Browse > Article

Assessment of Daily Steps, Physical Activity and Activity Coefficient of the Elementary School Children in the Rural Area  

Lee, Hyun-Mi (Department of Food Science, Kangnung National University)
Kim, Eun-Kyung (Department of Food Science, Kangnung National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition / v.12, no.3, 2007 , pp. 361-371 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the daily steps, physical activities and activity coefficient of the elementary school children in the rural area. Body weight, height and daily steps were measured and one-day activity diaries were collected by interviewing children. The average age of the subjects was $9.96{\pm}1.02$ years. Average height, weight, obesity index, body fat and muscle of subjects were $136.2{\pm}8.9cm,\;35.2{\pm}8.5kg,\;99.6{\pm}18.8%,\;22.9{\pm}8.5%\;and\;35.8{\pm}6.0%$, respectively. The average daily steps of the subjects was 17,584 and daily steps (19,314) of 3rd grade students was significantly higher than that (15,712) of 5th grade children. But there was no significant difference in daily steps and activity coefficients between boys and girls. Daily steps (23,347) of exercise group showed the significantly higher than that (16,144) of non-exercise group. Gender and grade of subjects did not have significant influence on activity coefficients, but there was a significant difference in activity coefficient on weekdays between the exercise group ($1.82{\pm}0.30$) and non-exercise group ($1.50{\pm}0.21$). Analysis of variance revealed stronger associations between daily steps and body fat (%) than between daily steps and BMI. Daily steps showed significant negative correlation with body fat (%) measured using two methods r=-0.321 and r=-0.365, respectively. Activity coefficient was significantly correlated (r=0.436) with daily steps, thus increasing daily steps cm prevent and treat childhood obesity by increasing the energy expenditure. The higher activity coefficients (weekday 1.56, weekend 1.53) of the subjects was caused by the fact that rural students spent more time outside and enjoyed stronger activities than urban students. The results of this study can be used to estimate energy requirements for Korean children based on exercise levels and living areas.
Keywords
pedometer count; activity coefficient; elementary school children;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Bae MY (2000): A Study on the Daily Physical Activity in Elementary School Students. A Master's Thesis, Inchon National University of Education
2 Choi HS, Song JM, Kim EK (2005): Assessment of Daily Steps, Activity Coefficient, Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure and Energy Expenditure in Female University Students. J Korean Diet Assoc 11(2): 159-169
3 Choi SY (2005): Effect of Daily Physical Activities on the Development of Elementary School Children's Physical Fitness. A Master's thesis. Seoul National University of Education
4 Eaton WO, Eons LR (1986): Sex Difference in Human Motor Activity Level. Psyc Bulletm, 100: 19-28   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Heyrnsfield SB, McManus CB, Smith J, Stevens V, Nixon DW (1982): Anthropometric Measurement of Muscle Mass, Revised Equations for Calculating Bone-free Arm Muscle Area. Am J Clin Nutr 36: 680-690   DOI
6 Kim SH, Lee JP, Oh JK (2005): Relationship between Steps per Day and Obesity index in Middle-school Girls. J Korean Physical Educ Assocfor Girls & Women 19(1): 67-75
7 Lee DW (1996): Assessment and Treatment of Childhood Obesity. J Korea J Pediatrics 39(8): 1055-1065
8 Lee YJ, Chang KJ (1999): A Comparative Study of Obese Children and Normal Children on Dietary Intake and Environmental Factors at an Elementary School in Inchon. Korean J Comm Nutr 4(4): 504-511
9 The Korean Nutrition Society (2005): Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans
10 보건복지부 (2006): 6월23일 비만심포지엄 보도자료
11 일본후생성(1985): 일본인 영양소요량5차자료
12 Lee MY, Kim SK, Chang KJ (2002): Dietary Behaviors, HealthRelated Lifestyle and Blood Lipid Profile of Obese Children in Incheon. Korean J Comm Nutr 7(6): 803-813
13 Lee JS (2002): Approach of Childhood Obesity Management. J Korean Soc for the Study of Obesity 11(1): 35-45
14 Kim MK, Kim MR, Bang KN, Kim KR, Choi By, Kwon YJ, Lee SS, Kim C, Kang YJ (1998): The Effect of Parental Socioeconomic Status on the Nutrient Intake of Urban and Rural Adolescents. Korean J comm Nutr 3(4): 542-555
15 Kang JS, Bae MY (2001): A Study on the Daily Physical Activity in Elementary School Students. Korean J Sport Pedagogy 8(1): 59-72
16 Lee JS, Lee GH, Kim EK (2006): Assessment of Daily Steps, Activity Coefficient and Daily Energy Expenditures of Dieticians in Youngdong-area. J Korean Diet Assoc 12(3): 277-288
17 통계청(2005): 2004년 사망원인 통계결과
18 Hatano Y (1993): Use of Pedometer for Promoting Daily Walking Exercise. ICHPER J 29. 4-8
19 김갑희(1991): 학교교과외의 신체활동에 관한 조사연구. 석사학위 논문, 조선대학교 대학원
20 Kim BS, Lee KA (2005): Comparisons of the Daily Activities and Energy Expenditures of Normally-Weighted and Obese Elementary School Children. J Korean Diet Assoc 28(10): 847-855
21 통계청(2005): 2004년 생활시간조사표
22 DuBois D, DuBois EF (1916): A Formula to Estimate the Approximate Surface Area if Height and Weight be known. Arch Int Med 17: 863-871
23 Lee GH (2006): Assessment of Physical Activities, Energy Expenditures and Validity of Predicted Resting Metabolic Rates in University Students. Kangnung National University
24 Lee SH, Kang YJ, Kang YS, Ha JY, Cho SM, Kim SH (1997): Body Mass Index, Relative Weight and Waist-hip Ratio of School Children and Adolescents in Seoul. J Korean Acad Fam Med 18: 306-316
25 Tudor-locke C, Pangrazi RP, Corbin CB, Rutherford WJ, Vincent SD, Raustorp A, Tomson LM, Cuddihy TF (2004): BMI-referenced Standards for Recommended Pedometer-determined Steps per Day in Children. Prev Med 38(6): 857-864   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Duncan JS, Schofield G, Duncan EK (2006): Pedometer-determined physical activity and body composition in New Zealand chileren. Med Sci Sports 38(8): 1402-9   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Duncan MJ, AI-Nakeeb Y, Woodfield L, Lyons M (2007): Pedometer Determined Physical Activity Levels in Primary School Children from Central England. Prev Med 44(5): 416-420 Epub   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Lee DH, Lee JK, Lee C, Hwang YY. Cha SH, Choi Y (1991): A Study on the Health Implications Associated with Obese Children. Korea J Pediatrics 34(4): 445-451
29 서정숙, 서광희, 이승교, 정현숙(1996): 기초영양학. 지구문화사
30 Bassett DR, JR& Strath SJ (2002): Use of Pedometer to Assess Physical Activity. In: Physical Activity Assessments HealthRelated Research, GJ. Welk (Ed). Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, pp. 163-177
31 Park MA, Moon HK, Lee KH, Sub SJ (1998): A Study on Related Risk Factors of Obesity for Primary School Children Difference between Normal and Obese group. Korean J Nutr 31(7): 1158-1164
32 보건복지부(2002): 한국성인의 영양권장량 설정 및 국민 식생활 프로그램 개발연구 보고서. pp. 50-54
33 Lee KH, Hwang KJ, Her ES (2001): A study on Body Image Recognition, Food Habits, Food Behaviors and Nutrient Intake According to the Obesity Index of Elementary Children in Changwon. Korean J Comm Nutr 6(4): 577-591
34 성낙원 (1992): 체력급수와 Sport 참여의 관계에 관한 연구. 석사학위논문, 한국교원대학교대학원
35 Kim EK, Kim EK, Song JM, Choi HJ, Lee GH (2006): Assessment of Activity Coefficient, Resting Energy Expenditure and Daily Energy Expenditure in Elementary School Children. J Korean Diet Assoc 12(1): 44-54
36 Park YS, Lee DH, Choi JM, Kang YJ, Kim CH (2004): Trend of Obesity in School Age Children in Seoul over the Past 23 Years. Korean J Pediatrics 47(3): 1-21
37 Kim EK, Choi YS, Cho UH, Chi KA (2001): Childhood Obesity of Elementary School Students in Kangnung and Seoul AreasEffects of Area and Parental Socio . Economic Status. Korean J Nutr 34(2): 198-212
38 Epstein LH, Wing RR, Valoski A (1985): Childhood Obesity. Pediatric Clinics of North America 32(2): 363-379   DOI
39 Swartz AM, Strath SJ, Bassett DR & JR (2003): Increasing Daily Walking Irrproves Glucose Tolerance in Overweight Women. Prev Med 37: 356-362   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Korean Food Research Institute (1995): A Study on Improvement of National Nutritinal Status
41 Kim SH (1994): A Study on the University Students' Living Time Pattens. Journal of Student Guidance, Kosin University 9: 24-52
42 Kim YN, Na HJ (2003): The Estimation of the Daily Energy Expenditure of Korean Adolescents. Korean J Comm Nutr 8(3): 270-279
43 Korean Pediatric Society (1999): Standard Growth Charts of Korean Children and Adolescent in 1998