Journal of Mushroom (한국버섯학회지)

The Korean Society of Mushroom Science (한국버섯학회)
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Effect of thinning ratio on the forest environment and fruiting of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in a Pinus densiflora stand

소나무림에서 간벌률이 산림 내 환경과 외생균근성 버섯 발생에 미치는 영향

  • Yong-Woo Park (Chungcheongbukdo Forest Environment Research Center) ;
  • Jin-Gun Kim (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Hwayong Lee (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2023.03.10
  • Accepted : 2023.03.20
  • Published : 2023.03.31
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Abstract

To investigate the effect of thinning intensity on environmental factors and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in forest ecosystems, we studied canopy closure, throughfall, soil temperature, soil moisture, light response of understory vegetation, and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in a 10-year-old pine forest after 34%, 45%, and 60% thinning. Canopy closure was significantly higher in the 34% treatment and control plots, ranging from 80-85% in April. However, in November, all thinning treatment plots showed a decrease of approximately 5-10% compared with the control plot. The 60% treatment plot had over 200 mm of additional throughfall compared with the control plot, and monthly throughfall was significantly higher by more than 100 mm in October. The soil temperature in each treatment plot increased significantly by up to 1℃ or more compared with the control plot as the thinning rate increased. The soil moisture increased by more than 5% in the thinning treatment plots during rainfall, particularly in the 34% treatment plot, where the rate of moisture decrease was slower. The photosynthetic rate of major tree species (excluding Pinus densiflora)was highest in Quercus mongolica, with a rate of 7 µmolCO2·m-2·s-1. At a lightintensity of 800 μmol·m-2·s-1, Q. mongolica showed the highest photosynthetic level of 6 ± 0.3 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1 in the 45% treatment. The photosynthetic rate of Fraxinus sieboldiana and Styrax japonicus increased as the thinning intensity increased. The Shannon-Wiener index of mycorrhizal mushrooms did not significantly differ among treatments, but the fresh weight of mushrooms was approximately 360-840 g higher in the 34% and 45% treatments than in the control. Additionally, the fresh weight of fungi in the 60% treatment was 860 g less than that in the control. There were more individuals of Amanita citrina in the control than in the thinning treatment, while Suillus bovinus numbers increased by more than 10 times in the 34% thinning treatment compared with the control.

간벌률이 산림 내에서 환경 요인과 외생균근성 버섯 발생에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 34%, 45%, 60%의 간벌 처리 후 10년이 지난 소나무림에서 수관 울폐율, 수관 통과우량, 토양 온도, 토양 수분량, 하층 식생의 광반응과 외생균근성 버섯 발생 특징을 조사하였다. 수관 울폐율은 4월에 34% 처리구와 대조구가 80~85%로 유의적으로 높았고 11월에는 모든 간벌 처리구들이 대조구에 비하여 5~10%가량 낮아졌다. 60% 처리구의 수관통과우량은 대조구에 비하여 총 200 mm이상 많았으며 월별 수관통과 우량은 10월에 100 mm 이상 큰 차이가 나타났다. 각 처리구의 토양 온도는 60% 처리가 45% 처리에 비하여 0.3~0.5℃ 정도 높아 큰 차이는 없었으나 대조구와는 1℃이상 유의적으로 높아졌다. 간벌 처리구에서 강우 시 토양 수분량이 5% 이상 더 증가하며 34% 처리구에서는 수분 감소 속도도 느려졌다. 소나무를 제외한 주요 수종의 광합성량은 신갈나무가 7 µmolCO2·m-2·s-1로 가장 많았다. 800 µmol·m-2·s-1의 동일한 광도에서 신갈나무는 45% 처리구에서 6±0.3 µmolCO2·m-2·s-1로 가장 높은 광합성 수준을 보여주었으며 때죽나무와 쇠물푸레는 간벌률이 높을수록 광합성량이 증가하였다. 균근성 버섯의 SWI에서 종수는 각 처리구간에는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 버섯의 발생량은 34%와 45% 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 약 360~840 g 더 많이 발생하였고 60% 처리구에서는 대조구에 비하여 860 g 더 적은 양이 발생하였다. 특정 종에 따라 애광대버섯은 대조구가 간벌 처리구에 비하여 더 많은 개체수가 발생하였으나 황소비단그물버섯은 34% 간벌 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 10배 이상 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 소나무림에서 간벌률에 따른 수관 울폐율의 감소는 산림 내에 광량과 수관통과우량을 증가시키며 토양 온도 상승 및 토양 수분량의 증가와 하층 식생의 광합성량을 증가시켜 특정 버섯의 발생량 변화에 영향을 주는 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 산림생태계의 복잡성을 고려할 때 간벌과 버섯 발생에 대한 정확한 상관관계를 알기 위해서는 장기간의 연구가 지속되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 산림청(한국임업진흥원) 산림과학기술 연구개발사업'(FTIS 2014068E10-1819-AA03)'의 지원에 의하여 이루어진 것입니다.

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