• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2022

Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) has potential risks associated with pathogenic bacterial contamination as it is usually consumed raw. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of Chinese chives purchased from traditional markets and grocery stores in March (Spring) and June (Summer) 2017. Differences in bacterial diversity were observed, and the microbial composition varied across sampling times and sites. In June, potential pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Enterobacter, and Pantoea, accounted for a high proportion of the microbiota in samples purchased from the traditional market. A large number of pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter lwoffii, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens) were detected in the June samples at a relatively high rate. In addition, the influence of the washing treatment on Chinese chive microbiota was analyzed. After storage at 26℃, the washing treatment accelerated the growth of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) because it caused dynamic shifts in Chinese chive indigenous microbiota. These results expand our knowledge of the microbiota in Chinese chives and provide data for the prediction and prevention of food-borne illnesses.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2001

This study investigated the effect of aftertreatments such as using the softener or starch on the mechanical properties of knitted fabrics. The mechanical properties of fabrics, hand value(HV) and total hand value(THV) were measured and calculated by the KES-F system. The main results are as follows: The values of tensile energy(WT), coefficient of friction(MIU) and geometrical roughness(SMD) were increased by softener but decreased by starch treatment. However, the values of tensile linearity(LT), bending(B, 2HB), thickness(T) and weight(W) were increased by starch but decreased by softener treatment. Tensile resilience(RT) was increased not only by softener but also by starch treatment. It showed that the levels of FUKURAMI, NUMERI and SOFUTOSA were increased by the treatment of softener and the levels of KOSHI and SHARI were increased by the treatment of starch. Total hand value(THV) was lower in fabric with starch treatment than fabric with none treatment.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2014

In this study, we modified the surface of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) through LbL (Layer-by-Layer) multilayering process with polyelectrolytes and investigated the effects of the NFC modification on the charge of NFC surface and the dewatering ability of NFC suspension. The multilayering process was done onto NFC fibers using polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and poly-sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (PSS) under different dosage and washing conditions. When the washing was carried out in every adsorption stage, the modified NFC had strong cationic or anionic charge depending on the type of polyelectrolyte in the outermost layer and the dewatering ability was not affected. In the case of no washing treatment or washing in the final adsorption stage, however, the zeta potential of NFC was close to an isoelectric point so that the dewatering ability increased remarkably. Low addition level of polyelectrolytes also showed the similar results. The mixing of NFC suspensions with opposite charge resulted in higher network strength and improved dewatering ability due to the flocculation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

Ultrasound and Surfactant aided soil washing process has been shown to be an effective method to remove diesel from soils. The use of surfactants can improve the mobility of diesel in soil-water systems by increasing solubility of adsorbed diesel into surfactant micelles. However, a large amount of surfactant is required for treatment. In addition, synthetic surfactants, specially anionic, are more toxic and the surfactant wastewater is hard to treat by conventional wastewater treatments even by AOPs. Ultrasound improves desorption of the diesel adsorbed on to soil. The mechanisms are based on physical breakage of bonds by hot spot, directly impact onto soil particle surface, the fragmentation of long-chain hydrocarbons by micro-jet and microstreaming in the soil pores. The use of ultrasound as an enhancement method in both anionic and nonionic surfactant aided soil-washing processes were studied. And all experiments were examined proceeded under CMC surfactant concentration, frequency 35 khz, power 400 W, Soil-water ratio 1:3(wt%), particle size 0.24 ~ 2mm and initial diesel concentration. 20,000 mg/kg. Combination with ultrasound showed significant enhancements on all the processes. Especially, nonionic surfactant Triton-X100 with ultrasound showed remarkable enhancements and diesel removal rate enhanced by ultrasound helps desorpting of surfactant adsorbed onto soils which prevented decreasing surfactant activity.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.260-270
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• 2006

In this research, the curly dock was used in the process of dyeing for fabrics of the inner wear & the patient wear. Since the curly dock has a pharmacological effect on dermatosis, this study focused on the variety of color and functions of the inner wear fabrics & patient wear fabrics to make the best use of the pharmacological effect of curly dock. With regards to giving a variety of colors and functions in the inner wear, patient wear fabrics, the curly dock dye was used in each treatment conditions on the cotton & silk fabrics. After dyeing, the dyeability, color change, light fastness, washing fastness, perspiration fastness, antibiosis, far infrared emissivity and emission power were evaluated. The evaluation results are as follows; The dyeablity increased from repeated dyeing and, by using the mordant, variety of colors such as skin, mustard, greyish-brown and dark earth colors were conformed to the naked eye. Fe mordant was better than Al on the lightfastness and the washing fastness. The repeated dyeing was found out to have less effect on neither lightfastness nor washing fastness. Both silk and cotton fabrics were graded $3{\sim}4$, since their degree of degradation appeared to be the same in alkali perspiration and acidic perspiration. In the case of silk fabrics mordanted by Al, the rate of declining in both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 4352 were 99.9%. In addition, the antibiosis was enhanced when the mordant was used. The far infrared was 86.6% of emissivity, $3.34{\times}10^2\;W/m^2{\cdot}{\mu}m$ emission power.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

We have investigated the washing method of as-synthesized CdSe/ZnS core/shell structure quantum dots (QDs) and the effective surface passivation method of the washed QDs using PMMA. The quantum yield (QY%) of as-synthesized QDs decreases with time, from 79.3% to 21.1%, owing to surface reaction with residual organics. The decreased QY% is restored to the QY% of as-synthesized QDs by washing. However, the QY% of washed QDs also decreases with time, owing to the absence of surface passivation layer. On the other hand, the PMMA-treated QDs maintained a relatively higher QY% after washing than that of the washed QDs that were kept in toluene solution for 30 days. Formation of the PMMA coating layer on CdSe/ZnS QD surface is confirmed by HR-TEM and FT-IR. It is found that the PMMA surface coating, when combined with washing, is useful to be applied in the storage of QDs, owing to its long-term stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1095-1103
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• 2008

The effects of resin finish and dyeabilities of four kinds of Iyocell fabrics that were manufactured by four kinds of pulps were investigated. The dyeabilities of Iyocell fabrics were similar, but differed from cotton fabric. In early stage of 30 minutes, cotton fabric was shown higher dye exhaustion ratio than Iyocell fabrics, however after then cotton fabric did not increase dye exhaustion, Iyocell fabrics increased continuously. At last, the dye exhaustion ratio of Iyocell fabrics were about 75% and that of cotton fabric was 65%. Two kinds of experimental procedures were applied for Iyocell fabrics. One was what the fabrics were treated with resins and washed with cellulase, and then dyed with reactive dyes. The other procedure was the fabrics were dyed with reactive dyes, and then applied the resin treatments and cellulase washing. After fibrillation and washing the undyed Iyocell fabric and the Iyocell fabric that was dyed with C.I.Reactive Red 120, their weight loss ratios were 3.5% and 2.8%, respectively. Dyeing with reactive dyes caused the crosslinking between cellulose and dyes and the crosslinking decreased fibrillation. The weight loss by enzyme washing of Iyocell fabrics decreased by the glyoxal and melamine resin treatments. The reduction of weight loss can be caused by fibrillation decrease. Dyeing and resin treating can be showed the synergic effect on the reduction of fibrillation. The effect of glyoxal resin on the reduction of fibrillation was a little better than that of melamine resin.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

Purpose: The role of peritoneal washing cytology in determining further treatment strategies after surgery for gastric cancer remains unclear. One reason for this is the fact that optimal procedures to increase the accuracy of predicting peritoneal metastasis have not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cytology using samples harvested from two different abdominal cavity sites during gastric cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: We prospectively recruited 108 patients who were clinically diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer (higher than cT1 stage disease). Peritoneal washing fluids were collected from the pouch of Douglas and the subphrenic area. Patients were prospectively followed up for 2 years to determine the recurrence and survival rates. Results: Thirty-three patients dropped out of the study for various reasons, so 75 patients were included in the final analysis. Seven patients (9.3%) showed positive cytology findings, of whom, three showed peritoneal recurrence. Tumor size was the only factor associated with positive cytology findings (P=0.037). The accuracy and specificity of cytology for predicting peritoneal recurrence were 90.1% and 94.2%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity was 50.0%. The survival rate did not differ between patients with positive cytology findings and those with negative cytology findings (P=0.081). Conclusions: Peritoneal washing cytology using samples harvested from two different sites in the abdominal cavity was not able to predict peritoneal recurrence or survival in gastric cancer patients. Further studies will be required to determine whether peritoneal washing cytology during gastric cancer surgery is a meaningful procedure.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 1999

The car washing effluent containing various oils and detergent was treated by ultrafiltration membranes. Dead-end type stirred cell (Amicon 8050) with 10, 30 and lOOk dalton membranes was used to determine permeation and rejection characteristics for the car washing effluent. In case of low molecular weight cut-off membranes, the effect of membrane fouling was weak under the applied pressures. However, the permeation flux for YM100 membrane(look dalton) may be affected by oil layer formation on the membrane surface as well as oil particle plugging for a part of membrane pores due to compressible and deformable oil properties. Oil and particle rejections in the permeates were over 95%, but detergent was passed easily through the membranes. Hence, the permeates containing detergent can be recycled to the system, and may reduce water pollution. Also, the car washing effluent was treated continuously by a capillary type ultrafiltration membrane of MWCO 50k dalton. The experimental data were fitted suitably to the cake filtration model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1963

1. Creosote in treated wood that exposed in open areas of outdoor is gradually lost by elapse of some period of time. This is the interst and important problem relating to decide the effect on the life extension of creosoted wood. As a general preservative losses occurring in wood treated by oil born preservative such as creosote oil are taken place boy the evaporating and washing activities of the exposed surfaces of wood due to the climatic conditions. Accordingly author intend to inspect differences in retention among species showing after creosoted blocks had been treated by evaporating and washing alternately for a definite time in the laboratory. 2. In this study rail road tie woods of Quercus aliena Blume, Fagus crenata Blume and Fraxinus mandchurica Ruprecht which entered into area for treatment at the plant, locating in Suwon, Korea, were selected to the test species. $2{\times}2{\times}2$ centimeter forty small wood blocks for each species were cut, treated by the mixed solution of equal 50% creosote and heavy oil (hot and cold method), and inspected absorption percents. After evaporation and washing treatments alternately to the intervals of definite time had been accomplished, the losses of creosote were inspected. 3. According to the results Quercus Fagus and Fraxinus are showing the values of 37.9, 87.3 and 59.3% in absorption, and these values were reduced into 28.7, 63.8 and 44.4% respectively by evaporating and washing treatments for a definite time. These indicate that losses of ease absorbing species are greater than difficult one and on the contrary difficult are lesser. However above reduced values are calculated to the 24.3, 26.9 and 25.1% when the absorption percents of each species were assumed as 100% retention respectively. Therefore actual differences of losses among species are lesser than those of absorption percents.