• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2010

인삼과 팽화홍삼은 인삼의 가공방법에 따라 구분되어지며, 가공처리과정중 인삼의 효능을 나타내는 사포닌 함량의 변화가 생긴다. 본 연구에서는 인삼과 팽화홍삼을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포인 RAW 264.7세포에서 LPS에 의한 염증에 대한 항염 효과와 그 기전을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 인삼과 팽화홍삼 모두 LPS에 의한 NO의 생성을 억제시키는 것을 확인하였으며, TNF-$\alpha$ 및 INF-$\gamma$의 생성 또한 억제시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 인삼과 팽화홍삼 모두 COX-2의 발현 및 LPS에 의한 $I{\kappa}B$의 인산화를 억제시킴으로써 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성을 억제시키는 것임을 알 수 있었으나 인삼에 비하여 팽화홍삼의 항염 효과가 더욱 높았다. 그러므로 팽화홍삼이 인삼에 비하여 NO의 생성을 더 효과적으로 억제시키는 것은 팽화가공을 통하여 특정 진세노사이드($Rb_1,\;Rg_5+Rk_1$)의 증가에 의한 것으로 추정된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.219-226
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• 1996

한국인의 기호에 맞으며 약리적인 효능을 가지고 있는 인삼을 인삼 extract, 백삼분 및 미삼분 형태로 요구르트 제조시에 첨가하여 요구르트의 산생성도, 유산균수, 제품의 점도, 관능검사 및 보존성 등을 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인삼 extract, 백삼분 및 미삼분을 첨가한 액상 요구르트의 시험제조 결과 산도에 있어서는 무첨가구의 0.76%에 비하여 첨가구 특히 미삼첨가구가 1.15%로서 가장 높았다. 2. 유산균수는 무첨가구의 $1.5{\times}10^8/m{\ell}$에 비하여 첨가구가 더 증식되었고 특히 미삼첨가구가 $4.3{\times}10^8/m{\ell}$로서 가장 높았다. 3. 제품의 점도에 있어서는 무첨가구에 비하여 인삼첨가구 특히 백삼첨가구가 높았다. 4. 액상요구르트의 관능검사 결과 무첨가구에 비하여 맛, 향취 및 전체적인 기호도에서 미삼이 가장 높았다. 5. 요구르트 제품의 $5^{\circ}C$, 10일간 보존시험에서 pH, 산도 및 유산균수는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.370-381
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• 2018

Background: To enhance the taste and physiological characteristics of Lycii fructus (Gugija) extracts, we investigated the changes in the physiological characteristics of Gugija extracts caused by adding white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG) Methods and Results: Gugija extracts, including 10G10, 10GW-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixtures made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with WG), as well as 10G10, 10GR-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixture made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with RG) were extracted with water at 10 times the respective mixture's volume. The antioxidant activities of Gugija extracts were investigated by assessing their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. As the amount of WG added increased, the DPPH, and, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP activity of the Gugija extract decreased. The half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value of 10G10, 10GW-G6 : 4, 10GR-G6 : 4, and 10GR-G0 for DPPH radical scavenging activity were $25.50{\pm}1.04$, $52.06{\pm}1.46$, $16.87{\pm}1.24$, and $9.50{\pm}0.16{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$, respectively. On the other hand, the physiological activity of Gugija extract increased with the addition of increasing amounts of RG. However, ACE inhibitory activity was the highest ($50.25{\pm}2.58%$) in the Gugija 10-fold extract without any added RG. Conclusions: From the above results, we suggest that adding RG to Gugija extracts increase their antioxidant, FRAP, and nitrite scavenging activities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2001

식물조직배양기술을 이용하여 사포닌 함량이 높은 인삼 root를 생산하고자, 인삼 root의 생장과 사포닌생산에 미치는 배지와 식물생장조절물질의 영향을 조사하였다. 인삼 root를 여러 종류의 배지에 배양하였을 때, 인삼 root의 생장과 사포닌 생산은 SH배지에서 가장 우수하였고, SH배지에 배양시, 접종후 약 10일후에 생체중량이 초기접종량의 2배가 되었다. 각 배지별로 배양한 인삼 root의 진세노사이드 패턴과 함량은 다소 차이가 있었는데, SH배지와 White배지에서 성장한 인삼 root의 총진세노사이드 함량이 가장 높았다. 생장조절물질에 있어서는 4.0mg/L NAA를 함유한 SH배지에서 성장한 인삼 root의 생장이 가장 우수하였고, 사포닌 함량은 0.5mg/L BAP 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 이러한 결과들은 인삼 root 배양에 의해 사포닌을 단기간에 생산할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 1991

The current size, characteristics. and channels of distribution of the offshore export (non North American) market for ginseng products are described. The apparent size of the worlds export market for ginseng products in 1987 is 3,363 tonnes. The major export markets for ginseng are Hong Kong (1,972.4 tonnes) and Japan (540.9 tonnes). The volume of ginseng imported into Hong Kong has doubled over the past five years from 976.3 tonnes in 1983 to 1,972.4 tonnes in 1987. This increase is reflective of an expanding Chinese market. In terms of products forms, the toast majority of ginseng imported into China is in root form, while Japan imports both red and white ginseng as well as ginseng beverages and medical products. Hong Kong is the destination of over 86f; of the volume of North American ginseng exported between 1983 and 1987. North American ginseng products are distributed by ginseng brokers or importers/exporters.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1977

인삼(人蔘) Saponin의 구성당류(構成糖類)를 동정하기 위하러 인삼(人蔘) 종류별(種類別), 연근별(年根別) 시료(試料)에 대하여 실험(實驗)하였으며 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 미삼(尾蔘), 백삼(白蔘), 삼년(三年) 및 육년근(六年根) 수삼(水蔘)의 전분함량(澱粉含量)은 각각(各各) 10.4, 31.5, 8.2, 25.6%였으며 전당(全糖)은 각각(各各) 37.0, 61.5, 64.5, 62.5% 였고 유리당(遊離糖)은 7.6, 10.5, 11.3, 10.7% 였다. 2. 미삼(尾蔘), 백삼(白蔘), 삼년(三年) 및 육년근(六年根) 수삼(水蔘)에서 얻은 Saponin을 TLC에 의하여 전개(展開)시킨 결과(結果) 거의 유의(類似)한 Pattern을 동정 하였다. 3. 미삼(尾蔘)에서 분리(分離)한 Saponin 산가수분해물(酸加水分解物)의 Paper Chromatography 결과(結果) glucose를 동정할 수 있었고 Pentose로 예상되는 unknown chromatogram을 얻을 수 있었으며 Saponin의 구성당(構成糖)은 0.7%였다. 4. 미삼전당(尾蔘全糖)획 구성비(構成比)는 전분(澱粉), 유리당(遊離糖), Saponin분자(分子) 구성당(構成糖), 기타가 각각(各各) 28.1 2.05, 1.9, 49.5%였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2024

To compare and analyze the improvement effects of white ginseng extract, red ginseng extract, and black ginseng extract on cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment caused by scopolamine in rats. In the cognitive behavioral test, the tendency of the SCOP+B group to overcome the escape time delay induced by scopolamine administration was observed, unlike the SCOP group. The frequency on plat form was significantly increased in the group treated with ginseng extracts compared to the SCOP group. As a result of measuring the duration time on goal quadrant, the time spent in the quadrant was significantly increased in the SCOP+B group compared to the SCOP group. In the hippocampus, the SCOP-treated group significantly decreased the activity of AChE compared to the normal group, but the ginseng extract-treated groups significantly increased it compared to the SCOP group. After sacrificing the rats after the behavioral test, the expression of PSD95 protein in the excised brain was significantly decreased in the SCOP group compared to normal, but it was observed that the SCOP+R and SCOP+B groups were significantly increased compared to the SCOP group. CREB1 protein expression was significantly increased in the SCOP+R group, and the expression of Cdk5 was significantly increased in the SCOP+B group. Ginseng extracts significantly restored the memory damaged by scopolamine suggesting that red ginseng increased the expression of CREB1 and PSD95 proteins, and black ginseng increased the protein expression of Cdk5 and PSD95 to induce memory recovery.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 1997

The Chinese ginseng roots were collected at twelve places of Jilin Province and two places of Liaoning Province in China and their appearances were compared with those of the Korean ginseng roots. The color of the most of the Chinese red ginseng was brown or dark brown and the color of many of the Chinese dried ginseng was pale yellow and the root-age of the most of the Chinese red ginseng as well as the Chinese dried ginseng was evaluated five or six year regardless of the collection places, so it cannot be easily concluded that the color and the root-age of the Chinese ginseng roots are different from those of the Korean ginseng roots. However the rhizomes and the lateral roots of the Chinese ginseng roots were poorly developed and many of them did not have either rhizome or lateral roots. Moreover the rhizomes of the Chinese red ginseng as well as the Chinese dried ginseng were much more easily removed than those of the Korean red ginseng and the Korean white ginseng. Therefore it is thought that the development status of the rhizome and the lateral roots of the Chinese ginseng roots are quite different from those of the Korean ginseng roots.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.37-40
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• 1982

한국산(韓國産) 홍삼(紅蔘), 한국(韓國), 미국(美國) 및 카나다산(産) 피부백삼(皮部白蔘)으로부터 tryptophan, proline, cystine을 제외한 15 종의 유리 아미노산을 고속액체(高速液體) 크로마토그래피로 검출해 낼 수 있었다. 이들 아미노산 중에서 arginine이 홍삼(紅蔘)에서는 총 유리 아미노산의 72.6%를, 피부백삼류(皮部白蔘類)에서는 $48.2{\sim}68.7%$나 차지하고 있었다. 한국산(韓國産) 홍삼(紅蔘)의 각 유리 아미노산 함량은 한국산(韓國産) 피부백삼(皮部白蔘)에 비하여 많이 감소되어 있는 경향이었고, 미국산(美國産) 및 카나다산(産) 피부백삼(皮部白蔘)의 경우 한국산(韓國産) 그것에 비하여 대체로 각 유리 아미노산 함량이 낮은 경향을 보여 주었다. 한국산(韓國産) 홍삼(紅蔘) 추출물(抽出物)에서는 tryptophan, proline, cystine 이외에도 methionine, phenylalanine등이 검출되지 않았다. 이들 추출물(抽出物)에서도 역시 arginine이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고 각 유리 아미노산 함량은 백삼추출물(白蔘抽出物)에서 더 많았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2013

Gamma-irradiation (0-7 kGy) of ginseng is permitted in Korea for the purpose of microbial decontamination; with strict labeling, traceability and monitoring requirements. An identification study was conducted to determine the photostimulated-luminescence (PSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of gamma-irradiated fresh and white ginsengs cultivated in different areas. Dose- dependent PSL-based screening was possible for white ginseng samples; however, inappropriate results from non-irradiated fresh ginseng samples were obtained, showing intermediate (700 to 5,000) or positive ($T_2$ >5,000, irradiated) PSL counts due to the abundance of minerals on the surfaces of the samples. TL analysis of separated minerals from all non-irradiated samples gave TL glow curves of low intensity with a maximum peak after $300^{\circ}C$. However, well-defined irradiation-specific (high intensity with a maximum peak at about $200^{\circ}C$) glow curves were observed for all the irradiated samples, regardless of their type and origins. TL ratios (first glow curve /second glow curve) were also determined to confirm the irradiated (>0.1) and non-irradiated (<0.1) results. SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectroscopic analyses showed that feldspar and quartz minerals were the main source for the typical radiation-specific luminescence properties.