• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2011

Maturation and spawning of the Shotted halibut, Eopsetta grigorjewi was investigated based on the samples captured in South Korean waters from January 2008 to December 2009. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in December, and reached maximum between January to March. After spawning it began to decrease from May. Reproductive season was estimated to January-April, with peak in February. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 170,000 eggs in the smallest female (total length, 28.9cm) to 1,300,000 eggs in the largest (total length, 41.5cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity (TL50), determined from mature females, was 28.8cm. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into six successive stages; immature stage (May-October), nucleolus stage (November-January), yolk vesicle stage (January-February), vitellogenic and ripe stage (January-April) and spent stage (April-May).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2010

Maturation and spawning of the Blackthroat seaperch, Doderleinia berycoides were investigated based on the samples captured in Korean waters from January 2008 to December 2009. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in June, and reached maximum between July to September. After spawning it began to decrease from October. Reproductive season was estimated to July-September, with peak in August. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 115,500 eggs in the smallest female (TL〓28.2cm) to 652,000 eggs in the largest (TL〓33.5cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity ($TL_{50}$), determined from mature females, was 29.6cm. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into six successive stages; immature stage (October-May), nucleolus stage (June-July), yolk vesicle stage (July-August), vitellogenic stage (June-September), ripe and spent stage (August-October).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2004

This study was to prepare the anionic liposomes which were to release anticancer drug (doxorubicin) at the hyperthermia temperature $({\sim}42^{\circ}C)$ and to stabilize in bovine serum solution at $37^{\circ}C$. The vesicle size and zeta potential of liposomes in Tris-HCl buffered solution (pH 7.4) were measured by an electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer. To estimate the stability of liposomes, liposome size was measured in bovine serum solution at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. The release of doxorubicin from liposome was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity using fluorescence spectrophotometry with temperature and time. The size of liposomes was from 120 to 160 nm and zeta potential was from $-33.3{\pm}2.4$ to $-75.6{\pm}6.9\;mV$. Anionic liposome was stabilized in bovine serum solution at $37^{\circ}C$ within 72 h. Additionally, the release transition temperature of doxorubicin from liposomes was increased by increasing mole % of anionic phospholipid.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1984

Two cases of human infection by adult Spirometra erinacei were proved by collection of worms in Korea. The patients were 24 and 21-year old males residing in a mountainous village in Kangwon-do. They had the clinical complaints of abdominal pain and epigastric discomfort, revealing the diphyllobothriid eggs, $53~59{\times}37-42{\mu}m$ in size, in their stools. They were treated with 500 mg atabrine and purgated with magnesium salts, and 3~4 hours later several chains of tapeworm segments were recovered from the diarrheal stools. The recovered worms revealed the morphological characteristics of spiral-form or coiled uteri, separated vaginal opening from the cirrus sac, incorporated seminal vesicle into the cirrus sac, distribution of testes at the junction between proglottides, asymmetrical eggs with one pointed eggs, etc. and were identified as Spirometra erinacei (Rudolphi, 1819). The cases had the history of eating raw flesh of the snakes and these are considered the source of infection.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.679-684
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• 2017

Hydrated liquid crystalline vesicles incorporating a edge activator, which confers flexibility to the vesicle membranes, were prepared and niacinamide was encapsulated in them. The formation of liquid crystalline phases and their thermal phase transitions were investigated by polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Droplet sizes of the vesicles were reduced to several tens of nanometers by incorporating edge activators, such as sodium deoxycholate, lysolecithin, or polysorbate 80. The amount of niacinamide permeated into a pig skin increased greatly using the hydrated liquid crystalline vesicles compared to the case where niacinamide was applied in an aqueous solution state. The vesicles incorporating 10% sodium deoxycholate increased the amount of niacinamide permeated nearly four times. These results suggest that edge activators are effective in improving the skin permeability of vesicles.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 1995

The development of pale chub oocyte from the immature oogonium to mature oocyte was investigated by light and electron microscope. The cytoplasm of pale chub oogonia was acidic and many vesicles were located at inner side of nuclear membrane. In primary oocytes, yolk vesicles were distributed in cytoplasm. Also, fibrous materials and protuberances were distributed on the surface of zona radiata. The nucleus of secondary oocyte was enlarged and yolk vesicles in cytoplasm migrated to zona radiata. In early egg, yolk mass are formed and yolk vesicles were located at inner side of zona radiata. Three-layered zona radiata was about $3{\mu}m$ in thickness. The three layers were an outer fibrous material layer, a middle nurse cell layer in which microvilli of early egg cytoplasm contact with processes of nurse cells, and an inner layer with high electron density. In mature egg, euchromatin and a germinal vesicle were developed, mitochondria, free ribosomes, and yolk mass were distributed in cytoplasm. But, yolk vesicles were disappeared. Specially, zona radiata of matured eggs were better thin than the one of immature eggs In conclusion, it is summerized that the oogenesis of pale chub were the increase of cell size, the formation and accumulation of yolk, the decrease in nucleat electron density, changes of zona radiata, and the development of microvilli.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the recovery rate of oocyte according to the different size of follicles from porcine ovaries, and the effect of in vitro maturation of porcine immature oocyte at the different transportation temperature of ovaries from slaughter house. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The number of follicles per ovary was 22.5. The number of A-and B-typed oocytes(type A: cumulus-enclosed oocyte, type-B : corona-enclosed oocyte) per ovary was 2.4. The proportion of A-and B-typed oocytes was 29.6% of the total recovery oocytes. 2. When the immature oocytes were cultured for 36, 40, 44 and 48 h at 5$^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary, the germinal vesicle breakdown(GVBD) rates of porcine oocytes were 32.5, 28.2, 22.6 and 25.9% respectively. There were no significant differences between all the culture time for GVBD. Especially, most of oocytes were observed to arrest the development beyond germinal vesicle(GV) stage. 3. When the immature oocytes were cultured for 36, 40, 44 and 48 h at $25^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary, the GVBD rates were 81.0, 90.0, 91.7 and 92.9%, and the maturation (Met-II) rates were 51.2, 78.8, 76.2 and 78.6%, respectively. 4. When the immature oocytes were cultured for 36, 40, 44 and 48 h at 38$^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary, the GVBD rates were 93.9, 96.5, 96.5 and 95.3%, and the maturation rates were 62.2, 88.4, 84.7 and 86.0%, respectively. 5. The above results showed that the maturation rates of immature oocytes between $25^{\circ}C$ and 38$^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary did not differ significantly.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.268-279
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• 2003

The nano capsulation of the ceramide was a technique that capsulated ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate at the mono-vesicle, so as to act the horny layer in skin. It was used 0.5-5.0 wt% of hydrogenated lecithin and 0.01~2.00 wt% of lysolecithin as the membrane-strengthen agents of the mono-vesicle, 5.0~10 wt% of propylene glycol and 5.0~10.0 wt% of ethyl alcohol made by high-pressure Microfluidizer. To enhance the moisturizing efficacy and treat an atopy skin, used ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate as the active ingredients, and it was made the nano-capsule that synthetic emulsifiers were free. The optimal condition of capsulation of nano ceramide was as follows. The conditions were 3 times at 1,000bar and 60-7$0^{\circ}C$. The particle size showed 63.1$\pm$7.34 nm such as the transparence water as the results for measuring by the laser light scattering. A zeta potential value was -55.1$\pm$0.84 ㎷. The result of the clinical test, the moisturizing effect (in-vivo, n=8, p-value<0.05) was improved 21.15% compared to control, as well as it was improved 36.31 % before the treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of atopy skin indicated positive reaction that patients were 10 volunteers.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.399-405
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• 2018

Purpose: Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8) is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor receptor protein that participates in autophagy by directly regulating autophagosome membrane fusion and has been reported to be involved in tumor progression. Nevertheless, the expression and prognostic value of VAMP8 in breast cancer (BC) remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance and biological function of VAMP8 in BC. Methods: A total of 112 BC samples and 30 normal mammary gland samples were collected. The expression of VAMP8 was assessed in both BC tissues and normal mammary gland tissues via a two-step immunohistochemical detection method. Results: The expression of VAMP8 in BC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissues. Furthermore, increased VAMP8 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (p=0.007), lymph node metastasis (p=0.024) and recurrence (p=0.001). Patients with high VAMP8 expression had significantly lower cumulative recurrence-free survival and overall survival (p<0.001 for both) than patients with low VAMP8 expression. In multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analyses, lymph node metastasis and VAMP8 expression were independent prognostic factors for BC. Conclusion: VAMP8 is significantly upregulated in human BC tissues and can thus be a practical and potentially effective surrogate marker for survival in BC patients.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 1988

Five types of synaPses were differentiated in the antennal lobe or Pieris rapoe. aev are in general axo-dendritic synapses and have symmetrical contacts. The type I synapses contain the uniformly round vesicles of medium size, and consist of the 11% of all synapses in the antennal lobe. The type synapses are filled with the small flat and densely arranged (19%). The type III synapses possess medium-sized round vesicles and dense core ones(24%). The type IV synapses are characterized by such three kinds of vesicles as small round, small flat and dense core vesicles(33%). The type V synapses exhibit the presence of medium-sized round, large round and dense core vesicles(13%). The removal of the left antenna on its proximal portion caused the type IV boutons of the above ave types in ipsilateral antennal lobe to turn into dark or semidark degenerative changes. Therefore, it was concluded that many of the antennal receptor cells projected into the brain terminate in the antennal lobe to form type IV synapses together with the dendrites. 배추회나비 뇌의 촉각엽에 있는 신경세포들은 5가지의 신경연접을 형성하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이 신경연접들은 모두 축색과 수상돌기간의 연접으로 대칭연접이었다. 제1형 신경연접은 축색종말내에 중등도크기의 단형 연접소포를 가지고 있었고, 촉각엽에 있는 5가지의 신경연접중 11%의 출현빈도수로 관찰되었다. 제2형 신경연접의 축색종말에는 장형과 도형의 2가지 연접소포가 포함되어 있었는데, 모두 소형이었으며 이같은 연접소포들이 축색 종말내에서 조밀하게 관찰되었다. 제2형 신경연접의 출현 빈도수는 19%이었다. 제3형 신경연접은 축색 종말내에 중등도크기의 도형 연접소포와 DENSE CORE VESICLE을 포함하고 있었고 그 출현빈도수는 24%이었다. 제4형 신경연접은 축색총말내에 소형의 도형, 소형의 장형 연접소포 및 DENSE CORE VESICLE의 3가지 연접소포를 가지고 있었고 출현빈도수는 촉각엽에서 가장 큰 33%이었다. 제5형 신경연접은 축색종말내에 중등도크기의 원형, 대형의 원형연접소포 및 DENSE CORE VESICLE을 포함하였고 13%의 출현빈도수로 관찰되었다. 배추횐나비의 촉각에 있는 지각신경세포가 뇌의 촉각엽으로 뻗어 들어가 위의 5가지 신경연접중 어느 형을 형성하는지를 관찰하기 위하여 좌측 촉각의 기부를 제거하여 지각신경세포를 절단하였는데 그 결과, 좌측 촉각엽에서 제4형의 신경연접이 퇴행성 변화를 나타내었다. 그러므로 촉각의 지각신경세포는 뇌의 같은 족 촉각엽에 뻗어와 제4형 신경연접을 형성한다고 결론되었다.