• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 2013

Purposes of this study were to explore the process of experience that science teachers go through when participating in peer coaching meetings to improve teaching ability and to find out factors that affect each process of experience. The data were collected through recording of peer coaching meetings, videotapes of science class, and interviews. All the data were analyzed after transcription. The results of the study showed that even though Teacher K broke the ice and formed consensus among the peers by developing Content Representation (CoRe) at the beginning of the meetings, he became self-defensive rather than receptive of peers' opinions on the recorded class at the discussion session. But as the peer coaching went on, he realized that peer coaching was not about evaluation but rather on improving his teaching ability. In turn, he was able to look at his teaching in a more objective point of view and accepted suggestions from peer coaching discussion. The self-reflection of Teacher K acted as the key factor in the efforts to improve his teaching ability. He sought the concrete alternatives through the class analysis with fellow teachers and showed major changes in his teaching practice from the language habits, pronunciation, and speed of his speech to the interaction with students and class design. However, there was little change in knowledge of curriculum and assessment due to his strong orientation to improve students' grades as an academic high school teacher. Likewise, it was found that while peer coaching exert a strong influence on instructional methods and strategies of Teacher K, his strong orientation to improve students' grades hinders a balanced development of subcomponents of PCK.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2020

Sesame is typically a temperature- and day length-sensitive plant, as its flowering is promoted under high temperature and shorter day length conditions. The experiment carried out in the present study revealed that day length influenced sesame flowering to a much greater extent than temperature. The degree of day length influence differed depending on the sesame variety. Days from sowing to flowering was negatively correlated with yield-related characteristics such as stem length, capsule number per plant, 1,000 seed weight, and seed weight per 10a. In cases where the period from sowing to flowering was longer and flowering date was later, the reproductive growth period was shorter during maturity. Analysis of the effects of temperature and day length on seed yield production revealed that temperature was a much more influential factor than day length. However, day length was more influential than temperature under low temperatures, such as 22℃. All varieties apart from Ansan were shown to be primarily influenced by temperature. Sesame varieties were grouped in view of optimal seed sowing time through principal components analysis. The Poongsung and Sungboon varieties favored early sowing under low temperatures and short day lengths. The DT45, Poongsung, 90 days, Ansan, and Sungboon varieties favored late sowing under high temperatures and long day lengths. The Yangbaek and Arum varieties could be sown both early and late.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the image of dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 396 patients and their caregivers who visited 14 dental hospitals and dentists' offices in and around Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. The people investigated gave a mean of 4.0 to the image of dental hygienists. Dental hygienists rated highest in terms of looking neat and tidy(4.33), and were given the lowest marks in arbitrary job performance(3.46). 2. There appeared four different types of dental hygienist images, which made a 59.824 prediction of the image of dental hygienists in general. A typical image(4.11) was most dominant, followed by professional one(4.07), personal one(4.01) and social one(3.73). 3. The relations between the general characteristics of the respondents and their image of dental hygienists could be described as below: 1) By age, those who were in their 60s(4.12) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the teenagers(3.90) had the worst image of them. 2) By gender, the men(4.05) looked at dental hygienists more positively than the women(3.96). They had a significantly different opinion on the social image of dental hygienists according to gender(pE0.05). 3) By marital status, the married people(4.00) had a better image of dental hygienists than the unmarried ones(3.95). 4) As for the influence of the type of dental institutions, they had a more favorable image of dental hygienists in dentists' offices(4.13) than in dental hospitals(3.88). There was a broad significant difference in the way they looked at the professional and personal images of dental hygienists according to the type of dental institutions(pE0.001). 5) As to the impact of educational level, those who received community-college or higher education(4.01) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who received middle-school or lower education(3.91) had the worst image of them. 6) By occupation, the government workers and students(4.07) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the company employees(3.90) had the worst image of them. They took a significantly different view of the social image of dental hygienists according to occupation(pE0.05). 7) Concerning the impact of the frequency of receiving dental treatment, the respondents who had received it seven times or more(4.16) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who hadn't(3.79) the worst image of them. There was a wide significant gap according to that frequency. The way they looked at the typical, social and professional images of dental hygienists was quite different significantly according to that frequency as well(pE0.001). 8) As for the influence of whether they were accompanied by caregivers or not, the people who weren't accompanied by caregivers(3.99) had a better image of dental hygienists than those who were(3.97).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.317-326
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• 2009

Objectives : This study investigated the correlation between the incidence by the climate of the day and the Stems and Branches(干支) of stroke patients. Methods : From January in 2000 to March in 2008, we studied 370 stroke patients hospitalized at Dongguk University Bundang Hospital. Each participant was investigated for the day's average temperature, the day's average air humidity, the day's average wind speed, and the day's Stems and Branches (干支) in oriental medical theory. Results: Concerning the day's average temperature, the group at a temperature under 18 $^{\circ}C$ had the highest risk. For the day's average air humidity, the group at over 60 % humidity showed a higher ratio of stroke. In respect of the day's average wind speed, the group at speeds under 2.26 $^m/s^2$ (the last 5 years average wind speed in Gyeonggi-do) had a higher risk. In the aspect of Stems and Branches (干支), stroke occurred more in Yin day(陰日) than in Yang day(陽日). In the view of the Five Circuits (五運), the Wood (木) was most common followed by Fire(火). Using the relation between Stems and Branches (干支), the mutuality cooperate pattern was more common than the mutuality control group and same characteristic group. Using the Theory of Five Circuits (五運) and Six Qi (六氣), the Fire group (火) showed the highest risk. The Wood group (木) came next. Conclusions : We could suggest that stroke attack might have some significant relationship with climate, stems, and branches in oriental medical theory.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.2349-2371
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• 1971

1. The historical development of the agriculture in Korea is observed and the future of Korean agriculture is suggested with present situation in order to recommend a direction of policy in agricultural mechanization. 2. A factor analysis of agricultural mechanization The needs of agricultural mechanization in the view of both national need and the armer's desire under the present situation are analyzed with data from the various sources. The researcher found that the agricultural mechanization is badly needed to develop prospective Korean agriculture to future. 3. The direction of agricultural mechanization. It can be said that the position of agriculture in the national economy plays a very important role. This importance should not be ignored by the Politicians in their process of developing long range economy plan. The agricultural mechanization for the modernized Korean agriculture should be directed to increase the most effective results with minimize the least sacrifice. The merry tiller is recommended to the main agricultural machinery in Korea in order to meet its small farming operation un-its(or farm size). Tractor is recommended in the plain area for the crop cultivation. The cooperative cultivation for rice and the upland crops will be developed in the plain area. Tractor, therefore, is recommended for the main agricultural machinery in these areas. Either tractor or merry tiller is recommended to the orchard area by its operating size of the orchard. The researcher also disoussed about the development of animal husbandry on the farm with increasing the farm size in order to develop meadow and pasture nuder the consideration of both the improvement of food consumption and the comprehensive development of national resources. 4. Relationship between the Performance of various agricultural machinery and the economic scale. Because of the agricultural machinery needs an expensive fixed expense(fixed cost) the total expense Per ha of the fixed expense and the operation expense should less than the traditional expense Per Dan Bo with in creased corpgiclds Per Dan Bo. Since the anual fixed expense of the agricultural machinery is figured out by the durability the more the farm size the less fixed expense of machinery is required. The formula of this principle is as follows; fixed expense for Dan Bo=Fixed expense of agricultural machinery farm size(or farming scale) The breaking-even point is the balance point between the expense of the using agricultural machinery and the traditional farming expenses. Labor cost of the Dan Bo is increasing when the management scale increases by the tradititional farming while the machanized management decrease the management cost Per Dan Bo. The reseracher found that the distribution of agricultural machinery will be the adeventeous after the year of 1981 by the result of frguring out the breaking-even point. 5. The Investigate and the conclusion. The purpose of this study is found out the direction of agricultural machanization and the breaking-even point of various agricultural machinery, there for is found out effective of the using various agricultural machinery for Collection cutter, Binder, Footing thresser, Semi-power thresser, Power thresser, Combine, Power rice-Trans-Planter, etc.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.15-36
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• 2005

This study is concerned with selling alliance in the internet shopping services, which is generally used by portal sites in recent and that is a typical form of strategic alliance. This study tried to find the relationship between. consumer's attitude and alliance performance. The authors investigated them in the field. then searched the reasons and determinants of selling alliance performance. As a result of field investigation, the authors found that the traffic of the portal site was not proportionated to the sales of internet shopping mall and this was not consistent with general expectation, With the analysis of it, the authors found that attitudes to the sites (brands) allianced in On-line and recognition of fitting between them had influenced positively on the attitude and purchase intention to alliance services. Moreover, unlike the attitude to the portal sites, the attitude to the internet shopping mall had positively influenced directly on the purchase intention. The other hand. from the view of influence power on the attitude to the allianced shopping service, the recognition of fitting between the sites was the factor which had the least effect of all factors. Compared with Off-line, this is interesting aspect of On-line. So in the On-line selling alliance, be careful of consideration for not only prior attitudes to the partners(portal and shopping mall) but also the fitness between them and make it in the mind that the attitude to shopping mall has greater influence upon the purchase intention than that to portal site.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.25-42
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• 2010

This research aims to understand how students of technical high schools view 'engineering' as well as to identify the main elements that contribute to the perception on 'engineering.' The research targets are 695 senior students of technical high schools nationwide. The researcher developed the measuring tool for the experiment by referencing the adjective value criteria utilized in the semantic difference method developed by Osgood (1957). There were a grand total of 30 criteria following the preliminary studies. The results of the research are as follows. Firstly, the average value of the overall perception of technical high school students on 'engineering' is 4.27 points. This value just exceeds the standard (4 points). Secondly, when examining the general tendency it can be noticed that there is a sense of stigma that although 'engineering' is significant and valuable it is a field that is overly difficult, complex and even dangerous. Thirdly, 6 main elements that influence the perception on 'engineering' were extracted as results of the factor analysis. The first element is practicality; the second element is emotions; the third element is aesthetics; the fourth is simplicity; the fifth is responsibility; and finally the sixth element is assertiveness. Fourthly, when comparing the average values of the perception on 'engineering' by region, it was seen that there existed a difference on the perception towards 'engineering' based on differing regions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.653-674
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• 1995

This study was aimed at comparing the dietary patterns of university female students according to their residence type. As for subjects, one hundred and twenty students of Kongju national university were chosen as a total. They were devided into three groups ; those who live in family home, or university dormitory, or self-boarding house. In this study, intakes of food and nutrient and dietary behaviors of each group were investigated through two-day food records and questionnaire. The result was that mean daily intakes of calcium and iron were lower than RDAs in all groups. According to residence type, subjects of family home and self-boarding seemed to have more serious problem in the nutrients mentioned above considering the proportions of less than 2/3 of RDAs. Especially, iron status was poorer than any other nutrients in the aspects of this proportion and food source. Iron was taken largely from vegetable foods which were recognized as a source of low bioavailability of iron. The average distribution ratios of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack to total calorie intake was 22, 29, 30 and 19. Thus, it proved that breakfast tended to be more negligent than any other meals, and that snack was an important means to give nutrients for subjects. This meal pattern might be one of the factor for the decrease of the dietary quality. Processed foods were founded to be an important source for providing nutrients. Percentages of calorie, carbohydrate and fat consumed by processed foods to total nutrients. Percentages of calorie, carbohydrate and fat consumed by processed foods to total nutrients intake were 30.6, 29.5 and 46.2. However, other nutrient intakes from processed foods such as vitamin and mineral were small. And processed foods which give nutrients were mainly cereal products like ra myon, bread, and milk and milk products. Consequently, processed foods seemed to be selected as a combinient substitute food which supply calorie to fill their hunger. According to the living type, dormitory students had them more frequently than any other groups. Food habit score was within the category of poor or fair. Particularly, the score of self-boarding students was the lowest of groups(p<0.05). The major dietary problems were small or overating, missing meal and irregular eating. The degree of these problems was a little different among groups(P<0.01). Nineteen kinds of food were consumed per day, and family home and self-boarding students had foods less variously than dormitory students(P<0.05). Proportions of skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner were 20.8, 12.5 and 8.3%. Accordingly, breakfast was missed more often than any other meals. And self-boarding students missed breakfast more often than any other groups. As a conclusion, subjects should take more calcium and iron, and eat diverse foods to improve their nutritional status. And it is also necessary that breakfast should be regarded more importantly, and that processed foods should be taken considering nutritional balance. In view of residence type, subjects of family home or self-boarding had more dietary problems than dormitory subjects. Thus, these results suggest that university female students might have low ability of meal management, and dietary patterns were different by their residence type. Therefore, nutrition education for them should be carried out with respect to dewelling environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate urban parks and green spaces within the public service framework by identifying priority elements. This study surveyed 455 residents from 80 dongs(neighborhoods), of 5 Gu(districts) districts in Daejeon. The results were as follows. Regarding the evaluation of urban parks as a public service, the average survey score, of all 46 questions, was distributed from 2.46 to 3.54(Likert 5 point scale). Interesting findings can be observed in that most of the survey participants gave high scores to Daejon's natural green environments and geographical traits. That is, Daejon residents perceived their urban nature spaces as a natural geographical environment rather than a public service provided by their local government. Therefore, it seems necessary for the local government, by and large, to improve urban parks and urban green space programs. The low scoring items were 'citizen's participation'(mean 2.46), 'acceptance of complaints, comments, and improvement proposals'(mean 2.54), 'citizen's respect', 'inclusive design' (for the physically challenged-mean 2.55), 'diverse programs and activities in the urban park'(mean 2.55) and 'implementation of revision proposals by citizens'(mean 2.61). These results indicate that citizen participation in planning and opinion sharing is needed to build public services that are satisfactory to users. To evaluate the park and green space from the viewpoint of public services is a useful method with a new point of view. In accordance with this study, the factor of 'supply decision maker' is a statistically meaningful variable of resident satisfaction while earlier studies on the satisfaction studies of physical environment, hardly discovered variables on 'supply decision maker', 'acceptance of resident opinions', and 'information usage'. Responding to or taking positive action according to significant factors, such as the findings of this study, can expand the role of public officials to exert a more positive influence on urban parks and green spaces.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1609-1622
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• 2009

In wireless sensor networks, a clustering protocol is an efficient method to prolong network lifetime. In general, it results in more energy consumption at the cluster-head node. Hence, such a protocol must changes the cluster formation and cluster-head node in each round to prolong the network lifetime. But, this method also causes large amount of energy consumption during the set-up process of cluster formation. In order to improve energy efficiency, in this paper, we propose a new clustering algorithm. In this algorithm, we exclude duplicated data of adjacent nodes and transmits the threshold value. We define a group as the sensor nodes within close proximity of each other. In a group, a node senses and transmits data at a time on the round-robin basis. In a view of whole network, group is treated as one node. During the setup phase of a round, intra clusters are formed first and then they are re-clustered(network cluster) by choosing cluster-heads(group). In the group with a cluster-head, every member node plays the role of cluster-head on the round-robin basis. Hence, we can lengthen periodic round by a factor of group size. As a result of analysis and comparison, our scheme reduces energy consumption of nodes, and improve the efficiency of communications in sensor networks compared with current clustering methods.