• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2002

AMX is one of extremely high mutagenic compound produced from the reaction of the chlorine and the organic compound during the disinfection of tap water. In this paper, the chemical derivatization of MX with 2% sulfuric acid-methanol, iso-propanol, sec-butanol and n-butanol derivatives for the GC/MS analysis were tested or compared. Limit of detection for the EI and NCI mode were 25 pg and 1.25 pg, respectively. The good linear calibration curve was obtained the range of 25~2500 pg by EI and NCI

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.44-47
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• 2002

The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on masculine copulatory behaviour were studied in the middle aged male Sprague-Dawley rats, 9 months old and retired breeders after dosing them with 500 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days prior to test. The test lasted for 30 minutes after a 20 minute adaptation period, was carried out on the 11th day during the dark phase of the light-dark cycle (2000-0700 hours) and in subdued light, using a modified copulation cage but with the presence of a piece of mirror of appropriate size to facilitate observation. Results showed that the mean values of EL-1, EL-2 and EL-3 of the control middle aged male rats were 103.20 sec, 91.21 sec and 80.00 sec but were significantly (p<0.05) increased to 118.40-120.20 sec, 101.24-171.28 sec and 100.42-110.21 sec respectively in the methanol-chloroform, methanol-butanol-water and methanol-butanol treated middle aged male rats. However, further results also showed that PEI-1 and PEI-2 of the control middle aged male rats were 182.30 sec and 257.2 sec but were significantly (p<0.05) decreased to 100.42-121.31 sec and 40.21-132.31 sec respectively in the methanol-chloroform-butanol-water and methanol-butanol treated middle aged male rats. In conclusion, this study showed that although E. longifolia Jack continued to enhance the sexual activity of the middle aged male rats by extending the duration of coitus and decreasing the refractory period between the different series of copulation, but to a smaller degree as compared to sexually active, adult male rats (Ang and Sim, 1997).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Some physical properties and chemical compositions of Lycii Cortex depending on the various extracting conditions were investigated for their changes during extraction with ethanol and water. Solid matter and contents of total sugar in water extracts were higher than those of ethanol extract. but contents of tannic acid in ethanol extracts was higher than that in water extracts. The methanol extract of the Lycii Cortex were fractionated with ethyl ether. ethyl acetate. n-butanol and water. The yield was higher in the order of water > n - butanol > ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fraction. Turbidity of water extraction was higher than that of ethanol extraction.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2015

To determine the pervaporation separation characteristics of 1-butanol/water mixtures, PEI/PDMS hollow fiber membrane module commercialized by Airrane Co. was subjected to both lab and pilot tests. The 1% 1-butanol of 1-butanol/water feed mixture was used. The flux of $133g/m^2hr$ and separation factor of 23.4 at $30^{\circ}C$ were obtained whereas the $505g/m^2hr$ and 5.1 were measured at $50^{\circ}C$. When compared with the performance of the hollow fiber PDMS membrane by Nagasep Co., the higher flux of $10{\sim}20g/m^2hr$ was obtained by the module of Airrane Co. In order to realized the durability of Airrane Co. module, the long-term test of 35 days has been conducted and as a result, the flux $510{\sim}520g/m^2hr$ and separation factor 20~25 were maintained with the initial values.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2017

The object of this study was to measure the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of seed from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE). GJE seeds were performed the extraction of them by chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), 70% ethanol and n-butanol. Sequentially, total phenol content, nitrogen oxide scavenging activity, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of the extracts were investigated. Solvent extract bioactivity of increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/mL) were significantly increased (p<0.05). GJE seed extracts showed lower activity than positive control (ascorbic acid, BHA, trolox). The highest concentration of CM extracts was obtained in the same manner as the results of analysis of the total phenol contents of the GJE seed, and 70% ethanol extract showed the highest activity of reducing power. The water soluble carotenoids crocin and flavonoid were effective. As a result of this experiment. the seeds of GJE showed excellent antioxidant, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory properties.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

Several extracts of different parts and solvent fractions of Cornus kousa were obtained and their functional material contents, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition effects were determined. Content of total polyphenols and flavonoids contents in flower were 169.638 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and 25.418 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively, which were much higher than those of other parts. Also, flower extracts showed the strongest effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging and ferrous ion chelating. In flower, leaf, and stem extracts, inhibition effects on peroxidation of linoleic acid determined by ferric thiocyanate(FTC) method were higher than a synthetic antioxidant, BHT. Tyrosinase inhibition activities were shown only in flower extract. Flower and leaf extracts, showing high biological activities in various system, were successively reextracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Total polyphenol contents of water fractions were higher than any other solvent fractions in both flower and leaf, 67.006 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and 67.739 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively. But total flavonoid contents were higher in ethyl acetate fraction for flower extract and butanol fraction for leaf extract. Among the solvent fractions, the highest efficiency of free radical scavenging activities was obtained in ethyl acetate fraction for flower extract and n-butanol fraction for leaf extract. Tyrosinase inhibition activities were higher in water fraction for both flower and leaf extracts, 49.24% and 31.8%, respectively.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.487-498
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• 2017

In this study, pervaporation performances of water/methanol and water/butanol mixture were evaluated using zeolite 4A membranes manufacutred by FINETECH by experimental works and numerical modeling. Permeation and separation characteristics, such as flux and separation factor, were analyzed by gas chromatography (TCD) and liquid nitrogen traps. Experiments have shown that water is selectively separated from a mixture of water and methanol (separation factor up to approximately 250) and water and butanol (separation factor up to approximately 1,500). Generalized Maxwell Stefan (GMS) theory was implemented to predict pervaporation behaviors of water/alcohol mixtures and diffusional coefficients of zeolite layer were obtained through parameter estimation using $MATLAB^{(R)}$ optimization toolbox. Since the pore size of zeolite 4A are much larger than kinetic diameter of water molecules and smaller than those of methanol and butanol, zeolite 4A membranes can be applied to in situ water removal process such as membrane reactors or hybrid reaction-dehydration process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

Fresh pine needles were collected and extracted with 95% methanol and the extract was concentrated to determine its antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract had a considerable inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria, such as Esherichia coli 0157;H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract of pine needles was further fractionated to chloroform, ethylacetate, butanal, and water fractions. Among these four fractions, the butanol and water fractions, which showed a relatively strong inhibitory effect on all of the tested bacteria, were purified and the minimum ingibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for each microorganism. The MIC raged between 25 mg/ml and 45 mg/ml depending on the microorganism. the purified active fractions were applied to sterilized milk as a model food system to define the antimicrobial effectiveness and it was found that the antimicrobial activities in the water fractions were stronger than those in the butanol fractions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5468-5475
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• 2015

This present work was aimed to analyse characteristics of fermentation and aging of Korean traditional cheongju prepared by adding of different brewing water. The three different mashes were used for fermentation and maturation. The cheongju(A) was prepared without adding of brewing water in two stage mashing. Cheongju(B) and cheongju(C) were made with adding of 1 liter and 2 liter brewing water in two stage mashing respectively whereas the cheongju(B) and cheongju(C) showed higher fermentation ability than that of cheongju(A) regarding to pH, ethanol, specific gravity and sugar concentration(brix). In terms of volatile compounds content after six months aging, cheongju(A and B) prepared by adding brewing water showed the higher content of ethyl acetate than that of cheong(C) and the concentrations were maintained during the aging period. In addition, the content of fusel oil(n-propanol, i-butanol, n-butanol, i-bmyl alcohol, n-bmyl alcohol)indicated similar pattern as ethyl acetate. The organic acid of cheongju B(4873.46 mg/l) and C(4963.12 mg/l) also indicated the higher content than that of cheongju A(4661.47 mg/l). In conclusion, cheongju B and C prepared by adding brewing water in two stage mashing showed better quality and taste than that of cheongju A.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2005

Esterification of lactic acid with alcohols catalyzed by Amberlyst-type ion exchange resins and sulfuric acid was carried out in a batch reactor with total /or partial recycle of distilled condensates, respectively. The esterification of lactic acid in the total-recycling reactor (n-butanol/lactic acid = 4, $100^{\circ}C$) was promoted by decreasing the residual water and increasing the mole ratio of n-butanol/lactic acid. Also, it was confirmed that methanol with simple structure and tert-butanol with superior substitution reactivity were more effective in increasing the conversion of esterification reaction, compared to ethanol, n-butanol, and iso-butanol. In a partial-recycling reactor (n-butanol/ammonium lactate = 4, $115^{\circ}C$), the conversion of ammonium lactate into butyl lactate with 1.0 wt% Amberyst-type resins was higher in comparison to that with 0.2 mol $H_2SO_4$ (per 1.0 mol ammonium lactate). The esterification was gradually occurred during the initial stage of reaction in the presence of solid catalyst, whereas the initial addition of $H_2SO_4$ did not affect the initial rate of esterification reaction because of ammonium sulfate formation by the neutralizing reaction of ammonium lactate with sulfuric acid.