• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.80-89
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• 2000

Driving simulators provide engineers with a power tool in the development and modification stages of vehicle models. One of the most important factors to realistic simulations is the fidelity obtained by a motion bed and a real-time visual image generation algorithm. Virtual reality technology has been widely used to enhance the fidelity of vehicle simulators. This paper develops the virtual environment for such visual system as head-mounted display for a vehicle driving simulator. Virtual vehicle and environment models are constructed using the object-oriented analysis and design approach. Based on the object model, a three-dimensional graphic model is completed with CAD tools such as Rhino and Pro/ENGINEER. For real-time image generation, the optimized IRIS Performer 3D graphics library is embedded with the multi-thread methodology. The developed software for a virtual driving simulator offers an effective interface to virtual reality devices.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2019

Previous studies on double scale models, visual models with two different scales (Chong, 2015), have focused on double number line and little research has been conducted on how to employ double scale models in the elementary mathematics textbooks series. Given this, we analyzed the characteristics of double scale models in the Japanese elementary mathematics textbooks in the following aspects: (a) the contents of units where double scale models were used; (b) the purposes of using such models; (c) the types of such models tailored to the contents and grade levels; and (d) the characteristics of problem contexts dealing with the models. The results of this study showed that double scale models were effectively used to connect the contents related to multiplication, specifically for the contexts of ratio. Such models were addressed for students in a systematic and gradual way as the grade levels went up. Based on these results, this paper describes implications on how to use double scale models in mathematics textbooks.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2021

It has long been speculated that the visual system should use a coding strategy that takes advantage of statistical redundancies in images. But how such a coding strategy should manifest in neural responses has been less clear. Low-level image structure related to the power spectrum of natural images appears to be captured by a hard-wired efficient code in the retina of the fly and precortical structures like the LGN of cats that maximizes information content through the limited capacity channel of the optic nerve. But visual images are typically filled with higher-order structure beyond that captured by the power spectrum and visual cortex is not constrained by the same capacity limits as the optic nerve. Whether and how visual cortex can flexibly code for higher order redundancies is unknown. Here we show using psychophysical techniques that the neural response in early human visual cortex may be modulated by orientation redundancies in images such that a visual feature that is contained within a predictive pattern results in slower reaction times than a feature that deviates from a pattern, suggesting lower neural responses to predictable stimuli in the visual cortex. Our results point to a neural response in early visual cortex that is sensitive to global patterns and redundancies in visual images and is in marked contrast to standard models of cortical visual processing.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to grasp visual effects of landscape on window in living space. The visual effects in the 1/3 living room scale models that are different in the dimension of window, the place of window and the landscape through the window is judge using a method of magnitude estimation. In consequence of these experiment, the following results were obtained. 1) The brightness influences the evaluation marks on visual effects of window on living space. 2) The existence of landscape has an effect on a sense of extent for living space. 3) The existence of window in visual field makes a great difference to the visual effects.

• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-150
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• 2012

This paper analyzes the activities for (fraction) ${\times}$(fraction) in Korean elementary textbooks focusing on the connection between visual models and the algorithm. New Korean textbook attempts a new approach to use length model (as well as rectangular area model) for developing the standard algorithm for the multiplication of fractions, $\frac{a}{b}{\times}\frac{d}{c}=\frac{a{\times}d}{b{\times}c}$. However, activities with visual models in the textbook are not well connected to the algorithm. To bridge the gap between activities with models and the algorithm, distributive strategy should be emphasized. A wealth of experience of solving problems of fraction multiplication using the distributive strategy with visual models can serve as a strong basis for developing the algorithm for the multiplication of fractions.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2005

Traditional Internet pricing schemes are coming under continual pressure to adapt to, and encourage, a changing mix of Internet applications and consumer usage patterns. Much research effort over the last decade has been focused on developing more efficient and attractive charging schemes. However, none of the proposed models has been widely deployed. This raises questions regarding the inhibiting factors and missing pieces that make pricing the Internet such a challenge. In this paper, we discuss the problems with current Internet pricing schemes, review the history of Internet pricing research over the last ten years, and summarize the key features and motivations of the most significant models. We develop a novel visual approach to comparing and evaluating such schemes using a three-dimensional (3D) metric encompassing technical efficiency, economic efficiency, and social impact. We address and discuss the important factors that have inhibited the deployment of the reviewed models and suggest productive areas of focus for future Internet pricing research.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.176-181
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• 2024

The desktop-level 3D printing machines makes it easier for independent designers to produce collectible models. Desktop 3D printers that use FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology usually use a minimum nozzle diameter of 0.4mm. When using FDM printers to make Gunpla models, Thin slice structures are prone to slicing errors, which lead to deformation of printed objects and reduction in structural strength. This paper aims to analyze the printing model that produces errors, control a single variable among the three variables of slice layer height, slice wall thickness and filament type for comparative testing, and find a way to avoid gaps. To provide assistance for using FDM printers to build models containing thin-walled structures.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

HVIMs consists of simulated driver models implemented with series of mathematical functions and computerized vehicle dynamic models. To effectively model the perception process, as a part of driver models, psychophysical nonlinearity should be considered not only for the single-modal stimulus but for the stimulus of multiple modalities and interactions among them. A series of human factors experiments were conducted using the primary sensory of visual and auditory modalities to find out the effects of auditory cues in visual velocity estimation tasks. The variations of auditory cues were found to enhance/reduce the perceived intensity of velocity as the level changed. These results indicate that the conventional psychophysical power functions could not applied for the perception process of the HVIMs with multi-modal stimuli. 'Ruled surfaces' in a 3-D coordinate system(with the intensities of both kinds of stimuli and the ratio of enhancement, respectively for each coordinate) were suggested to model the realistic perception process of multi-modal HVIMs.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.595-610
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• 1999

This paper presents a visual simulation tool for verification and validation(V&V) of design implications of the Object Behavior Chart developed in accordance with the existing real-time object's behavior design method. This tool can simulates the dynamic interactions using the executable simulation machine, that is EFSM(Extended Finite State Machine) and can detect various logical and temporal errors in the visual object behavior charts before a concrete implementation is made. For this, a LOTOS prototype specification is automatically generated from the visual Object Behavior Chart, and is translated into an EFSM. This system is implemented in Visual C++ version 4.2 and currently runs on PC Windows 95 environment. For simulation purpose, LOTOS was chosen because of it's excellence in specifying communication protocols. Our research contributes to the support tools for seamlessly integrating methodology-based graphical models and formal-based simulation techniques, and also contributes to the automated V&V of the Visual Models.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2001

This study aims to develop three types of the visual fields: stationary field, eye field, and head field, which are classified depending upon the eye and head movements. A visual experiment taking target size, target color, and meridian into account was conducted, in which the L32 orthogonal array was employed. The results showed that target size and meridian were significant at ${\alpha}$=0.01 in all three visual fields. Contrary to expectation, target color was significant at ${\alpha}$=0.10 only in the head field. Furthermore, the differences in size of the head field depending upon four target colors were negligibly small. Three linear regression models were provided to generate visual fields which are appropriate for given visual task's characteristics. In addition, a simple method using adjusting factor was also proposed so that anyone without knowledge for human factors/ergonomics can easily generate and use them when designing or evaluating visual tasks. It is expected that the visual fields presented in this study can be easily used even by non-ergonomic experts in real situations due to their simplicity.