• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.285-289
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• 2018

In this paper, we demonstrate electromagnetic wave focusing and rectification based on time reversal as a smart method for far-field wireless power transfer. Time reversal in a complex propagation environment allows for transmission of high peak power pulses by focusing the electromagnetic waves selectively regardless of the receiver position. We demonstrate wave focusing and radio frequency (RF) to direct current (DC) rectification via numerical simulation of a complex propagation environment. The results reveal that time reversal can ensure peak power up to 12 dB greater compared to a narrowband continuous wave signal, thereby enhancing the rectified DC voltage with better efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2009

Ultrasonic guided waves have been widely utilized for long range inspection of structures. Especially, development of array guided waves techniques and its application for long range gas pipe lines(length of from hundreds meters to few km) were getting increased. In this study, focusing algorithm for array guided waves was developed in order to improve long range inspectability and accuracy of the array guided waves techniques for long range inspection of gas pipes, and performance of the developed techniques was verified by experiments using the developed array guided wave system. As a result, S/N ratio of array guided wave signals obtained with the focusing algorithm was increased higher than that of signals without focusing algorithm.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2002

A focusing grating coupler (FGC) was not fabricated by the 'Continuous Path Control'writing strategy but by an electron-beam lithography system of more general exposure mode, which matches not only the address grid with the grating period but also an integer multiple of the address grid resolution (5 nm). To more simplify the fabrication, we are able to reduce a process step without large decrease of pattern quality by excluding a conducting material or layer such as metal (Al, Cr, Au), which are deposited on top or bottom of an e-beam resist to prevent charge build-up during e-beam exposure. A grating pitch period and an aperture feature size of the FGC designed and fabricated by e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching were ranged over 384.3 nm to 448.2 nm, and 0.5 $\times$ 0.5 mm$^2$area, respectively. This fabrication method presented will reduce processing time and improve the grating quality by means of a consideration of the address grid resolution, grating direction, pitch size and shapes when exposing. Here our investigations concentrate on the design and efficient fabrication results of the FGC for coupling from slab waveguide to a spot in free space.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.215-216
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• 1998

The ultrasonic imaging systems using synthetic aperture beamforming has been formed in the way that one element transmits and then receives a pulse. Because the amplitude of a pulse from one element is too small to propagate a long distance, the SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)is low. This paper proposes the method to make a circular wave almost equal to one generated by one element using several elements. The amplitude of the wave made up of several elements is much larger than that of one element. And we can improve the SNR.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2011

In this paper time series wave data are simulated by the Monte Calo method using random numbers to generate random phases of the wave signal. The simulated wave signasl are used to study the characteristics of freak waves. Various sea states are represented by combinations of the significant wave height $H_s$ defined in the spectrum method and the significant wave steepness $S_s$. For a fixed value of $S_s$, the probability of the occurrence of the freak wave is decreased as $H_s$ increases. For a fixed value of $H_s$ the probability of the occurrence of the freak wave increases as $S_s$ increases. The average value of the maximum wave height increase as $S_s$ increases, but the average height of freak wave remains the same and the value approaches two times of $H_s$. For the fixed value of $S_s$, average kurtosis of wave elevation increases as $H_s$ increases, but for a fixed $H_s$, the average kurtosis decreases as $S_s$ increases. The average of abnormality index(AI) is around 2.11 irregardless of $H_s$ and $S_s$. The maximum value of AI lies between 2.5 - 3.0. Therefore it is conjectured that AI maximum due to linear focusing is 3.0.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-25
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• 1997

In this paper we will show theoretically that a refractive index grating exhibits a retro-self-focusing effect and an accompanying pinholing effect under the Gaussian intensity distribution of an incident optical field. Those effects result from an effective wave number change of the medium due to the intense optical field.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2013

In this paper time series wave data, which were measured at the Draupner platform in the North Sea on 1995, are used to investigate statistical characteristics of nonlinear wave. Various statistical properties based on time and frequency domain are examined. The Gram-Chalier distribution fits the probability of wave elevation better than the Gaussian distribution. The skewness of wave profile is 0.393 and the kurtosis is 4.037 when the freak wave is occurred. The nonlinearity of D1520 data is higher than two adjacent wave data. AI index of the New Year Wave is 2.11 and the wave height is 25.6m. The zero crossing wave period of the New Year Wave is 12.5s which is compared to the average zero up-crossing period 11.3s. The significant steepness of wave data is 0.077 when the freak wave was occurred. H1/3/${\eta}_s$ does not increases as the kurtosis increases and the values is close to 4. The New Year Wave belongs to highly nonlinear wave data packet but the AI index is within linear focusing range.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.350-362
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to develop a scanning technique that helps patients reduce their anxiety and relax their physical tension in the MRI system. The study targeted 10 healthy persons with no medical history of anxiety disorder in the past and with no current clinically diagnosed anxiety disorder, as well as 10 patients who were currently experiencing an anxiety disorder during the MRI scanning. The focusing board assembly was self-manufactured to conduct a clinical experiment via MRI scans. As a method to confirm the efficacy of the experiment, the bio meter was used to measure brainwaves from the study targets that were divided into the normal person group (A), who felt no anxiety in the MRI system and the experimental group, (B) who did experience anxiety in the MRI system. The two groups were compared between the cases in which the focusing board assembly was used and not used after measurements were conducted using the model MRI system and the bio meter. According to the comparison and analysis results, low measurements of the ${\alpha}$ wave indicate highly effective relaxation of tension. In the normal person group, the ${\alpha}$ wave measurement showed almost no difference between cases in which the focusing board assembly was used and cases in which it was not used. In the experimental group, the $\acute{a}$ wave measurements were lower in cases in which the focusing board assembly was used than in cases in which the focusing board assembly was not used; this was indicative of a profound relaxation effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to image the harmonic wave generated by contact acoustic nonlinearity in obliquely incident ultrasonic wave for early detection of closed cracks. A closed crack has been simulated by contacting two aluminum block specimens producing solid-solid contact interfaces and then acoustic nonlinearity has been imaged with contact pressure. Sampling phased array(SPA) and synthetic aperture focusing technique(SAFT) are used for imaging techniques. The amplitude of the fundamental frequency decreased with appling pressure. But, the amplitude of second harmonic increased with pressure and was a maximum amplitude at the simulation point of closed crack. Then, the amplitude of second harmonic decreased. As a result, harmonic imaging of contact acoustic nonlinearity is possible and it is expected to be apply for early detection of initial cracks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Pipes, commonly used in energy and petrochemical facilities, have various types of defects induced by diverse factors and this is often issued in NDE society. Ultrasonic guided wave inspection method are normally adopted to insure the healthiness of industry pipes. Recently, ultrasonic guided wave inspection is shifted to adopt arrayed probes and system. And here we developed an array guided wave ultrasonic testing system can adapt arrayed probes and focusing methods. In this paper, an array guided wave ultrasonic testing system is presented including a transmitting focusing technique and flaw signal level enhancement.