• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2015

This paper presents an efficient image fusion method to be appropriate for the KOMPSAT-2 and 3 satellites. The proposed method is based on the well-established component substitution (CS) approach. The proposed method is divided into two parts: 1) The first step is to create a intensity image by the weighted-averaging operation of a multi-spectral (MS) image and 2) the second step is to produce an optimal high-frequency image using the statistical properties of the original MS and panchromatic (PAN) images. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in both quantitative and visual analysis. Quantitative assessments are performed by using the relative global dimensional synthesis error (Spatial and Spectral ERGAS), the image quality index (Q4), and the spectral angle mapper index (SAM). The qualitative and quantitative assessment results show that the fusion performance of the proposed method is improved in both the spectral and spatial qualities when it is compared with previous CS-based fusion methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5990-6008
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• 2019

Recognizing license plate from its traffic camera captured images is one of the most important aspects in many traffic management systems. Despite many sophisticated license plate recognition related algorithms available online, license plate recognition is still a hot research issue because license plates in each country all round the world lack of uniform format and their camera captured images are often affected by multiple adverse factors, such as low resolution, poor illumination effects, installation problem etc. A novel method is proposed in this paper to solve the inclination problem of license plates in their camera captured images through four parts: Firstly, special edge pixels of license plate are chosen to represent main information of license plates. Secondly, least square methods are used to compute the inclined angle of license plates. Then, coordinate rotation methods are used to rotate the license plate. At last, bilinear interpolation methods are used to improve the performance of license plate rotation. Several experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method can solve the inclination problem about license plate in visual aspect and can improve the recognition rate when used as the image preprocessing method.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

We have studied the astigmatism according to the bevel position and the tilting(pantoscopic) angle of decentered spectacle lens for prism prescription. For prism prescription, generally we make a general spectacle lens into decentered spectacle lens. At this time the bevel position of decentered lens is a important matter, because the difference between optic axis and visual axis occur aberrations. Using the calculation we find that the case that the axis of bevel rotation band passes the front curvature center of (+) lens has a smaller astigmatism than the case that the axis of bevel rotation band passes the rear curvature center of (+) lens and that the case that the axis of bevel rotation band passes the rear curvature center of (-) lens has a smaller astigmatism than the case that the axis of bevel rotation band passes the front curvature center of (-) lens. We find the lens with higher refraction index has a smaller astigmatism.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot positions using K A T 2000 (Berg, Inc, vista, CA.1994). Thirty (male 15, female 15) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were tested at a one leg position or a two leg position that were toe-in $25^{\circ}$, toe-out $25^{\circ}$, and $45^{\circ}$. The starting position was where the subject crossed their arms across the chest and flexed knees slightily. The results of each test were displayed on a screen in a score format, which indicated balance index. These collected data were analyzed by using one way ANOVA, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: When changing the angle of the foot in the one-foot and two-foot standing positions, there was no statistically significant difference, but the balance performance with the foot rotated by $25^{\circ}$ was better than that with the foot rotated by $45^{\circ}$. When changing the direction of the foot in the one-foot and two-foot standing positions, there was no statistically significant difference, but the balance performance with the foot rotated laterally was better - except for the case when the foot was medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ in the right-foot static standing position. When the feet were medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ in the two-foot static standing position, and were medially rotated by $25^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ in the one-foot static standing position, the balance performance of females was better than that of males. In this study, it was found that the balance performance of the subjects changed when the position of the foot was shifted on an unstable base of support. However, there was little correlation between balance performance and the height, weight and foot length of the subjects. It is necessary to conduct a follow-up study targeting various age groups and those with various diseases using an unstable platform or applying different physical or visual conditions, such as the length of the legs. Physical therapists need to consider the position of the foot in clinical settings for a better balance training or assessment.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the symbolic meaning of pattern designs attached on the main building of Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government (CPG). While most of researches mainly focused on the value and evaulation of the CPG building in terms of architectural history, relatively little insight has been gained on the symbolic meaning and mature of the pattern designs. What king of connections are related between the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun(Korea) and those of CPG? What symbolic meanings are engraved on the pattern designs? The researcher then took up the task of elucidating symbolic meanings of patterns and their relation to the building. The existing pattern of the outer wall of the CPG building consists of the symbol of sun(太陽輪), mums(菊花輪), and angle of stairs(雁大角). According to the Japanese Studies of emblems, these visual elements symbolize 'the sun of Japan'((日の丸) or 'the emperor', 'the royal family', and 'rays of the sun'. Based on these preliminary findings, the researcher considered the following in-depth connections: (1) relations with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun, (2) relations with the emblems of local autonomous entity, Kyoungsung in Chosun. (3) relations with the emblem designs of the local provinces in Japan etc. In conclusion, patterns of the main building were not just an architectural decoration, but they had significant meanings utilizing design elements and methods adopted by local autonomous entities in Japan, The patterns found at the ceilling and floor of hall in the CPG building were associated with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun. Therefore, all the patterns of the CPG building are powerful symbols that have meanings for the colonial rule by using the shape and method of city identities that Japanese local provinces had enacted. That is, it came out into the open that they were designed for special meanings that Korean and Japanese are united as a single body(內鮮一體) for a subject of the Emperor of Japan(皇國臣民).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.221-231
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this report is to examine the effects of direct moxibustion in the Low back pain patient. Methods : Clinical studies were done 30 patients who were treated with low back pain to Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, of Oriental Medical Sang-Ji University from September 1, 2003 to August 31, 2004. We treated them by Oriental medical therapy(including direct moxibustion)for 10 days. The evaluation was performed five times(admission day, before and after each twice). Results : 1. VAS was decreased after direct moxibustion for 10 days significantly(p<0.01). 2. After direct moxibustion, S.L.R. T angle of patients were increased. ConclUsions : We brought to the conclusion that direct moxibustion has possibility to the efficient to cure the Low back pain. So we suggest the possibility to use this treatment for Low back pain.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a vision and depth information based real-time hand gesture interface method using finger joint estimation. For this, the areas of left and right hands are segmented after mapping of the visual image and depth information image, and labeling and boundary noise removal is performed. Then, the centroid point and rotation angle of each hand area are calculated. Afterwards, a circle is expanded at following pattern from a centroid point of the hand to detect joint points and end points of the finger by obtaining the midway points of the hand boundary crossing and the hand model is recognized. Experimental results that our method enabled fingertip distinction and recognized various hand gestures fast and accurately. As a result of the experiment on various hand poses with the hidden fingers using both hands, the accuracy showed over 90% and the performance indicated over 25 fps. The proposed method can be used as a without contacts input interface in HCI control, education, and game applications.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.37-60
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between masseter and cervical muscle activity and temporomandibular disorder in female office workers. Methods : Experimental group of 24 healthy subjects complained of temporomandibular joint related to computer use which lasted more than 3 months in the past year and was present in the past 7 days as well as on the day of test. Control group of 20 healthy subjects had no complaints of minimal discomfort on the day of test, and had no discomfort in the past 7 days. If they had reported discomfort in the past 12 months, it was of a short duration(<3 months) and resolved at least 3 months prior to participation. Outcomes were assessed by meridian-electromyography(MEMG), whole spin x-ray, mandibular function impairment questionnaire(MFIQ), neck disability index(NDI), visual analog scale(VAS), Beck depression inventory(BDI), stress reaction inventory(SRI) and Holmes & Rahe social readjustment rating scale(SRRS). Results : The contraction power of masseter muscle, upper trapezius, sternocleido-mastoid muscle and erector spinae by MEMG was significantly higher in the experimental group. The muscle fatigue of masseter muscle and sternodeido-mastoid muscle by MEMG was significantly higher in the experimental group. SRI was significantly higher in experimental group. There was no significant difference between two groups in the Jackson's angle, Cobb's method and cranio-cervical posture. Conclusions : The results suggest that temporomandibular disorder related mental stress but physical stress does not change cervical structure significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 1985

^x The enviroment defines the living conditions for people and has at the same time the possibility to create new environment. In Korea, where the rate of urbanization reached more than 50% in 1970′s the priority has been put on the economic development and administrative function. Under the circumstance, visual environmental field was dealt lightly and it resulted in undesirable environment. The techniques of Mordern Arts (Montage, Depeysment, Tromp L′oeil, P.O.P Art, etc.) helped Super Graphics appear in the urban areas. Environmental Art has been expended into the public space and people came to recognize the Arts as the "Street Art" or "Street as Gallery". Super Graphics has four types 1) Resident′s Super Graphics ; Minority groups came to maintain social equality and rights, in cooperation with each other. Such maintenance required general urbanites to form communities which gave birth to the community art, Mural Painting. 2) Environmental Super Graphics ; Beauty has come to be stressed in order to improve the quality of urban lives in the course of inescapable urban development. Instead of renewal of all established construction conservation oriented renewal was encouraged. 3) Super Graphics as Population Arts ; In the 1960′s artists repulsed the establishments in an efforts to open new phase independent from the expressional in the arts. They recognized the relationship between painting, society and the public in different angle and tried to describe all living space on canvas. 4) Super Graphics as Advertisement ; Super Graphics functions as efficient media to deliver images to the urbanites. Super Graphics as media plays the role for political propaganda and commercial advertisements according to their purposes. In Korea, especially, it is required to introduce the environmental Super Graphics. But it is desirable to introduce Super Graphics with Korean culture and sense of beauty. Designers themselves are also required to have responsibility to improve the quality of urban culture.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2008

Background: Traction has often been utilized to treat patients with a herniated lumbar disc. Currently, the most advanced type of traction therapy is non-surgical spinal decompression. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of decompression therapy in patients with a herniated lumbar disc based on clinical findings and symptoms. Methods: Sixty patients with herniated lumbar discs were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, a decompression group (n = 30) and a traction group (n = 30). To evaluate the impact of decompression and traction therapy on the herniated disc, the clinical symptoms for each group were evaluated prior to and after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS), straight leg raising (SLR), the herniation index, and the disc height. Results: The VAS score was significantly lower in the decompression group ($2.0{\pm}0.2$) than the traction group ($3.9{\pm}0.2$) following treatment. In addition, the SLR angle was significantly higher in the decompression group ($79{\pm}1.5$) than the traction group ($63.3{\pm}1.9$). The herniation index was significantly lower in the decompression group ($217.6{\pm}19.1$) than the traction group ($259.5{\pm}16.4$). Finally, the disc height was not significant differences between pre-treatment and follow-up in two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that decompression therapy for the treatment of patients suffering from a herniated lumbar disc has an effect on the pain, SLR, and herniation indices, not disc heights.