• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2016

Purpose: Only a few studies have explored nationwide trends in lipid profiles among Asian adolescents. We aimed to assess trends in lipid profiles and the associated lifestyle factors among Korean children. Methods: We analyzed data for 2,094 adolescents who were aged 10-18 years and had participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 1998 and 2010. Results: During 1998-2010, the prevalence of obesity significantly increased in boys, but no changes were observed in girls. Over this period, there was a small but significant decrease in the mean lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level in boys (1998, 87.5 mg/dL; 2010, 83.6 mg/dL; P=0.019) and mean triglyceride levels in girls (1998, 90.8 mg/dL; 2010, 85.8 mg/dL; P=0.020). There were no significant changes in the prevalence of dyslipidemia in boys, but a modest decrease was noted in girls (1998, 25.1%; 2010, 18.3%; P=0.052). During the study period, the prevalence of breakfast skipping decreased, whereas that of regular exercise increased in both groups. Daily total energy intake did not change between these years. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, breakfast skipping was associated with increased risk of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia in boys (odds ratio [OR], 5.77) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.27) in girls. Regular exercise was associated with decreased risk of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (OR, 0.40) in boys. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of obesity in boys increased, favorable or constant trends in lipid profiles were observed among Korean adolescents during 1998-2010. Decrease in breakfast skipping and increase in regular exercise may have contributed to these trends.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1137-1146
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• 2010

승부를 예측하는 많은 연구방법들이 있고, 지금도 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 많은 예측 방법들 중에서, 경기력에 영향을 미치는 현실적인 변수를 고려한 통계적인 모형을 사용하여 예측한다면 다른 예측방법들 보다 정교한 예측을 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2010년 남아공 월드컵 축구 결과 예측을 위하여 Bradley-Terry 모형을 고려한다. 이 예측모형은 경기력에 영향을 미치는 확률변수들을 포함하고, 쌍별 비교 방법을 사용하였다. 모형에 포함된 각 국가의 가치모수는 Newton-Raphson 알고리즘을 이용하여 얻은 수렴한 값이다. 이 모형을 사용하여 32개국 중 16강 진출하는 국가를 예측하였고, 8강, 4강, 결승진출, 우승팀까지 예측하였다. 2010년 남아공 월드컵 축구의 최종 결과와 이 예측자료를 비교하고 향후 연구에 대해 토론한다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2011

핵의학 검체검사 외부정도관리 숙련도시험을 평가 지표인 정밀도 및 회수율 측정을 학회에서 시행하고 있는 외부정도 관리혈청과 정확도 기반 WHO 인증표준물질을 사용하여 핵의학검사실에서 널리 사용하고 있는 방사면역측정법과 진단검사의학과에서 자동화장비를 이용하는 주된 방법인 화학발광면역측정법을 2009년, 2010년 각각 2회씩 총 4회를 시행하였다. 2009년도 종양 표지자 5종에서 측정 간 정밀도는 RIA는 평균 $14.8{\pm}4.2%$, EIA(CLIA)는 평균 $19.2{\pm}6.9%$ 이며, 두 방법 간 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 2010년도 종양 표지자와 갑상선 기능검사 9종에서 RIA는 평균 $13.8{\pm}6.1%$, EIA(CLIA)는 평균 $15.5{\pm}7.7%$로 RIA 검사는 AFP, CEA, PSA, CA 125, $T_3$, $T_4$, TSH 종목에서 측정 간 정밀도 허용범위인 20% 이내로 양호한 결과를 보였고, 허용범위를 벗어난 CA 19-9는 p value 0.345로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2010년도 WHO 인증표준물질을 사용한 RIA 검사 회수율 측정에서 AFP, PSA, $T_4$, TSH는 92~103%로 양호한 회수율을 보였다. CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9는 WHO 인증표준물질이 아닌 상품화된 정도관리물질을 사용하여 낮은 회수율을 보였으나, 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). $T_3$ 종목에서 RIA는 $118{\pm}21.1%$를 보였으나, EIA(CLIA)에서는 $145{\pm}22.9%$로 과대평가된 높은 회수율을 보였고, TSH 종목에서 RIA는 $103{\pm}9.6%$로 좋은 회수율을 보였지만, EIA(CLIA)는 $67{\pm}15.3%$로 낮은 회수율을 보였다. 방사면역측정법은 자동화장비를 이용한 화학발광면역측정법과의 숙련도 비교평가에서 측정 간 정밀도는 허용범위인 20% 이내 또는 두 방법 간 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 회수율은 WHO 인증표준물질을 이용한 종목에서 90~110%로 양호한 결과를 보였고, 이외 종목에서도 두 방법 간 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 따라서 방사면역측정법은 임상의에게 저렴한 비용으로 정확한 결과를 신속하게 보고할 수 있으며, 지속적으로 핵의학 체외진단키트에 대한 성능평가를 WHO 인증표준물질과 외부정도관리 숙련도 시험과 병행하여 수행함으로서 KOLAS 국제공인메디칼시험기관으로 인정받고 국제화와 검사실 표준화를 통하여 질 향상을 이루어야 한다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2010

Therapeutic drug monitoring of Mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) has been suggested in some clinical trials, but has not been widely adopted in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze the withdrawal rates of MMF and determine the characteristics of the patients who experienced adverse reactions with MMF therapy and to suggest the criteria for selecting patients who need monitoring of MMF levels. We retrospectively collected data of patients who started MMF between July 2007 and June 2008. A total of 154 adult patients were included in our study. Among them, ninety seven patients discontinued MMF with 59 cases being due to adverse drug reactions. Thirty one patients required dosage reduction of MMF with twenty three cases being due to adverse reactions. Twenty six patients continued the MMF without or with mild adverse reactions. Of the 82 adverse reaction cases, hematologic adverse reactions accounted for 38 cases (46%) and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse reactions accounted for 28 cases (34%). Older age and lower serum albumin levels were significantly different characteristics between the patients who withdraw MMF due to hematological adverse reactions and those who were able to continue therapy. The group who experienced GI adverse reactions had higher MMF dosages based on body weight and lower serum albumin levels. In conclusion, the factors affecting the adverse reactions of MMF were age, serum albumin level and higher dosage, therefore therapeutic drug monitoring of MMF should be considered in these patients.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to purpose the fundamental data for further developments of the school dental clinic program(SDCP) through comparing results of oral health promotion program for 4 years relating to compare oral health status of children who had experienced and had not experienced the program. Methods : The subjects were 66 children of elementary school in Busan Metropolitan City who had benefited school dental clinic program(SDCP) from 2004 to 2007 and control group was 98 children of elementary school who had not benefited school dental clinic program(SDCP). Data analysis were done with SPSS program (ver 13.0) through basic statistical data, t-test. Results : The DMF rate of elementary school students who had benefited program was 41.5% and it was lower than that of control group(52.5%), however it was not significant statistically. The DMT index of elementary school students who had benefited program was 1.81 and it was lower than that of control group(2.44)(p<0.05). The DMFT rate of elementary school students who had benefited program was 4.44% and it was lower than that of control group(7.45%)(p<0.05). Conclusions : In oder to promote oral health of children, school dental clinic in elementary school should be extended to more elementary schools as possible and the operating system should be changed to improve the efficiency. Oral health educational materials should be developed and utilized to improve educational effect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2016

Background: A previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may affect the outcomes of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective of this study was to compare the early in-hospital postoperative outcomes between patients who underwent CABG with or without previous PCI. Methods: The present study included 160 patients who underwent isolated elective on-pump CABG at the department of cardiothoracic surgery, Minia University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. Patients who previously underwent PCI (n=38) were compared to patients who did not (n=122). Preoperative, operative, and early in-hospital postoperative data were analyzed. The end points of the study were in-hospital mortality and postoperative major adverse events. Results: Non-significant differences were found between the study groups regarding preoperative demographic data, risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, EuroSCORE, the presence of left main disease, reoperation for bleeding, postoperative acute myocardial infarction, a neurological deficit, need for renal dialysis, hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. The average time from PCI to CABG was $13.9{\pm}5.4$ years. The previous PCI group exhibited a significantly larger proportion of patients who experienced in-hospital major adverse events (15.8% vs. 2.5%, p=0.002). On multivariate analysis, only previous PCI was found to be a significant predictor of major adverse events (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.71; p=0.01). Conclusion: Previous PCI was found to have a significant effect on the incidence of early major adverse events after CABG. Further large-scale and long-term studies are recommended.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.143-172
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• 2011

The relationship between body weight and body image, an objective and subjective measure of body shape, respectively, has long been a recurrent concern in the area of medical sociology and health-related studies. This concern stems from the argument and findings in the literature indicating that the two are not necessarily likely to be strongly correlated due mostly to the fact that one's own idea or conception about his/her body shape could be pretty different from one's actual shape. This study tries to empirically address the two issues based on the analysis of a national sample survey data in Korea: to what extent body weight and body image are correlated with or deviated from each other, on the one hand, and what factors help to account for the relationship between the two, on the other. The latest(2010) national sample data of KGSS(Korean General Social Survey) is used to evaluate the issues. Results of data analysis demonstrate that body weight and image have a moderate amount of correlation, and that the correlation tends to vary to a large extent depending on a few major socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Most important, the risk factor analysis attempted in this study could identify several salient risk factors, which include gender, age, chronic diseases, smoking, physical exercises, and medical checkup. To be precise, those who may be best characterized as particularly risky to weight gains are females, who are in their 20's, who have chronic diseases, non-smokers, who exercise regularly, and who conduct medical checkups on a regular basis. To extrapolate, the findings suggest that the most typically risky kinds of individuals in Korea are "young women who care very much for their health." The findings are interpreted and discussed with suggesting a recommendation for further studies.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Objectives: By analyzing data of pediatric patients who had visited the emergency room of an oriental medical hospital, we can understand their characteristics and diseases. The purpose of this study was to introduce the excellence of Oriental medicine, to develop various treatments and to revitalize pediatric emergency care at oriental medical hospital. Methods: The study was composed of 371 pediatric patients who had visited the emergency room of the $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ university oriental hospital from January 2008 to December 2009. Results: 1. Average age of the pediatric patients was 4.28 years old, and it has showed that 1 to 3 years old patients (36.7%) were the most common age. 2. The number of pediatric patients was increased in June. According to the weekly distribution data, the number of pediatric patients who had visited on Sunday was the most (29.1%). Also, the number of pediatric patients who had visited ER for 18 to 21 hours(35.6%) were the most common. 3. The major problems of hospitalization were digestive symptoms and nervous symptoms. The nervous symptoms were the most at infancy. The musculoskeletal symptoms were the most common in adolescence. The digestive symptoms were common in other stages of development. 4. The time interval between arrival and onset; within 6 hours were the most(48.0%). Acupuncture and herbal medication treatment(75.2%) were the most common medical treatments. Most of the pediatric patients(97.3%) were discharged after medical treatments. Conclusions: Pediatric patients who had visited emergency room at the oriental medical hospital were mostly not due to acute form of serious diseases. The most common disease states that have preferred to treat with oriental medicine were dyspepsia, crying, febrile fit, and ankle sprain. We have to introduce the excellence of oriental medicine, and we need to try to develop other treatments such as magnetic acupuncture, moxa therapy, aroma therapy and revitalize pediatric emergency care at oriental medical hospital.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

We evaluated the status of Clonorchis sinensis infection and potential risk factors among residents of riverside areas (Geumgang) in Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do (Province), Korea. From January to February 2010, a total of 349 (171 males, 178 females) stool samples were collected and examined by the formalin-ether concentration technique. Also, village residents were interviewed using questionnaires to obtain information about C. sinensis infection-related risk factors. Overall egg-positive rate of C. sinensis was 13.2%. Egg-positive rates were significantly higher in males, farmers, and residents who had lived there more than 20 years, and in residents who had eaten raw freshwater fish than in opposite groups, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between age groups, education levels, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, health status, past history of infection, and experience of clonorchiasis medication and examination. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for clonorchiasis. On univariate analysis, the odds ratios for males, farmers, those who had lived there more than 20 years, and who had eaten raw freshwater fish were 2.41, 4.44, 3.16, and 4.88 times higher than those of the opposites, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the odds ratio of residents who had eaten raw freshwater fish was 3.2-fold higher than that of those who had not. These results indicate that residents living in Muju-gun, along the Geum River, Korea, have relatively high C. sinensis egg-positive rates, and the habit of eating raw freshwater fish was the major factor for the maintenance of clonorchiasis.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.181-204
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• 2010

This study analyzes the meaning of madness shown in the female narrative, focusing on two novels- "Before the Operation" by Mei Niang and "Madman's Diary" by Baek Shin-Ae. The novel "Before the Operation" reveals women's instinctive desires through an insane woman and brings up a problem of unfair suppression caused by patriarchism. On the other hand, the heroine of "Madman's Diary" shows madness when she is at a crisis to be 'the other' in the patriarchal system. Her madness is caused because she fails to find the meaning of her presence in the system. Interestingly, a woman who departs from moral standards of patriarchy (from "Before the Operation") becomes thefocus of public censure while a man (from "Madman's Diary") who also ignores those standards seems to be a victim. In "Madman's Diary", the man's wife is accused of being mad while he draws sympathy as a victim. This shows that those moral standards have duplicity. At this point, the heroines who continuously adjust themselves to the system express their madness. In other words, the madness implies a stern protest against the moral standards applied differently to men and women. It is unique that the two heroines of the novels become 'sane' when they encounter thematter of 'being a mother'. When it comes to "Madman's Diary", 'being a mother' of the insane woman who becomes 'the other' in the system foretells dismal future. Meanwhile, Mei Niang indicates the way- 'being a mother'- to overcome the dismal future through "Before the Operation". In this case, the mother is not a figure that reproduces the patriarchal power structure, but an independent figure who wants to change it. For that reason, 'being a mother' has the meaning of subversion and resistance.