• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.227-243
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• 2014

Vietnam has a population of about 1% of the current annual growth rate of young population is more than half of the total population has the potential to be a total purchase. Vietnam as consumers to choose Korea cosmetics, attach importance to quality, reliability, origin and prefer excellent to high quality, functional and be relieved as the brand of the developed countries. Korean cosmetics are getting very popular and it is among the five largest exporter of cosmetics to Vietnam and raising the name proudly in current. In this study, the north of Vietnam (Ha noi, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Hai Phong, Phu Tho), a resident of 20-60 as consumers. Survey research method has adopted the Internet and Survey period was from September 2013 to May 2014 was performed. As a result, the total 163 respondents was obtained. The study provides useful information for people hopes to advance through the Vietnam or companies, entered the cosmetics.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-207
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• 2012

Vietnam is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Many Korean companies have recently invested their factories to Vietnam from China. This Study measures the entry determinants and outcomes of Vietnam foreign direct investment of the Korea company. This study developed a research model to determinant factor in the Vietnam market entry and collected 98 survey responses from the Korean company to Vietnam investment. In the article analysis, Multiple regression results show that Vietnam investment outcome review are positively affected by "Scale of Investment company", "International Experience of Investment company", "Marketing Skill of Investment company" and "Vietnam's Market Scale", "Vietnam's Market Environment" factors in all a hypothesis. However, the result of this analysis showed that the "Financial management of investment company", and "Organization management of investment company" as independence is not statistically significant. This article suggests that the investment outcome of Vietnam foreign direct investment should take earned of the Korea company in Vietnam market.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.56-74
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aims to identify consumer tendencies in Korea and Vietnam, focusing on the online platform called cross-border, to derive revenue generation measures and use them for strategies to advance into ASEAN. Design/methodology - The questionnaire collected 420 copies from December 1 to December 31, 2020, of which 408 were used for statistical processing. The structural equation model (SEM) and moderating effect analysis with Amos was used to test hypothesis in this research. Findings - The hypotheses were set as factors that positively influence the intention to use e-commerce, such as effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and variety seeking showed statistically significant results. Among them, the social influence factor had the greatest influence, followed by facilitating condition. The sample was divided into countries, Korea and Vietnam, and these changes and differences in influence were confirmed through moderating effect analysis. Originality/value - The moderating effect on both countries (Korea and Vietnam) was found to have a moderating effect on the intention to use. For Korean consumers, significant results were found in the effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and variety seeking, but for Vietnamese consumers, there were significant effects on the social influence and facilitating conditions, but the effort expectancy and variety seeking had no significant effect.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.1
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• pp.78-92
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• 2019

Among the Southeast Asian countries, Vietnam had the most cultural exchange with Korea. Through Confusion and Chinese character, which were the common measure for two countries, Korea and Vietnam could communicate and share a sentiment with each other. Two countries showed an enormous interest in each other, and hence they could keep good relationship without official diplomatic relations. During the early 19th century, Korean Ginseng had gained tremendous popularity in Vietnam. Vietnamese believed the stamina of Minh Mang, who had 142 sons and daughters, originated from ginseng. Minh Mang bestowed ginseng on old courtiers for their contribution, which made them more loyal to the king. This tradition was inherited to the future generations, and soldiers who fought with Thai, Cambodia and France also received ginseng for their contribution. In other words, ginseng was the very important key for enforcement of patriotism. Due to the tradition, Korean ginseng has been considered as the premium ginseng in Vietnam. It is presumed that ginseng flew into Vietnam through 4 routes; 1) as an imperial gift from Chinese emperor, 2) by the Vietnamese ambassadors who went to Beijing for a tribute, 3) through private trade and 4) from Ryukyu or Japan, which were the hub of international trade. From 15th to 18th century, ambassadors from Chosun and Vietnam actively interacted in Beijing. Through their interchange, Vietnamese royal family could learn about the value of ginseng. The fact that there were many Shilhak scholars among the ambassadors from Joseon, such as Seo Geojeong and Seo Hosu who had profound knowledge of ginseng proves the theory. It is also possible that reputation of ginseng was already established in Vietnam during Silla period. Ko Byung, an bureaucrat from Tang Dynasty who ruled Vietnam for 10 years in middle 9th century and a friend of Choi Chiwon, might have delivered the knowledge of ginseng to the upper class in Vietnam. This hypothesis, however, should be proven by literatures. Hence, further research about the trace of Korean ginseng in Vietnamese history and literary works still remains to be done.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the origin of Aquilariae Lignum. Method : Firstly identify the production areas of Aquilariae Lignum and its trading status with China in Chinese history through Chinese historical books such as Twenty-Five Histories(二十五史) and the records of the Chosun Dynasty and then, compare the distribution of the genus Aquilaria in the concerned areas. Result : Since the records in the NanfangCaomuZhuang(南方草木狀) written in 304 saying that Aquilariae Lignum was produced in Vietnam and had white flowers, Vietnam had led production and trading of Aquilariae Lignum until Qing Dynasty(淸代). Even though Thailand traded Aquilariae Lignum during Qing Dynasty, however, the volume was at a low level. Aquilariae Lignum from southern Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia was rated as low quality and low-priced because of its fishy smell and strong flavor. Conclusion : These results show that the origin of Aquilariae Lignum comes from Vietnam and this species is distinguished from the ones of Indodesia or Malaysia.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2012

The purpose of this study to measure the re-purchase intentions and country-of-origin effect in the Vietnam's image. This study was used to analysis the questionnaire date as SPSS ver. 12.0 statistical package. The major result of article can be summarized as follows. The factors of this study have been divided into 'political image', 'social image', 'cultural imge', 'economical image', and 'international image'. In the empirical result of the article, the country-of-origin effect for the Vietnam's country image would be shown in the results as the fellow. The first, 'cultural image', 'economical image', 'international image' are significantly positive country-of-origin effect. The second, 'political image', 'social image' are not as significantly positive statistically speaking. Also, country-of-origin effect show significantly positive re-purchase intention.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-91
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• 2015

This study investigated how Korean image and cosmetics products image effect by the Korean Wave(Hanllyu) on the Vietnam Customer focus on the cosmetics. Especially, Korean Wave of this study consisted in the movie/drama, K-pop and Korean stars. Korean image and cosmetics brand image was effected by factors related to the Korean Wave which had been deducted, based on preceeding research. A study was conduct in Vietnam where the spread of the Korean Wave content customer bases has been over along time. A total of 295 samples were used for th final analysis. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, a confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-regression. It is also found that Korean image and cosmetics brand image has affect by Korean Wave. and Cosmetics purchasing intention has affect Korean image and cosmetics brand image.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

Tannic acid (TA) is a water-soluble polyphenol compound found in various herbal plants. We investigated the chemopreventive effects of TA on FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. In an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, TA showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 50 ?M. Cell cycle analysis and immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated that under low-dose ($25{\mu}M$) treatment, FaDu cells were arrested in G2/M phase, and as the dose of TA was increased, apoptosis was induced with the increase of cell population at sub-G1 phase. The expressions of various cyclins, including cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK-1 and CDK-2), were down-regulated at low doses of TA, whereas apoptotic effectors such as cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were expressed in a dose-dependent manner in Western blotting. In addition, TA-induced apoptosis of FaDu cells might be mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, with the upregulation of p-AKT/p-PKB (phosphorylated protein kinase B) and p-ERK. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that TA is a potential candidate agent for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 2004

After 19th century of Chosun Dynasty Gilsnagmunja-do such as longevity, good fortune, health, well-being which was explosively prevalent and Hyojemunja-do which was panoramically decorated with eight characters of filial piety, fraternal devotion, loyalty, trust, courtesy, commitment, integrity and humility for enlightment of the public under the name of political ideology are consistency or same origin in traditional concept of Orient. Therefore, in view of Western standard, they are showing an illustration and a photograph of characters in design. There are some differences in way of expressions. They were considerably popular not only in Chosun Dynasty but in China, Japan and Vietnam where belong to the cultural territory of chinese characters. Though, Hyojemunja-do which was built-up in the late period of Chosun Dynasty and developed fro chinese mode is a very peculiar iconography and mode of Chosun Dynasty. Hyojemunja-do is also classified from Chinese Nianhua designed for supply of Conficianism ethics or Folk Painting designed for practical use in chinese cultural territory. In the late period of 19th century, Hyojemunja-do which was re-built with creative modeling has been developed in peculiar mode in the province of Kyunggi, Kangwon(Kwan dong region), Kwanseo region, Jeju island and Namdo region by the diversified level of painters.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

Norovirus (NV) with a variety of genotypes, a member of the family Caliciviridae, causes acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. We determined the nucleotide sequence of three open reading frames (ORFs) of a NV Korean strain and characterized the genetic relationship with others. The Korean strain designated Hu/NLV/Gunpo/2006/KO was isolated from the stool specimen of a 2-year-old female suffering from gastroenteritis. By performing reverse transcription and PCR amplification, three overlapping cDNAs were synthesized and used for direct sequencing. We found that like other NVs, this strain contains three ORFs: ORF1, 5,100 bp; ORF2, 1,647 bp; ORF3, 765 bp. Of 35 NVs, ORF1 had a level of genetic diversity lower than ORF2 and ORF3, of which the C-termini of the ORF2 and ORF3 showed a relatively high degree of genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the Korean strain belonged to genogroup II, with Saitama U1, Gifu'96, Mc37, and Vietnam 026 being formed a single genetic cluster. The nucleotide sequence information of three ORFs of a NV Korean isolate will be useful not only for the development of a diagnostic tool and understanding of genetic relationship, but also provide important basic information for the functional analysis of their gene products.