• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kindergarten teachers operation and demand of dietary education in Jeonbuk province. The study was carried out using a self administered questionnaire and the subjects were 148 kindergarten teachers. The questions were general characteristics of the subjects, operating status as frequency, place, education time, and training demand on dietary education. The results are as follows. All subjects were female(100.0%), more than half were 20's(62.8%) in their age, teaching career was 31.8% in less than 3 years, and 68.2% in more than 3 years. Frequency of the dietary education operation was 3 times per week(53.4%), place of education were classroom(81.9%), and education time was lunch time(87.5%). Twenty three point eight percent of the subjects recognized the facilities for education was lack, 32.6% of them did the education materials was lack. The desirable frequency of dietary education was 1~2 times per week(40.4%). About two third of the subjects(73.6%) recognized the objects of the dietary education was not only preschool children but also their parents. Most of the subjects(83.8%) had willing to get training, the proper training program was 10 hours(87.8%), and they prefer semester weekday(64.9%) than semester weekend(30.5%). Proper ratio in the core value of dietary education as environment : health : thanks was 31.8% : 40.9% : 27.2%. It is concluded that the demand on dietary education of kindergarten teachers is necessary for their education program in kindergarten.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.337-341
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• 2005

It is difficult to use average sewage water quality as a design parameter for the individual sewage wastewater treatment plant(ISWTP), because sewage water quality is very various according to the building use type. So, in this study, we estimated daily, seasonal and weekly trend of sewage water quality and flow rate in various kind of building to comprehend operating state of ISWTP. The sewage water quality and flow rate were higher in the business building than household building. The seasonal difference of the water quality was not detected but that of flow rate was high. The flow rate of the sewage in the business building was higher in summer than in other seasons and in weekend than in weekday. The treatment efficiency of IWSTP was about $70{\sim}80%$ with BOD, $40{\sim}50%$ with TN and TP, which was very low. The unit loads of the individual house were 36.05 gpcd with BOD, 37.91 gpcd with SS, 23.91 gpcd with T-N, and 7.90 gpcd with T-P respectively, and those values were higher than other studies. It is because, as distinct from other studies, sewage water quality was monitored at the inlet point of the IWSTP in this study. We can use this results as an one of basic parameters for the design of IWSTP.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2016

This study analyses determinant factors of time allocation within married couple using 2014 Time-use survey. Findings show that husbands spend less time on child care and housework than wives do. When wives have high income and young kids, husbands' time spending on child care and housework increases. Wives' time allocation is associated with husbands' income- wives' working time is negatively associated, but wives' housework time is positively associated with husbands' income. However, both wives' and husbands' income is not related to child care time. When wives' income increases, while, husbands' time spent on housework and child care increases. There are complementary relations within time allocation, but substitute relationships between wives' and husbands' housework time. In other words, if a wife works long hours, husband spends more time on housework, but if a wife or a husband spends on housework, her husband or his wife does not spends on it. However, findings of married couple time allocation for weekend shows different patterns from weekday time use.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.68-79
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• 2010

Weather like rain, strong wind or snowfall may make the road condition deteriorated and sometimes induce traffic accidents, which lead to severe traffic congestion, thereby travelers may change their destinations elsewhere. Although origin-destination trip information is required to analyze transportation planning in urban area, there are little researches on the relationship between weather condition and travel patterns. This paper investigates the characteristics of travel patterns on expressway in snowing days of 1998-2008. We compare the normal travel patterns with those of snowing days by the travel distance for each vehicle type. Results show that traffic volume and travel distance have been reduced in snowing days as we expect, and also show different travel patterns for weekday and weekend.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Changes in the life style might vary trip purposes, ultimately leading to the change in the travel behavior. Therefore, this study analyzed the factors affecting travel time change by using the time use survey data in Seoul, surveyed by the Statistics Korea in 1999~2014. We developed multiple linear regression models for travel time, considering individual, household and time-related variables as independent variables. The models were separately estimated weekday and weekend. the model results show that the household, individual, and time related variables have an significant effect on the travel time. In addition, travel time is more influenced by individual characteristics thn household ones. Each activity time positively affects the travel time, indicating that travel is derived demand. The variable that have the greatest influence on the travel time is the activity time for leisure.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2008

In recent years, wireless networks have been widely deployed and the use of mobile devices has been popularized. As a result, mobile devices are increasingly considered as a resource of the Grid However, there are some problems such as unstable wireless communication and disconnection of mobile devices caused by movement in Mobile Grid Therefore, a scheduling method allocating jobs to the mobile devices should progressively deal with this problem The existing scheduling methods in Mobile Grid have mainly focused on the connection time of mobile devices. The connection time of mobile devices shows typically a regular pattern according to a user's living environments such as vacation/class in school, weekday/weekend in work, and so on. In this paper, we analyze statistics information for the utilization patterns of mobile devices and propose global and local scheduling methods for Mobile Grid, based on the analyzed utilization patterns.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.133-139
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• 2011

We built subway stops in order to meet demand. To do so, a standardized method is used to predict the demand. However, in some subway stops there are only few people moving around sparsely, but in some other stops there are too many people crammed in a crowd. The gap between forecasting and actual uses varies from 10% to more than 1,000%. This study is aimed to find out where this discrepancy between predicted vs. actual demand for urban rail transit comes from. Specifically, 40 subway stops in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which were opened last 10 years, are examined. This study suggests that, for better forecasting, we need to consider stops' locational characteristics as well as weekday commute-oriented exogenous factors. Locational characteristics includes; whether a stops is a terminal and/or weekend tourism node. There seems no "one size fits all" solution for transit demand forecasting; locational characteristics need to be reflected.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 1998

Given the dramatic increase in the percentage of married women working in clercial occupations and the inflexibility of work commitments for employees working in this domain, this paper investigates the division of household labor between married female clerical workers and their husbands, and their sources of external help. The total housework time of couples, the percent of total housework done by husbands, and a scale measuring the wife’s perception of the frequency with which her husband does specific household tasks are all used to measure the division of household labor between couples. Data for 143 couples were gathered from using structured questionares and the time dairies that included one weekday and one weekend day. The findings of this study are as follows; 1) The couples receive substantial support in housework from their mothers. 2) Wives spend an average of 23 hours and 26 minutes per week on household labor, whereas husbands spend an average 7 hours and 7 minutes per week. Husbands do an average of 20.9% of all housework done by the couples. Wives typically perceive that their husbands are not frequently participating in a variety of household tasks(mean = 2.88 on a 5-point Likert scale where 1=never and 5=always). 3) Multivariate analysis reveal that working hours is negatively related to while the presence of child under 6 years old is positively related to total housework. Time availability variables(e.g. working hours and the presence of child under 6 years old) and relative resource variables(e.g. the rate of wife’s income on that of husband) are related to the percent of total housework done by husbands. The sex-role attitude variables are related to the wife’s perceptions of the frequency with which her husband does specific household tasks.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 1988

To improve working environment for the toll workers who were working at Kyungbu expressway in outskirts of Seoul and Suwon, the status of air pollution surrounding toll booth were measured from March 28 through June 14, 1986. The results were as follows: 1. The amount of TSP (total suspended particle) surrounding toll booth was directly proportional to the traffic load. The ratio of traffic load at Seoul and Suwon toll was 3.2:1 and of TSP was 2.6:1. 2. The proportion of particle larger than 5$\mum$ was 24.8 $\sim$ 34.9% of TSP at Seoul toll and 19.2 $\sim$ 32.7% at Suwon. The proportion of particle less than 2$\mum$ was 38.7 $\sim$ 51.8% of TSP at Seoul toll and 34.8 $\sim$ 54.8% at Suwon. 3. The concentration of respirable particle les than 7$\mum$ measured by personal air sampler was higher in Seoul toll booth than that of Suwon and it seems to be influenced by the exhausion of diesel engine. Especially the concentration of respirable particle of reformed toll booth with air curtain was 20% lower than unreformed one. 4. Concentration of Pb among suspended particles around Seoul toll was 5 times higher than Pb of Suwon toll. So it is considered that there were other possible pollution source of Pb beyond heavy traffic in Seoul toll area. The amount of Pb inside toll booth was extremely small but the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene showed a trend of increase according to traffic stagnation. 5. The concentration of $SO_2$ arround toll showed no difference between weekday and weekend and also showed no relation with traffic load. But the concentration of $NO_2$ was affected by traffic load.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.361-371
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the daily steps, physical activities and activity coefficient of the elementary school children in the rural area. Body weight, height and daily steps were measured and one-day activity diaries were collected by interviewing children. The average age of the subjects was $9.96{\pm}1.02$ years. Average height, weight, obesity index, body fat and muscle of subjects were $136.2{\pm}8.9cm,\;35.2{\pm}8.5kg,\;99.6{\pm}18.8%,\;22.9{\pm}8.5%\;and\;35.8{\pm}6.0%$, respectively. The average daily steps of the subjects was 17,584 and daily steps (19,314) of 3rd grade students was significantly higher than that (15,712) of 5th grade children. But there was no significant difference in daily steps and activity coefficients between boys and girls. Daily steps (23,347) of exercise group showed the significantly higher than that (16,144) of non-exercise group. Gender and grade of subjects did not have significant influence on activity coefficients, but there was a significant difference in activity coefficient on weekdays between the exercise group ($1.82{\pm}0.30$) and non-exercise group ($1.50{\pm}0.21$). Analysis of variance revealed stronger associations between daily steps and body fat (%) than between daily steps and BMI. Daily steps showed significant negative correlation with body fat (%) measured using two methods r=-0.321 and r=-0.365, respectively. Activity coefficient was significantly correlated (r=0.436) with daily steps, thus increasing daily steps cm prevent and treat childhood obesity by increasing the energy expenditure. The higher activity coefficients (weekday 1.56, weekend 1.53) of the subjects was caused by the fact that rural students spent more time outside and enjoyed stronger activities than urban students. The results of this study can be used to estimate energy requirements for Korean children based on exercise levels and living areas.