• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 2015

Water inrush and mud outburst always restricts the tunnel constructions in mountain area, which becomes a major geological barrier against the development of underground engineering. In view of the complex disaster-causing mechanism and difficult quantitative predictions of water inrush and mud outburst, several theoretical methods are adopted to realize dynamic assessment of water inrush in the progressive process of tunnel construction. Concerning both the geological condition and construction situation, eleven risk factors are quantitatively described and an assessment system is developed to evaluate the water inrush risk. In the static assessment, the weights of eight risk factors about the geological condition are determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Each factor is scored by experts and the synthesis scores are weighted. The risk level is ultimately determined based on the scoring outcome which is derived from the sum of products of weights and comprehensive scores. In the secondary assessment, the eight risk factors in static assessment and three factors about construction situation are quantitatively analyzed using fuzzy evaluation method. Subordinate levels and weight of factors are prepared and then used to calculate the comprehensive subordinate degree and risk level. In the dynamic assessment, the classical field of the eleven risk factors is normalized by using the extension evaluation method. From the input of the matter-element, weights of risk factors are determined and correlation analysis is carried out to determine the risk level. This system has been applied to the dynamic assessment of water inrush during construction of the Yuanliangshan tunnel of Yuhuai Railway. The assessment results are consistent with the actual excavation, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the software. The developed system is believed capable to be back-up and applied for risk assessment of water inrush in the underground engineering construction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

The corporate R&D(Research and Development) has a primary role of new product development and its potential is the most crucial factor to estimate corporate future value. However, its systemic inadequacies and inefficiencies, the shorten product life-cycle to satisfy customer needs, the global operations by outsourcing strategy, and the reduction of product cost, are starting to expose to R&D business processes. The three-phased execution strategy for R&D innovation is introduced to establish master plan for new R&D model. From information technology point of view, PLM(Product Life-cycle Management) is one of the business total solutions in product development area. It is not a system, but the strategic business approach that collaboratively manage the product from beginning stage to end of life in all business areas PLM functions and capabilities are usually used as references to re-design new R&D process. BPA(Business Process Assessment) and 5DP(Design Parameters) in PI6sigma developed by Samsung SDS Consulting division are introduced to establish R&D master plan and re-design process respectively. This research provides a case study for R&D process innovation. How process assessment and PMM(Process Maturity Model) can be applied in business processes, and also it explains process re-design by 5DP method.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1965

Ship designers make every efforts to get faster ships in accordance with the development of the Naval Architecture. But for the speed lying over factor length ratio 2.5-3.0, we could put a powerful engine into the conventional round bottom displacement type vessels, but it is very difficult in view point of economy, weight and volume. The principal cause of these speed obstacles is the wave making resistance and researchers are trying to decrease this resistance. One of the resolving ways, planing hulls were applied to small high boats. Planing hull's advantage is not restricted to speed, but the workmanship of the planing hull is easier than those of displacement type vessels of round bottom. Planing hull, therefore, are widely applicable to the intermediate speed boats, which don't have enough high speed to take planing advantage, as well as high speed boats. We will discuss related phenomena of the planing hull in details and this paper we particularly interested in the interjection point(speed length ratio 3.0-3.5 by Mr. D. De Groots) between semi-planing and full planing hulls on the resistance characteristic curve. The paper by Prof. Keuck Chun Kim, "Some Characteristics of Straight Framed V-bottom Hull Forms", Journal of the society of Naval Architects of Korea, Vol.1, No.1, Dec.5, 1964, is referred to the V-bottom hull forms belonging to low speed region and determines practical applicable limit of the speed length ratio combined with construction costs, under which are still used by large commercial vessels. This is the interesting contrast between his and authors. We will further discuss the speed length ratio which is considered as a beginning point to planing effect. For this analysis, we choose 3 model ships: Model (1) and (2) have the same principal dimensions, model 3 varied dimension. Model (1) is full-planing hull, (2) is semi-planing hull and (3) is complete planing hull. They are aimed to collect proper design data for purposed ships.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2014

Microblog is emerging as a new communication service because of its usefulness and real-time accessability. Recently, microblog services, such as twitter and me2day in Korea, are getting a great attention. Continuous use intention is critical to sustain the service. However, most recent studies are based on Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) and Expectation Confirmation Model(ECM). These models are only focused on individual factors and overlook social influence factors. Social influence has been indicated as a critical factor of technology adoption and diffusion in social context(Davis, 1989; Fulk et al., 1987). In this study, we explore factors related to social influence which effect on continuous use intention for 'me2day' that is one of the most famous microblog in Korea. The purpose of this study is to understand continuous use intention and examine the relationship among social influence factors, social presence, and continuous use intention. To understand the phenomenon of continuous use intention in microblog service, this study employed social influence theory and expanded it by adding personal network exposure and group norm as additional social influence factors. The results show that social identity, group norms, and social presence positively influences continuous use intention. Contrary to our expectation, personal network exposure does not influence on continuous use intention. Academically, this research can contribute to microblog research field through elucidating the relationship among social influence factors, social presence, and continuous use intention. Although there is not enough research which is considered social influence factors as major explanation for continuous use intention, this study can give novel point of view to understand continuous use intention of microblog. Practically, service providers could consider ways to encourage users to continually use microblog service by reinforcing social influence factors and social presence.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.243-268
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• 2007

It is critical to manage risks to complete IS(Information Systems) projects successfully. Identifying risk factors would be the first step for the project risk management. Previous research has discussed the issue with various points of view, such as different risk factors based on project types and roles involved in their projects. This paper empirically explored how people perceive different risk factors by project development methodology, between self-developing IS using programming language like C, Visual Basic and adapting software package already developed by software venders like ERP, CRM packages. There are researches regarding project risk factors for project management in the several point of views. And there are also researches regarding comparison between self-developing and adapting software packages methodology in IS project. However, there are no study on project risk factors comparison between self-developing IS using programming language and adapting software packages already developed by software venders in IS project. This research can be differentiated from previous ones, because it was considered both point of project risk management and development methodology in IS project. This research results implied meaningful messages to enterprise company to be planned IS projects and people who involved in IS projects. They should consider and need to prepare differently according to each development methodology for preventing project risks. It makes them reduce project risks in each case and complete successfully IS projects. Especially, if they have no experiences for implementing software packages, they can forecast the project risks and prepare them in advance.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.15
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

Many of the universities in Korea recently is changing the school policy oriented from the supply approach to the demand as the case of business companies. Customer orientation is the key point of the customer satisfaction. But there are few studies focused on the satisfaction of students as a customer. In this paper, we studied the components of satisfaction in university life, the factors affecting on the satisfaction of students, and the relationship among them. The principal components of satisfaction in university life are services related to the activities of students, the utilization of welfare facilities, curriculum, the adminstration on students, and the department office. Factors affecting on the satisfaction of students are expectation, pride, self evaluation on learning, and special activities. Demographic variables, for example, sex, grade, colleges, and so on are also important factors. We also found the fact that the pride was the most important factor, and it gives positive drive on the satisfaction of students in university life. It gives us the important implication to the school policy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.17.1-17.7
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• 2018

Background: Bisphosphonate (BP) has the ability to thicken the cortical bone. In addition, it has been reported that the cortical bone thickened by BP has relation to the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the ratio as well as thickness of cortical bone in the mandible using computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate it as the predictive factor of MRONJ. Methods: The thickness of the cortical bone was measured on a paraxial view of the CT showing the mental foramen in 95 patients: 33 patients with MRONJ (3 males, 30 females), 30 patients taking BP without MRONJ (2 males, 28 females), and 32 controls (9 males, 28 females). Also, the ratios of the cortical bone to the total bone were obtained using the measured values. Based on these results, we compared the difference of mandibular cortical bone ratio between the three groups. Results: The average cortical bone thickness was measured as 3.81 mm in patients with MRONJ, 3.39 mm in patients taking BP without MRONJ, and 3.23 mm in controls. There was only a significant difference between patients with MRONJ and controls (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the average mandibular cortical bone ratio was measured as 37.9% in patients with MRONJ, 27.9% in patients taking BP without MRONJ, and 23.3% in controls. There was a significant difference between all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The mandibular cortical bone ratio is large in order of patients with MRONJ, patients taking BP without MRONJ, and controls. This result suggests that the mandibular cortical bone ratio would be very useful to predict the development of MRONJ.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.414-425
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify hospital nurses' recognition of the team system and the effectiveness of the team system as an organizational structure. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 247 general hospital nurses during 4 months in 2013. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and factor analysis with SPSS 18.0. program Results: There was no significant difference in nurses' recognition of team structure (t=2.06, p=.153) or effect of team structure (t=0.36, p=.549) according to use of team system. In hospitals with a team system, there were positive correlations between recognition of the effect of the team system and age (r=.25, p=.033), and total clinical career (r=.26, p=.012). In hospitals not using a team system, nurses' recognition of team structure as an organizational system (r=.31, p<.001), nurses' recognition of team structure, total (r=.30 p<.001) correlated significantly with the effects of team system. Conclusion: Results of this study provide a retrospection view of the team system in nursing organizational systems. The nursing team system's ultimate goal needs to be confirmed for complementary nursing care. Also, more studies on nurses' perceptions of, and effectiveness of the team system are necessary.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.187-196
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• 1996

Alcohol is a major risk factor for several diseases and especially excessive, long-term alcohol consumption are caues the damage of immunity such as the inhibiton of secretion of lymphokine and proliferation of immune component cell. This study observed that the inhibition of T lymphocytic differentiation and secretion of interleukin 2(IL-2) induced in thymus of ICR mouse by chronic alcohol administration. After 8% alcohol voluntary administered for 120 days, the thymic tissue immunohistochemically stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly-2(CD8), and IL-2 receptor(CD25R) after embedding with paraffin. The results were as follows. 1. The size of thymic medulla in test group reduced than control group. 2. The number of helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and IL-2 receptor were decreased in thymic medulla and cortico-medullary junction of test group and the degree of CD4, CD8, and CD25R positive reaction were soften in test group. These results indicated that the secretion of IL-2 in thymus was inhibited by chronic alcohol administration and subsequently prevent to differentiate from thymocytes to T lymphocytes. As this view, cell mediated immunity were reduced by chronic alcohol administration.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.79-95
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• 1996

When we see normal gait, gait cycle is seperated as stance phase and swing phase. It needs 6 determinant of gait of pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee joint of stance phase, ankle and foot motion, ankle and knee motion, and pelvic movement to be accomplished. In addition, a joint and muscle action is accomplished biomechanically at the same time with its gait cycle. In oriental medicine, the relationships between chang-fu physiology and meridian physiology are summaried as follows ; ${\bullet}$ chang-fu physiology : Spleen manages the extremities. Liver manages soft tissues. Liver stores blood. Kidney stores essences. Kidney manages bones. ${\bullet}$ meridian physiology : The Leg Greater Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Yang-Myeong Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Greater Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Absolute Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues Especially, we can find out relations between in a "blood supplied feet can walk well" that explains "blood regulations and by liver nourishing effects"that is the closest concept of muscle. Abnormal gaits are due to three causes as following; first, physical defect secoud, pain third, nervous system or instability of muscle. In oriental medicine, we can know relationship in "atrophy, numbness, stroke, convulsion, muscular dystrophy of knee, rheumatoid arthritis, five causes of infantile growing defects, five causes of softening, sprain". Especially, atrophy is the most important symptom. Gait evaluation should be emphasized where a point can walk 8 feet to 10 feet considering stride width, stride length, the body weight center, stride number, flexion, extension, rotation of a joint as a standard factor. The point is we should find out something strange in a patient's side, front and back view. After that we should find out its cause as an index that we can observe abnormal findings in a joint and muscle.