• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Comprehensive Attention Test, Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV scores in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Fifty-five children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and not taking psychiatric medications were included in this retrospective study. A correlation analysis was performed. Results: Although simple visual and auditory selective attention have diagnostic value in traditional continuous performance tests, this study revealed that inhibition-sustained attention and interference-selective attention are also effective in evaluating ADHD. Furthermore, the correlation between the attention and intelligence test scores varied depending on the use of visual or auditory stimuli. Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to clarifying our understanding of the cognitive characteristics of children and adolescents with ADHD and can be used in future research.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

Recent technological advances made a vehicle more intelligent to increase safety and comfort. An intelligent vehicle provides drivers with safety warning information through audible sounds, visual displays, and tactile devices. However, elderly drivers have been known to decrease the physical and cognitive abilities such as muscular strength, hearing, eyesight, short term memory, and spatial perception. Therefore, possible age-related deficits should be considered to design an effective warning system. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of advancing age on response performance on audible safety warnings which are widely used for alerting driving hazards. In order to understand the effect of age-related hearing loss and movement slowing, three sound characteristics (frequency, intensity, and period) and three age groups (younger, middle, and older) are considered. Data was drawn from 38 drivers who drove a simulated rural road in a driving simulator. Experimental results show that age influences driver's response performance. In conclusion, the appropriate range of a warning sound is suggested.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2005

The research focused quantitative comparisons of protocols occurring in the architectural massing process using two different tools, three-dimensional(3D) modeler and traditional design tools, to aid architectural massing education. Through the protocol analysis from some experiments, the research identified the following conclusions: 1) Usage of traditional tools produced much higher protocol rate in proposing solution, evaluating proposed solution, explicitness of strategies. This result seemed to be from convenience of traditional tools causing faster visual cognitive cycle. 2) Usage of 3D modeler produced much higher protocol rate concerning attempts of making design vocabulary. The result indicated 3D modeler has relatively effective functions for mass generation and orientation, however it still has some weaknesses on display interface which cause designer's lower idea generations compared to traditional design tools.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to identify children's cognitive processing and performance characteristics while multiple task performance. It confirmed whether their multiple task performance and psychological refractory period (PRP) varied by task condition (stimulus onset asynchrony [SOA] and task difficulty) and stimulus modality. Methods: Seventy 5-year-olds were recruited. Multi-task tools were developed using the E-prime software. The children were required to respond to two stimuli (visual or auditory) presented with microscopic time difference and their response times (RTs) were recorded. Results: As the SOA increased, the RTs in the first task increased, while the RTs in the second task and PRP decreased. The RTs of the first and second tasks, and the PRP for difficult tasks, were significantly longer than those for easy tasks were. Additionally, there was an interaction effect between the SOA and task difficulty. Although there was no main effect of stimulus modality, task difficulty moderated the modality effect. In the high difficulty condition, the RTs of the first and second tasks and PRP for the visual-visual task were significantly longer than those for auditory-auditory task were. Conclusion: These results inform theoretical discussions on children's multi-task mechanism, and the loss of multiple task performance. Additionally, they provide practical implications and information on the composition of multi-tasks suitable for children in educational environments.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.377-399
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to understand and identify the critical issues in vision research area using content analysis and network analysis. Background: Vision, the most influential factor in information processing, has been studied in a wide range of area. As studies on vision are dispersed across a broad area of research and the number of published researches is ever increasing, a bibliometric analysis towards literature would assist researchers in understanding and identifying critical issues in their research. Method: In this study, content and network analysis were applied on the meta-data of literatures collected using three search keywords: 'visual search', 'eye movement', and 'eye tracking'. Results: Content analysis focuses on extracting meaningful information from the text, deducting seven categories of research area; 'stimuli and task', 'condition', 'measures', 'participants', 'eye movement behavior', 'biological system', and 'cognitive process'. Network analysis extracts relational aspect of research areas, presenting characteristics of sub-groups identified by community detection algorithm. Conclusion: Using these methods, studies on vision were quantitatively analyzed and the results helped understand the overall relation between concepts and keywords. Application: The results of this study suggests that the use of content and network analysis helps identifying not only trends of specific research areas but also the relational aspects of each research issue while minimizing researchers' bias. Moreover, the investigated structural relationship would help identify the interrelated subjects from a macroscopic view.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2006

According to critics and architects, non-linear structure is not only an organic form of space, but also a form of space detached from modem style. Accordingly, non-linear structure can be accepted as an alternative to what has remained unsolved by deconstructionist. However, they are criticized for not clarifying the interdependent relationship between non-linearity of space and cognitive structure of human being. They ended up remaining the hypothesis just an intuitive and abstract one. This research began on the basis that their hypothesis is hard to be objectified, and it needs further inquiry. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the redundant factors constitute non-linear structures of digital media centered space design. Geometric compositions of space structure were analyzed to define what types of redundant factors are contrived in the process of visual information. This study about the visual form, researching the Information Theory, and then offer a quantitative analysis that makes those more objective. Space structure and geometric composition were analyzed to define what types of redundancy are contrived in the process of visual information. In particular, I put higher theoretical emphasis on what characteristics are ensued in the process of structuring spaces than any other subjects. Followings are the conclusion of analysis. First, as a result of examining, we can assume that NOX' space structure is not a chaotic form, but has an operating the form of its own. Second, in case of curvilinear, the structure was found redundancy on mid deviation ratio and discontinuous circular fabric. Although most of their structures appeared complex with a higher coherent constant, they were found to be stable factors because of the low deviation ratio between systems. The amount of surplus information was stable structure as well.

• 인지과학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 한국어 시각 단어 재인과정에서 음운 정보가 주로 사용되는지(음운재부호화 가설) 혹은 표기 정보 중심으로 처리되고 음운 정보가 부수적인 역할을 하는지(이중경로가설)를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 목표 단어(예: 녹말)와 음운이 완전히 일치하는 형태의 자극(예: 농말), 목표 단어와 첫음절의 음운은 일치하지만 두 번째 음절은 일치하지 않는 자극(예: 농알), 목표 단어와 첫음절의 표기가 일치하는 자극(예: 녹알)을 통제자극(예: 적감)과 비교하였다. 실험 1에서는 비단어 어휘판단과제를 사용하여 비단어 처리 시 음운 정보와 표기 정보의 영향을 살펴보았는데 그 결과 목표단어와 표기가 일치하는 조건은 통제조건에 비해 느린 반응시간과 높은 오류율을 보였지만 음운정보가 일치하는 조건에서는 통제조건에 비해 빠른 반응시간과 낮은 오류율을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 한국어 시각 단어 재인과정에서 표기 정보가 주도적으로 사용되지만, 음운정보도 어휘접근이나 그 이후의 과정에서 사용된다는 것을 시사한다. 실험 2와 실험 3에서는 두 SOA조건(60ms, 150ms)에서 차폐점화실험 패러다임을 사용한 어휘판단과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과 두 실험에서 모두 일음절의 표기정보가 동일한 조건에서만 점화효과가 나타나고 음운이 완전히 일치한 조건과 일음절의 음운정보만 일치한 조건에서는 점화효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 실험 1과 마찬가지로 한국어 시각 단어 재인 시 표기 정보가 주로 사용되며 음운정보는 부수적인 역할을 한다는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구는 음운재부호화가설에 비해 이중경로 가설이 한글 시각단어재인과정을 설명하기에 더 적합함을 보여주는 경험적 증거라 볼 수 있다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2006

정보전달 환경의 변화에 따라 정보에 흥미를 분가하여 효율성을 높이는 것이 디자인에서 중요하게 대두되었다. 인포테인먼트는 다양한 표현방법과 미디어기술을 기반으로 정보 콘텐츠를 디자인할 때 오락적 흥미요소를 정보에 결합하는 개념으로 활용되고 있다. 정보자체만을 사실적으로 전달하는 정보형 메시지에 비해 오락적 흥미가 부가되어 사용자 관심을 유도하는 정보는 설득형 메시지의 정보이다. 인포테인먼트의 메시지가 설득적이라는 것은 정보의 이해과정에서 감각적 자극이나 인지적 재미, 상황적 흥미를 통해 사용자가 정보에 몰입하게 하는 것이다. 감각적 자극은 정보디자인의 표현요소와 미디어의 기능에 의해 발생하는 것이고, 인지적 재미는 정보 콘텐츠의 구조화에서 비예측성, 부조화 상태를 통한 잉여적 표현으로 수용자가 심리적 정체를 경험한 후 이를 해소하려는 지적인 활동에서 나타난다. 상황적 흥미는 사용자가 갖는 최적의 경험으로 쾌(快)에 의한 플로우 상태에서 나타난다. 따라서 인포테인먼트의 속성은 감각적 자극, 잉여성, 쾌로 정의될 수 있으며, 디자인 요인은 물리적 요인, 구조적 요인, 심리적 요인으로 구분해 볼 수 있다. 감각적 자극을 위한 물리적 요인은 비주얼 아날로지나 비주얼 펀의 개념으로 시각적 조작을 통한 흥미요소 표현과, 멀티미디어와 동적요소의 적용으로 가능하다. 잉여성표현에 의한 구조적 요인은 스토리텔링이나 이벤트, 인터랙션의 활용으로 정보이해과정에서 상상력을 발휘케 하는 것이다. 심리적 요인은 사용자에게 심리적 만족을 주는 것으로 유머나 놀이, 게임과 같은 오락적 흥미를 통해 플로우 상태를 경험하는 것이다. 결국 인포테인먼트는 그 속성에 부합될 수 있는 디자인 요인들이 복합적으로 연계될 때와, 전달하려는 정보의 특성과 목적에 잘 맞을 때 적용될 수 있는 개념이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.336-349
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of consumption vision related to the apparel buying decision-making. They propose that consumers form mental images of future consumption situations and that these consumption visions influence their decision-making. Consumers can imagine themselves consuming apparel products and experiencing the consequences of this consumption. By imagining the likely outcomes, they are able to identify the salient characteristics of each alternative and develop beliefs about their outcomes. Also, they can experience affective reactions to the outcomes they imagines. In this way, they form the cognitive and affective basis for their preferences and construct several consumption visions in the apparel buying decision-making. A consumption vision is "a visual image of certain product-related behaviors and their consequences....(they consisted of concrete and vivid mental images that enable consumers to vicariously experience the self-relevant consequences of product use"(Walker & Olson, 1994). We conducted unstructured, depth interviews with 9 groups participating 48 students at universities located in Busan, based on the results of previous studies. The results show that consumption visions related to the apparel buying decision-making are characterized as self-image, reactions of others, affection and mood, visual imagine, and self-satisfaction. By constructing consumption visions based on the various perspectives, consumers are influenced in the apparel buying decision-making. Many subjects reported experiencing positive affect when imagining positive outcomes of product use. Other subjects mentioned using consumption visions for purely hedonic reasons. With no intention of purchasing apparel products, consumers may evoke consumption visions to escape from the daily life, to fantasize and daydream about pleasurable consumption situations, and to enhance the mood. That is, the consumption vision related to the apparel buying decision-making helps consumers anticipate an uncertain future and make the purchase of apparel products.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.303-328
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• 2009

In this study, we developed the teaching methods using manipulative materials to teach regular polytopes, and applied these to first-year student of middle school who is attending the extra math class. In that class, we focused on the change of the mathematical representations -especially verval, visual and symbolic representations- and mathematical behavioral. By analyzing characterstics the students' work sheets, we obtained affirmative results as follows. First, manipulative materials played an important role on drawing a development figure of regular polyhtopes describing the verval representation definition of regular polytopes. Second, classes utilizing manipulative materials changed students verbalism level of representations the definition of regular polytopes. For example, in the first class about 60% of students are in the $0{\sim}2$ vervalism level, but in the third class, about 65% of students are in the $6{\sim}7$ level. Third, classes utilizing manipulative materials improved visual representation about development figure. After experiences making several development figures about regular octahedron directly, and discussion, students found out key points to be considered for draws development figure and this helped to draw development figures about other regular polytopes. Fourth, students were unaccustomed to make symbolic representations of regular polytopes. But, they obtained same improvement in symbolic representations, so in fifth the class some students try to make symbol about something in common of whole regular polytopes. Fifth, after the classes, we have significant differences in the students, especially behavioral characteristics in II items such as mind that want to study own fitness, interest, attachment, spirit of inquiry, continuously mathematics posthumously. This means that classes using manipulative materials. Specially, 'mind that want to study mathematics continuously' showed the biggest difference, and it may give positive influence to inculcates mathematics studying volition while suitable practical use of manipulative materials. To conclude, classes using manipulative materials may help students enhance the verbal, visual representation, and gestates symbol representation. Also, the class using manipulative materials may give positive influence in some part of mathematical behavioral characteristic. Therefore, if we use manipulative materials properly in the class, we have more positive effects on the students cognitive perspect and behavioral cteristics.