• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.120-129
• /
• 2018

This experiment was conducted to find the most suitable crop establishment method and weed management practices for transplanted aman rice in Bangladesh. Rice variety Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) dhan44 was used as planting materials where three crop establishment methods ($T_1$: direct wet seeding by drum seeder; $T_2$: hand broadcasting; $T_3$: transplanting) and four weeding options ($W_1$: Hand weeding (HW); $W_2$: BRRI weeder+HW; $W_3$: Herbicide+HW; and $W_4$: no weeding) were tested. Among the crop establishment methods, the highest grain yield ($5.12t\;ha^{-1}$) was obtained with the $T_3$, while the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.08 was found in $T_2$. In case of the weed management method, $W_1$ showed superior results on the plant $density/m^2$ (139.66) at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), grain yield ($4.97t\;ha^{-1}$), and BCR (2.03). On the other hand, the highest plant dry matter (36.20 g) at 60 DAT and the highest yield ($6.10t\;ha^{-1}$) were obtained in a $T_3W_1$ combination. The results of this study show that the productivity of rice during aman season could be most significantly increased with the use of transplanting ($T_3$) alone, hand weeding ($W_1$) alone, or a combination of the two methods ($T_3W_1$).

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2016

병원성 미생물들에 대해 항균활성을 보이는 $W5-1^T$ 균주가 한국의 발효식품인 김치에서 분리되었다. 이 분리주는 그람염색변이성, 절대호기성, 간균, 내생포자형성과 주모성의 편모를 가지고 운동성을 나타내었다. 균주는 $15-40^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0-10.0, 0-4% NaCl 조건에서 생육하였다. 균주는 esculin과 xylan을 가수분해하였고, $\small{D}$-mannose을 동화하였으나 $\small{D}$-mannitol은 동화하지 못하였다. $W5-1^T$ 균주는 Listeria monocytogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi에 항균활성을 보였다. $W5-1^T$ 균주의 DNA의 G+C 함량은 52.6 mol%였다. 주요 호흡성 퀴논은 menaquinone-7 (MK-7)였고, 주요 세포성 지방산은 $C_{16:0}$, antieiso-$C_{15:0}$, $C_{18:0}$, and $C_{12:0}$였다. 균주는 세포벽 펩티도클리칸으로 meso-diaminopimelic acid을 함유하였다. 16S rRNA 유전자서열 분석에 근거하여 $W5-1^T$ 균주는 Paenibacillaceae 과로 분류되었으며 Paenibacillus pinihumi $S23^T$(98.4% similarity), P. tarimensis $SA-7-6^T$(96.4%) 균주와 높은 연관성을 보였다. 분리주와 P. pinihumi $S23^T$는 8.5%의 DNA-DNA 관련성을 보임으로 $W5-1^T$ 균주가 Paenibacillus 속의 한 종임을 보여주었다. 이러한 다각적 연구의 증거로 볼 때 $W5-1^T$ 균주는 Paenibacillus 속의 신종으로 사료되어 Paenibacillus kimchicus로 명명을 제안하며, 표준균주는 $W5-1^T$(=KACC $15046^T$=LMG $25970^T$)이다.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.1259-1271
• /
• 2012

We consider a tournament T = (V,A). For each subset X of V is associated the subtournament T(X) = (X,$A{\cap}(X{\times}X)$) of T induced by X. We say that a tournament T' embeds into a tournament T when T' is isomorphic to a subtournament of T. Otherwise, we say that T omits T'. A subset X of V is a clan of T provided that for a, $b{\in}X$ and $x{\in}V{\backslash}X$, $(a,x){\in}A$ if and only if $(b,x){\in}A$. For example, ${\emptyset}$, $\{x\}(x{\in}V)$ and V are clans of T, called trivial clans. A tournament is indecomposable if all its clans are trivial. In 2003, B. J. Latka characterized the class ${\tau}$ of indecomposable tournaments omitting a certain tournament $W_5$ on 5 vertices. In the case of an indecomposable tournament T, we will study the set $W_5$(T) of vertices $x{\in}V$ for which there exists a subset X of V such that $x{\in}X$ and T(X) is isomorphic to $W_5$. We prove the following: for any indecomposable tournament T, if $T{\notin}{\tau}$, then ${\mid}W_5(T){\mid}{\geq}{\mid}V{\mid}$ -2 and ${\mid}W_5(T){\mid}{\geq}{\mid}V{\mid}$ -1 if ${\mid}V{\mid}$ is even. By giving examples, we also verify that this statement is optimal.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1995

Working depth of the model net was determined by using of the same experimental tank and the same model net that used in the forwarded report in a series studies. The depth of the net which indicates the depth of the head rope from the water surface, was determined by the photographs taken in front of the net mouth with the combination of towing velocity, warp length and distance between paired boats. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Working depth of model nets A and B was varied in the range of 0.09~1.66$m$,and 0.04~1.34$m$(which can be converted into 2.7~40.2$m$and 1.2~49.8$m$in the full-scale net) respectively, and the depth of model net A was slightly deeper than the depth of the model net B. 2. Working depth ($D$,which is appendixed m for the model net, f for the full-scale net, A and B for the types of the model nets) can be expressed as the function of towing velocity$V_t$, as in the model net($V_t$=$m$/$sec$) $D_{mA}$=(-1.99+0.65$L_w$) $e^{-1.72V_t}$ $D_{mA]$=(-1.91+1.04 $L_w$) $e^{2.88V_t}$ in the full-scale net($V_t$=$k$'$t$ $D_{fA}$=(-29.32+0.65$L_w$)$e^{0.40 V_t}$ $D_{fB}$=(-57.60+1.04$L_w$)$e^{-0.67 V_t}$ 3. Working depth 9$D$ appendixes are as same as the former) can be expressed as the function of warp length$L_w$) in the model net, and can be converted into full-scale net as in the model net ($V_t$=$m$/$sec$) $D_{mA}$=-0.99 $e^{-1.42V_t}$+0.67$e^{-1359V_t}$$L_w$ $D_{mB}$=-.258$e^{-3.77V_t}$+1.16$e^{-3.15V_t$ $L^w$, in the full-scale net($V_t$=k't) $D_{fA}$=-29.28$e^{-0.32V_t}$+0.67$e^{-0.37V_t$$L_w$ $D_{fB}$=-69.10$e^{-0.81V_t}$+1.16$e^{-0.72V_t}$$L_w$. 4. Working depth was gradually shallowed according to the increase of the distance between paired boats.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.241-245
• /
• 2005

This study introduces the wind turbine (W/T) noise evaluation procedure required in the international standard (IEC 61400-11) and monitoring system for the evaluation. Noise emission characteristics of a 750kW W/T generator is investigated. Test and evaluation are performed on J48 W/T model which is under operation in Daekwanryung Wind Test Site. With the noise signal, meteorological data and W/T operational data are monitored in real time by the integrated monitoring system using LabVIEW. From the measured noise data, acoustic power level and tonality of the W/T are estimated under the wind speeds required by the international standard.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.485-488
• /
• 2006

Allometric equations for biomass measurement of the shrub species, Lindera obtusiloba, were developed. The allometric equations between $(BD)^2H$ and dry weight of leaves ($W_I$), stems and branches ($W_{sb}$), roots ($W_r$) and total weight ($W_t$) of the Lindera obtusiloba were as follows: $W_I=0.7318\;(BD^2H)^{0.6108},\;W_{sb}=0.6067(BD^2H)^{0.8355},\;W_r=0.4524(BD^2H)^{0.7608},\;W_t=1.672 (BD^2H)^{0.7664}$. The $R^2s$ between $(BD)^2H\;and\;W_I,\;W_{sb},\;W_r\;and\;W_t$ of the Lindera obtusiloba were 0.9251, 0.9571, 0.9353 and 0.9546, respectively. Root weight of this Lindera obtusiloba was about 38% of the aboveground biomass.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국통계학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2002

We present an extension of the Wong-Zakai type approximation theorem for a multiple stochastic integral. Using a piecewise linear approximation $W^{(n)}$ of a Wiener process W, we prove that the multiple integral processes {${\int}_{0}^{t}{\cdots}{\int}_{0}^{t}f(t_{1},{\cdots},t_{m})W^{(n)}(t_{1}){\cdots}W^{(n)}(t_{m}),t{\in}[0,T]$} where f is a given symmetric function in the space $C([0,T]^{m})$, converge to the multiple Stratonovich integral of f in the uniform $L^{2}$-sense.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.234-245
• /
• 2012

This study aims to analyze the factors of the extra-curricula area in personal school performance record and propose the practical strategies for entrance examination affairs on this area. To address this goal, we have applied a SWOT analysis with related documents and research results. We found out five strengths: (S1) Link the students' experience to right people for the university, (S2) Quantitative Indicators, (S3) Qualitative Indicators, (S4) Link to other evaluation factors, and (S5) Analysis of Human Resource. The weakness included: (W1) Fairness, (W2) Reliability, (W3) Difficulties to set standards, (W4) Difficulties to set environments, and (W5) Lack of systemic experience of an evaluation. We also discovered five opportunities (O1) Recognition of public education, (O2) The need of national support, (O3) The importance of autonomy, (O4) Specialization, and (O5) Networks. Finally, threat factors consisted of: (T1) Frequent change of educational policy, (T2) Increasing of private education, (T3) Lack of information and preparation time, and (T4) The accuracy and reliability of personal school records. Based on these results, we suggested practical strategies with these four dimensions: S-O, W-O, S-T, and W-T.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제19권1_2호
• /
• pp.475-484
• /
• 2005

Let W(t) be a Wiener path, let $\xi\;:\;[0,\;{\infty})\;\to\;\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous and increasing function satisfying $\xi$(0) > 0, let $$T_{/xi}=inf\{t{\geq}0\;:\;W(t){\geq}\xi(t)\}$$ be the first-passage time of W over $\xi$, and let F denote the distribution function of $T_{\xi}$. Then the first passage problem has a unique continuous solution as following $$F(t)=u(t)+{\sum_{n=1}^\infty}\int_0^t\;H_n(t,s)u(s)ds$$, where $$u(t)=2\Psi(\xi(t)/\sqrt{t})\;and\;H_1(t,s)=d\Phi\;(\{\xi(t)-\xi(s)\}/\sqrt{t-s})/ds\;for\;0\;{\leq}\;s.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.69-72
• /
• 2012

Effects of dietary nutrient content on the biological index and serum chemistry of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus achieving compensatory growth were investigated. Six treatments were prepared in triplicate. Fish were hand-fed with the control (C) diet twice daily for 8 weeks (8W-C) or fish were starved for 2 weeks and then hand-fed with the C, high protein (HP), high carbohydrate (HC), high lipid (HL), or intermediate protein, carbohydrate and lipid (IPCL) diets for 6 weeks, referred to as 6W-C, 6W-HP, 6W-HC, 6W-HL, and 6W-IPCL, respectively. Weight gain of fish in the 8W-C, 6W-HP, and 6W-IPCL treatments was higher than that of fish in the 6W-C treatment. Condition factor (CF) of the fish in the 6W-HP, 6W-HC and 6W-IPCL treatments was higher than that of fish in the 8W-C and 6W-C treatments. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of fish in the 6W-HC, 6W-HL and 6W-IPCL treatments was higher than that of the fish in the 8W-C, 6W-C and 6W-HP treatments. Serum chemistry except triiodothyronine ($T_3$) was not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, CF and HSI of the fish could be indices reflecting compensatory growth, whereas $T_3$ seemed to play a partial role in achieving compensatory growth.