$3{\beta}$,$5{\alpha}$,$6{\beta}$,$9{\alpha}$-tetrol (1), (22E,24R)-$5{\alpha}$,$8{\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene-$3{\beta}$-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (2), and (22E,24R)-$5{\alpha}$,$8{\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,9,22-triene-$3{\beta}$-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (3). The structures of 1 - 3 were determined by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with reported values. The isolated steroid derivatives 1 and 3 were reported for the first time from this mushroom. Compounds 1 - 3 were tested for their cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15).

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2008

Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Polyporaceae), belonging to basidiomycota, is one of the most famous medicinal mushrooms. This study was carried out to investigate favorable mycelial growth conditions, such as pH, temperature, growth media, carbon sources and nitrogen sources of Korean strains in G. lucidum. The most suitable temperature for the mycelial growth was obtained at $30^{\circ}C$. In general, optimal temperature range for the mycelial growth was found at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. This Mushroom has a broad pH range ($5{\sim}9$) for its mycelial growth and mostly favorable growth was found at pH 5. Generally, Hamada, Glucose peptone, YM, Mushroom complete and Lilly media were the most suitable for the mycelial growth of G. lucidum. Among 10 different carbon sources, dextrin, galactose and fructose were best but the rest of other carbon sources also facilitated the growth of mycelia. The most suitable nitrogen sources were ammonium acetate, glycine, arginine and calcium nitrate, but to a certain extent, all of the supplemented nitrogen sources also stimulated the mycelial growth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1994

In order to investigate the fungal Flora in Mt. Chilgap, which located in the middle west of Korea. Authors had collected wild mushrooms, during the mushroom-growing season, June, July and October, 1991. Six species new to the Korean flora are identified as follows: Callistosporium luteoolivaceum (Berk. & Curt.) Sing; Volvariella subtaylori Hongo; Psathyrella subatrata (Batsch) Gill.; Volvariella surrecta (Knapp) Sing.; Boletellus elatus Nagasawa; Xerocomus parvulus Hongo, and Callistosporium Sing. is also new genus to the Korea. All the collections cited are deposited in ASIK herbarium.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2023

To investigate the effect of thinning intensity on environmental factors and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in forest ecosystems, we studied canopy closure, throughfall, soil temperature, soil moisture, light response of understory vegetation, and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in a 10-year-old pine forest after 34%, 45%, and 60% thinning. Canopy closure was significantly higher in the 34% treatment and control plots, ranging from 80-85% in April. However, in November, all thinning treatment plots showed a decrease of approximately 5-10% compared with the control plot. The 60% treatment plot had over 200 mm of additional throughfall compared with the control plot, and monthly throughfall was significantly higher by more than 100 mm in October. The soil temperature in each treatment plot increased significantly by up to 1℃ or more compared with the control plot as the thinning rate increased. The soil moisture increased by more than 5% in the thinning treatment plots during rainfall, particularly in the 34% treatment plot, where the rate of moisture decrease was slower. The photosynthetic rate of major tree species (excluding Pinus densiflora)was highest in Quercus mongolica, with a rate of 7 µmolCO₂·m^-2·s^-1. At a lightintensity of 800 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, Q. mongolica showed the highest photosynthetic level of 6 ± 0.3 μmolCO₂·m^-2·s^-1 in the 45% treatment. The photosynthetic rate of Fraxinus sieboldiana and Styrax japonicus increased as the thinning intensity increased. The Shannon-Wiener index of mycorrhizal mushrooms did not significantly differ among treatments, but the fresh weight of mushrooms was approximately 360-840 g higher in the 34% and 45% treatments than in the control. Additionally, the fresh weight of fungi in the 60% treatment was 860 g less than that in the control. There were more individuals of Amanita citrina in the control than in the thinning treatment, while Suillus bovinus numbers increased by more than 10 times in the 34% thinning treatment compared with the control.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.327-339
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• 2006

We have investigated the distribution of major local foods cultivated in Gwangju City and Jeollanam-Do in order to understand the food culture of Honam region. The local foods were divided into 4 classes: agricultural, aquatic, animal and other products. 124 species of local foods, including 51 agricultural products, 50 aquatic products, 6 animal products and 17 others, were identified from this region. In Jeollanam-Do area, the agricultural products have a variety of fruits and vegetables, and aquatic products have fishes. In particular, rice, cucumber, pear, anchovy, oyster, laver, oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom, and honey were determined as major local foods in Jeollanam-Do area. Note that Mudeungsan watermelon is cultivated in Gwangju, and sweet smelt and cat fish caught only in Sumjin river and Tamjin river area. In recent years, pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), paprika, kiwi and melon were determined as major local foods in Jeollanam-Do. Furthermore, branding strategy of agricultural and animal products can be said to improve. Wild types of aquatic productions, mushrooms and wild edible greens have been decreasing, whereas cultivated production increasing. The kinds of special local foods in Gwangju City and Jeollanamdo area were influenced by geographical, religious and social factors.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

The mycelial growth of P. coccineus strain was good in PDA and YMA, but mycelial growth was low in MEA. Light irradiation during the incubation period affected the pigment formation and density of mycelia. Mushroom of P. coccineus strain was able to produce fruiting bodies in both bottle and bag cultivation, and oak sawdust was found to be the most suitable substrate for spawn culture and cultivation. In artificial cultivation using sawdust medium, fruiting body was grown to the extent that visual observation was possible from the 15th day, and it formed about 5 days fast in the treatment group with low relative humidity. From 40 to 45 days of mushroom development, mature fruiting bodies could be harvested, and the lower relative humidity of the growing room favored mushroom development and growth. Antioxidant activity of fruiting bodies harvested from artificial cultivation showed that ABTS radical scavenging activity of bottle-cultivated and wild fruit bodies were shown at 505㎍/㎖ and 515㎍/㎖, respectively. However, fruiting bodies harvested in bag cultivation were high at 910㎍/㎖. As a result of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all extracts were found to be inactive, exhibiting IC₅₀ value of more than 2,000㎍/㎖ concentration. The ethyl acetate extract of mushrooms obtained from bottle cultivation showed the highest activity with 1,550㎍/㎖ IC₅₀ value. Methanol extract of wild fruit bodies had the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity at the same concentration (10mg/㎖).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.6
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• pp.264-268
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• 2013

A 73-year-old, previously healthy man presented with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth and febrile sensation 3 hours after eating boiled wild mushrooms. After admission, he showed progressive severe respiratory distress, pancytopenia, azotemia, hypotension, hypoxemia and consolidation of the entire left lung on chest radiography. With a preliminary diagnosis of necrotizing pneumonia, he underwent left pneumonectomy in order to remove all necrotic lung tissue. Lung histology showed extensive hemorrhagic necrosis, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, prominent proliferation of young fibroblasts and the formation of an early-stage hyaline membrane along the alveolar wall. Despite aggressive treatment, including mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy and administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and broad spectrum antibiotics, he died on hospitalization day 13. Subsequently, the mushroom was identified as Podostroma cornu-damae. This is the first case of a histological evidence of lung involvement by Podostroma cornu-damae poisoning in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.691-696
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• 2000

Syzygites megalocarpus occurred on the fruit bodies of Tricholoma matsutake, Leccinum rugosiceps, Pulveroboletus ravenelii, Russula emetica, and Amanita pseudoporphyria in the field. We could select Malt Extract Agar, Mueller Hinton Medium and Potato Dextrose Agar as optimal media among eight media. Syzygites megalocarpus showed an optimal temperature around $23^{\circ}C$ with optimal pH 6.0. Growth of S. megalocarpus on PDA was inhibited by 36.5% at 5% NaCl compared with without NaCl and did not grow at more than 8% NaCl in 2 days after inoculation. However, it grew 1.1 cm in 10% NaCl in 5 days after inoculation. Growth of Tricholoma matsutake on PDA was inhibited by increasing contration of NaCl and did not nearly grow at 2.5% NaCl in 60 days after inoculation. Because S. megalocarpus grew at high concentration of NaCl, we concluded that NaCl should not use for controlling S. megalocarpus on the fruit body of T. matsutake.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2020

Pleurotus djamor var. roseus is an edible mushroom isolated from the wild and cultivated on paddy straw substrates. The present study was carried out to compare the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of P. djamor var. roseus at different growth stages (primordia, basidiomata, and mycelia). The protein content was is in the range of 31.48 to 35.50 g/100g dw. The crude fiber content ranged from 8.0 to 14.60 g, and that of total carbohydrates ranged from 44.75 to 48.90 g. Sodium, magnesium, and calcium reached the maximum levels in basidiomata, and selenium was detected in basidiomata and mycelia (0.47 - 0.22 mg/Kg). The amino acid profile showed that all essential and nonessential amino acids and glycine showed maximum levels in basidiomata and 15.98 ± 0.01 g/100g. The fatty acid profile showed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; the unsaturated fatty acid content was maximum in all of the samples, ranging from 76 - 40.41%. The total phenol and flavonoid contents as well as the scavenging (DPPH), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activities in the context of methanol and water extracts from primordia, basidiomata, and mycelium were determined. Among them, basidiomata and mycelial methanol extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Overall, these findings show that P. djamor var. roseus can be used as a functional food for daily consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 1976

A group of 132 pre-school children with a mean age of six years and one month was the subjects of this investigation. These children were members of three nursery schools locating in Kwang-ju city. Each child's mother replied to a questionaire which included 42 food items and 4 questions. The results showed that the food preference of each child was variable and the group as a whole expressed more positive than negative feelings. The average number of foods liked per child was 22.9(range: $7{\sim}42$) among 42 food items. Peach, Apple, Strawberry, Laver, Egg, Tomato, Sweet Potato, Tangerine Orange and Beef were ranked in descending order of 'like' ratings. The average number of foods refused was 4.9 (range: $0{\sim}25$). Onion, Liver, Red Pepper Leaf, Root of Bellflower, Taro, Wild Seasame Leaf, Egg Plant, Cabbage, Water Cress and Bracken were ranked in descending order of 'refuse' ratings. The odor of hurting feelings, the hot taste and the flabby texture were the reasons why the children refused these foods. The average number of foods unexperienced was 4.4 (range: $0{\sim}14$). Kidney, Dried Small Whitebail, Tangle (DA SHI MA), Liver, SA RI Mushroom, Acorn Mook, Dried Fragrant Mushroom, Pine Agaric, Root of Bellflower and Ped Pepper Leaf were ranked in descending order of 'unexperience' ratings. Children's 'like' rating toward total foods was 57.3% and the 'refuse' rating was 11.7%. Among eight food groups, fruits showed the highest favority (91.4%) and mushroom showed the least (25.9%). The difference between male and female in the preference of total foods did not showed significant level. But the difference were significant in those of individual food groups; other vegetables, green and yellow leafy vegetables, mushrooms(above, p.<01), fishes and shellfish and sea weeds (above, p<.05). Children who had experienced meals missed rated 59.1% and 34.1% of these children missed meals once a week. The main reason for maels missed was due to the heavey snacks before meal time. Children who had snacks twice a day rated 45.6%. Main foods used as their snacks were starch foods (Cake, Biscuit, Sweet Potato) and citrous foods (Fruits, Apple, Tangerine).