• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 1993

This study was to investigate the application of foam finishing technology (FFT) for the silicone finishing of cotton fabrics and the tluorochemical finishing of polyester fabrics. The repellency properties, soil resistance properties and selected physical properties were demonstrated and compared the foam finishing with the conventional padding application. Amino-funetional silicone prorided better durability than epoxy-functional silicone and conventional reactive silicone after three launderings. Foam finishing fabrics improved stiffness but showed lower or equivalent water and oil repellency properties, soil resistance properties, tearing strength and abrasion resistance than those of the fabrics treated by conventional padding process. But, it was evident that the foam application of silicone and fluorochemical finishes to the fabrics were feasible.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 2008

As well as crop cultivation, they could not avoid automatizing and using more environmental friendly process in cultivation of fruit. And also, the consumer ask more safe fruit which is produced with more clean method. This is why the usage of aid materials for fruit cultivation like as fruiting bags are increasing. Practical utilization of wax emulsion treated water repelling fruiting bags are developed continuously and it's properties is compared properties of nomal fruiting bags. The water repelling process was developed with wax emulsion coating. After the experiment of wax emulsion preparation from paraffin and DEA and/or OA in Lab. scale, the wax emulsion was manufactured on pilot scale. The wax emulsion coated paper was prepared in mill scale coater. The water repellency and properties of emulsion coated fruiting bags were evaluated and compared with that of current fruiting bags.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2023

Any place where exercise is common, such as a club, sports hall, or school, is considered a place for teaching sports. When doing sports, a very safe environment for sports should be chosen. The athlete should consider the safety of sports facilities and equipment, and if there is a defect, he should refrain from exercising in these places. The safety of sports facilities is very effective in creating people's sports activities, with the benefits of staying away from physical harm, enjoying sports, and having mental peace. Everyone has the right to participate in sports and recreation and to ensure that they enjoy a safe environment. The ability to manage and solve issues that may arise plays the most critical role in creating a safe environment. The quality of construction materials used for the construction of sports facilities is of great importance. In this work, the resistance and water repellency of concrete constituents for the construction of sports buildings have been investigated by nanoscience. Nano-concrete material solves the main problem of concrete surfaces, i.e., the entry of water and humidity into the structure. It also gives it a self-cleaning ability with its water repellency. Nanoparticles are placed between pores and cover the cracks, which causes roughness in the surface structure of concrete. The high roughness of the surface of the coated concrete caused its super-hydrophobicity. In hydrophobic surfaces, the higher the contact angle, the more hydrophobic the surface will be. In order to investigate the hydrophobic properties, silica nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and fly ash were prepared on concrete, and their properties were analyzed.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

In this study, two biodegradable polymer(PLA, PBS) emulsions were treated on agricultural packaging paper such as fruit bagging paper. Water-repellency, mechanical properties, and SEM image with thermal aging were measured on the emulsion treated fruit bagging paper. Biodegradable polymers(such as poly lactic acid, poly butylene succinate) emulsion treated fruit bagging paper had higher water-repellency and strength than other water-repellent(such as acrylic repellent, linseed oil and paraffin wax) treated fruit bagging paper. According to FE-SEM results of polymer emulsion coated fruit bagging paper, the colloidal particles of emulsion after thermal treatment (looks like being) were adhered to the fibers. Thus, using biodegradable polymer emulsion is expected to protect a fruit for a long time.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2011

This study surveyed on the synthesis of one-step type hydrophilic non-porous PU resin and the physical property of the coated fabric for the garment. Three kinds of chain extender such as MEG, 1,4-BD and NPG were used for the preparation of one-step type hydrophilic non-porous PU resin in order to examine the effect of chain extender on the physical properties of PU-coated fabric. And the effects of isocyanate on the physical properties of PU coated fabric were surveyed by mixing with various TDI and MDI ratios. In addition, the physical properties of the coated fabric treated with one-step type hydrophilic non-porous PU resin were examined according to the pre-treatment conditions such as cire finishing. Finally, the washing durability of the coated fabrics was assessed. The coated fabrics treated with PU resin synthesized with PEG1000, MEG and TDI/MDI (6/4) showed the best physical properties. Considering the pre-treatment conditions, best performance of hydraulic pressure, water vapor permeability, and water repellency were obtained with top roller rotation ratio of 150% under 50 ton pressure at $170^{\circ}C$.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

In this study, octadecyldimethyl(3-triethoxy silylpropyl)ammonium chloride (ODDMAC) incorporated with Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics with different environmental conditions such as various temperature and time intervals. First, ODDMAC (15 weight %) was dissolved in ethanol. Then PET fabrics immersed in the ODDMAC solution at 25 ℃ for 10 minutes and dried at 80 ℃ for 5 minutes. The dried PET/PDDMAC fabrics carried out for curing process out at 110 ℃ ~ 190 ℃. The treated PET/ODDMAC has examined the surface and side coating properties through SEM analysis and elemental analysis. PET/ODDMAC fabric washed with water up to 50 times and studied the durability of the materials. It was confirmed that the treated PET fabric also exhibited good water repellency. In addition, the antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were studied by the disc diffusion method on the treated fabric.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2019

Electrodeposited zinc layer is widely used as a sacrificial anode for a corrosion protection of steel. In this study, we modified the surface of electrodeposited zinc to have a hydrophobicity, which shows various advanced functionalities, such as anti-corrosion, anti-biofouling, anti-icing and self-cleaning, due to its repellency to liquids. Superhydrophobicity was realized on electrodeposited zinc layer with a hydrothermal treatment, creating nanostructures on the surface, and following Teflon coating. The superhydrophobic surface shows a great repellency to water with high surface tension, while liquid droplets with low surface tension easily adhered on the superhydrophobic surface. However, immiscible lubricant-impregnated superhydrophobic surface shows a great repellency to various liquids, regardless of their surface tension. Therefore, it is expected that the lubricant-impregnated surface can be an alternative of superhydrophobic surface, which have a drawback for some liquids with a low surface tension.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.143-144
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• 2002

A series of alcohols with perfluorinated segments $F(CF_2)_m(CH_2)_n-OH$, with m=8, 10 and n=4, 6, 10, were synthesized. First, the alcohols were reacted with fatty acid to produce several esters $(F(CF_2)_m(CH_2)-OOC-R$ with m=8, 10 and n=2, 4, 8,) containing perfluoro group by condensation reaction, and characterized by FT-IR, GC, and surface tension. The esters were soluble in ethyl ether, toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and acetone, but insoluble in methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Preliminary experiments on 1,2-dichloroethane solutions showed a remarkable decrease of surface tension upon addition of the esters. Also, the esters films ranged from 100 to $122^{\circ}$, depending on the structure of fatty acid esters. As the separate experiment, the water-repellency of coated paper and cotton was evaluated. As a result, the water droplet dropped in surface was not permeated for two weeks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2021

Many plants and animals in nature have superhydrophobic surfaces. This superhydrophobic surface has various properties such as self-cleaning, moisture collection, and anti-icing. In this study, the superhydrophobic properties of PTFE surface were treated by plasma etching. There were four important factors that changed the surface properties. Micro-sized protrusions were formed by plasma etching. The most influential parameter was RF Power. The contact angle of the pristine PTFE surface was about 113.8°. The maximum contact angle of the surface after plasma treatment with optimized parameters was about 168.1°. In this case, the sliding angle was quite small about 1°. These properties made it possible to remove droplets easily from the surface. To verify the self-cleaning effect of the surface, graphite was used to contaminate the surface and remove it with water droplets. Graphite particles were easily removed from the optimized surface compared to the pristine surface. As a result, a surface having water repellency and self-cleaning effects could be produced with optimized plasma etching parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.192-210
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• 2004

Application methods of chemicals were investigated tn minimize strength reduction of corrugated boards under the high humidity environment encountered in the cold chain system. Starch insolubilizers were introduced in the starch solution preparation of the Stain hall method and their insolubilization effect of starch binder were estimated. The performance of water repellent agents(WRA) and moisture proof agents(MPA) were evaluated in terms of water and moisture resistance. And effects of the combination of the chemicals and the coating method were also examined. Addition of the polyamine polyamide insolubilizer to the main part in the Stain hall process improved the binding force and water resistance of starch, which contributed to minimize the strength reduction of paper under the high humidity environment. AZC and Glyoxal type insolubilizers could not be used in the experiment due to an excessively increased viscosity of starch solution and the poor stability. Conventional WRA treatment to the base paper enhanced water and moisture resistance very slightly even though water repellency of the paper reached R10 by the treatment. MPA showed excellent performance than WRA not only in water and moisture resistance but in water repellency. Double coating on paper with MPA was more effective than the single coating at the same coating weight. A newly developed MPA showed excellent performance and runnability only by a single coating instead of a double coating.