• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

This research case-study places are chosen Seoul Metropolitan City and Yong-In City where the distinction characteristics of outdoor spaces are introduced in Apartment Complex. In this study, the standard of waterscape facilities will be set through preliminary researches and detail design factors are prepared for each characteristics. Analyze and research the characteristics of design factors through the field research of places. The Group data from Cluster Analysis, which is about waterscape facilities, is analyzed and classified by types of waterscape facilities in common residence. and then each type of characteristics and representatives of waterscape facilities founded. Waterscape facilities are charactered in 4 main types. I Type is appeared to the natural artificially mountain stream, slope and a rest space type, and feelings type. This type has twenty sites. II Type is appeared to the fewest sites(11 sites). This type is appeared to the Eco-pond, Border planting next to the waterscape facilities. III Type is appeared to the largest sites(28 sites), that is, play style water facilities of no-plantation patterns. IV Type is appeared to the retaining wall type, the rest space of bench type. Research result led, detailed plan element 64 are selected with design elements Seoul Metropolitan City and the Yong-In City at the time of the fact that well is only reflected commonly from external spaces, the type by quality which leads a statistical analysis the type quality was well reflected relatively was judged.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.191-200
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to improve the recycling rate of coal ash fly, industrial waste. This study was conducted to analyze the physico-chemical properties of \"CellCaSi\" and clarify the effects on the growth of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis paulstris Huds \"Penncross\") and the chemical properties of soil, which was cellular calcium silicate reproduced by coal ash fly. A field assay was carried out in Young-Pyong Golf Course. The results were as follows. 1. The main chemical composition of CellCaSi was $SiO_2$(45~55%) and CaO(25~35), which was 70~90% of total weight. CellCaSi showed pH 8~9. Bulk density of CellCaSi was 0.35~0.45g/㎤. Water content of CellCaSi was 52.5~67.5%. 2. In the applied plots, leaf width, grass density per $1\textrm{cm}^2$, rhizome number and length per plant, and root number per plant of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis paulstris Huds \"Penncross\") showed increasing tendency compared with the control. The application of CellCaSi increased the growth of turfgrasses. Their visual quality on hardness, grass shoot density per $1\textrm{cm}^2$ and root growth was very good. And, their visual quality on rhizome growth was good. 3. After the application of CellCaSi, pH, CEC, Ex-cation of the applied soil showed increasing tendency with the little range, $SiO_2$content increasing tendency considerably, and organic matter content decreasing tendency compared with the control.ncy compared with the control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1715-1724
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• 2019

Objective: As laying hens become aged, laying performance and egg quality are generally impaired. One of the practical methods to rejuvenate production and egg quality of aged laying hens with decreasing productivity is a forced molting. However, the changes in intestinal microbiota after forced molting of aged hens are not clearly known. The aim of the present study was to analyze the changes in excreta bacterial communities after forced molting of aged laying hens. Methods: A total of one hundred 66-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were induced to molt by a 2-d water removal and an 11-d fasting until egg production completely ceased. The excreta samples of 16 hens with similar body weight were collected before and immediately after molting. Excreta bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the three major bacterial phyla in pre-molting and immediate post-molting hens, accounting for more than 98.0%. Lactobacillus genus had relatively high abundance in both group, but decreased by molting (62.3% in premolting and 24.9% in post-molting hens). Moreover, pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus cecorum and Escherichia coli were more abundant in immediate post-molting hens than in pre-molting hens. Forced molting influenced the alpha diversity, with higher Chao1 (p = 0.012), phylogenetic diversity whole tree (p = 0.014), observed operational taxonomic unit indices (p = 0.006), and Simpson indices (p<0.001), which indicated that forced molting increased excreta bacterial richness of aged laying hens. Conclusion: This study improves the current knowledge of bacterial community alterations in the excreta by forced molting in aged laying hens, which can provide increasing opportunity to develop novel dietary and management skills for improving the gastrointestinal health of aged laying hens after molting.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-114
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of an aquatic exercise program on the shoulder joint function. physical symptom. quality of life and stress among the patients who received modified radical mastectomy between 6 to 12 months prior to their visits. The subjects were 31 women aged between 40 and 60 who visited the out-patient department at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for follow-up care. and were not under the treatment of intravenous cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy. and had no complications. Twelve of them were assigned to the control group. while nineteen subjects to the experimental group. The aquatic exercise program was developed by the author with the assistance of exercise specialists. The program includes warming uP. aerobic and cooling down exercises in water. The aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out 3 times a week with 60 minutes in each time for 8 weeks from September 20th to November 15th. 1995 in a regular swimming pool in Seoul. Changes in the range of motion of the shoulder joint. muscle strength. physical symptom. quality of life. and stress were examined after the completion of treatment. The data were collected through isokinetic muscle strength evaluation and questionnaire survey before and after the treatment. Paired and unpaired t-test were adopted to analyze the data. The results were as follows ; 1. The increment in the range of motion of the shoulder joint in the experimental group after the exercise was significantly greater than those in the control group. 2. The peak torque of shoulder girdle muscles increased significantly after the exercise in the experimental group only. 3. The physical symptom score decreased significantly after the exercise in the experimental group only. 4. The experimental group revealed significantly higher level of quality of life and lower level of stress after the exercise compared with those before the exercise. whereas the control group showed no significant changes in those levels. These findings may indicate that the aquatic exercise program is effective in increasing the range of motion of the shoulder joint and muscle strength and quality of life. and also effective in decreasing physical symptoms. and the level of stress in postmastectomy patients. Accordingly. the acquatic exercise program' can be adopted as an effective nursing intervention for postmastectomy rehabilitation.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 연안지역과 비연안지역 주민의 삶의 질을 객관적 지표를 이용하여 비교분석하는 것이다. 삶의 질에 대한 측정지표는 세 부문으로 구분하여 선정했다. 첫째, 경제부문에는 인구증가율, 인구 1000명당 사업체 수, 고용률, 실업률을 선택했다. 둘째, 환경부문에는 일인당 자동차 등록대수, 상수도 및 하수도 보급률, 인구 1000명당 도시공원 조성 면적, 도로포장률을 포함했다. 셋째, 사회부문에는 교원 1인당 학생수, 인구 1000명당 의료기관 병상 수, 자동차 1000대당 교통사고 발생률, 일반회계 중 사회복지예산 비중을 선정했다. 전국 24개 연안도시와 51개 비연안도시를 대상으로 표준화지표분석기법 및 평균차이검증(t-test)을 실시하였다. 측정지표별 비교결과, 두 집단간 인구 1000명당 사업체 수, 도로포장률, 자동차 1000대당 사고발생률에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 각 부문별 비교결과, 경제부문에서만 연안도시가 비연안도시에 비해 높은 것이 유의미하게 나타났다. 삶의 질 비교결과, 연안도시가 비연안도시에 비해 높게 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

성별 한우쇠고기의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위하여 육질등급이 5개로 개전된 후 첫 해인 2005년도에 전국에 출하된 42,113두의 육질등급 요인을 조사하였으며, 2005년부터 2008년도 상반기까지 국립축산과학원에서 도축된 257두의 쇠고기 품질을 분석하였다. 성별 한우의 육질등급요인(근내지방도, 육색, 지방색, 조직감, 성숙도)은 유의적인 차이가 있었으며 한우 거세우가 가장 우수하였다(p<0.05). 근내지방도, 성숙도 및 조직감은 거세우가 각각 5.02, 2.17 및 1.31로 가장 우수하였으며 이에 따라 육질등급 지수도 2.75($1^{++}$ 등급 =1, 3등급= 5)로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 수분함량은 수소가 73.23%로 가장 높았으며, 조지방 함량은 거세우가 17.27% 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 거세우의 명도($L^*$), 전단력 및 보수력은 각각 39.01, 4.03 kg 및 57.08%로 가장 높았으나(p<0.05), 암소와 수소 간의 차이가 없었다. 전단력에 있어서 암소 및 수소가 각각 7.73 kg 및 8.35 kg으로 비교적 높게 나타난 것은 연도 증진에 관련된 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 관능검사 결과 연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 총 점수에서 거세우가 가장 좋았다(p<0.05). 이와 같은 연구는 시대적으로 변화하는 한우산업의 여건에 따라 단계 별로 수행할 필요가 있으며, 암소의 경우 경산우 비육이 대부분인 우리나라의 실정에 비추어 볼 때 산차별 또는 연령별 품질관련 연구가 더욱 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.196-206
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• 2023

하천생태계의 주요 1차 생산자인 부착돌말류는 대부분 세포 크기가 매우 작아 관찰과 피각 계수에 고배율의 현미경적 방법을 요구하며, 그로 인해 정성적, 정량적 분석에 있어 정확도와 정밀도를 확보하기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구는 부착돌말류를 이용한 수생태계 조사·평가에 있어 정도관리를 향상시키기 위한 방법을 제안하였다. 정도관리의 목적에 부합하기 위해, 정성 및 정량분석이 동시에 가능한 영구표본 슬라이드의 분석도구를 신규로 개발하였다. 영구표본을 제작함에 있어 커버 글라스와 슬라이드 글라스에 격자 유무의 조합으로 표본을 만들어 상호 특성을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 다른 시험 조건에 비해 유색선형 격자 슬라이드를 사용하는 방법이 가장 효과적이었다. 향후, 더 개선된 방법의 개발이 기대되지만, 본 연구에서 개발된 방법은 그 효율성과 적용성에 있어 기존 부착돌말류의 실내분석 정도관리를 개선하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2018

In order to analyze the effects of sediment on the occurrence of algal bloom on the Giheung Reservoir, the contamination levels of sediments were evaluated. The concentrations of various organic compounds (ignition loss), as well as the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, As, Hg, Cd) were analyzed in the sediments taken at eighteen sites of the reservoir. The concentrations of ignition loss and total nitrogen tended to increase from upstream to downstream, and ranged from 4.38 to 12.93% and 2,153 to 4,723 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals were in the order of Zn>Cr>Co>Ni>Pb>As>Hg, and the contamination level of the heavy metals was not high as a whole. The concentrations of the total phosphorus were in the range of 765 ~ 3,238 mg/kg, which exceeded the contamination level of the "Sediment Quality Assessment Guideline of River and Lake Sediment (Rule No. 2015-687 of the National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea)" at two upstream sites, four downstream sites, and all downstream sites. These results indicated that the pollution level of the total phosphorus, which is the main factor related to algal bloom, was found to be serious. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a countermeasure for sediment management in order to control the algal bloom which occurs periodically in the reservoir.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of land and sea breeze model experiment that has presented in $5^{th}$ grade curriculum in chapter "Weather and our lives" and makes better model simulation so that learners can have better and more effective way to study it. To survey the opinions from dedicated teachers about land and sea breeze model experiment, we produced the survey through interview with science exclusive teacher from M elementary school. An elementary science education expert, 3 men of science EdD modified and complemented survey and started Delphi survey to 12 science teachers who have career teaching more than 3 years. The problems found in this survey were 'one heat bulb, short heating time, small temperature difference of water and sand, lack of class time, empty space between sand and water, back of transparent boxes, little amount of scent and the location of the it' etc. But the most of all, it is hard to see the successful result of the experiment. Based on these kinds of investigations, and lots of trial and error, redesigned the new model experiment that has the most similarity to the real one and high probability of success. According to this, it was able to see the smoke forms horizontal movement along the sand and the smoke goes in one circulation cycle. through this experiment, we made a conclusion that although those scientific experiments in textbook were developed through lots of considerations of expert, to consider the aspect of consumer, it needs to reach the educational agreement about simulation experiment so that It can lead to successful experiment and high quality education.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2020

A high quality, long-term, high-resolution precipitation dataset is an essential in climate analyses and global water cycles. Rainfall data from station observations are inadequate over many parts of the world, especially North Korea, due to non-existent observation networks, or limited reporting of gauge observations. As a result, satellite-based rainfall estimates have been used as an alternative as a supplement to station observations. The Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation (CHIRP) and CHIRP combined with station observations (CHIRPS) are recently produced satellite-based rainfall products with relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions and global coverage. CHIRPS is a global precipitation product and is made available at daily to seasonal time scales with a spatial resolution of 0.05° and a 1981 to near real-time period of record. In this study, we analyze the applicability of CHIRPS data on the Korean Peninsula by supplementing the lack of precipitation data of North Korea. We compared the daily precipitation estimates from CHIRPS with 81 rain gauges across Korea using several statistical metrics in the long-term period of 1981-2017. To summarize the results, the CHIRPS product for the Korean Peninsula was shown an acceptable performance when it is used for hydrological applications based on monthly rainfall amounts. Overall, this study concludes that CHIRPS can be a valuable complement to gauge precipitation data for estimating precipitation and climate, hydrological application, for example, drought monitoring in this region.